Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a description of sniper convict Lee Boyd Malvo and application of both Differential Association and Learning Theory to his case as youth brainwashed into criminal behavior by a father substitute.

From the Paper
"Lee Boyd Malvo, also known as John Lee Malvo or Malik Malvo was years-old when convicted in the series of sniper shootings taking place in the Washington D C area. He was born in Jamaica but left in his early teens moving to another Caribbean island before arriving in the United States. At age he was arrested with an Army veteran named John Allen Muhammad the man with whom he was first accused and later convicted of undertaking a ..."

Tags:Lee Boyd malvo, sniper shootings, Differential Association, Learning Theory

Abstract
This paper evaluates Gregory A. Boyd's book "God of the Possible: A Biblical Introduction to the Open View of God," which presents open theism as an alternative to classical theism. The writer analyzes Boyd's approach, his biblical interpretation, the core beliefs of which he writes and their practical implications. The writer concludes that Boyd successfully achieves his prescribed purpose for writing and presents a 'much more livable theology'.

Outline:
Abstract
Boyd's Project
Biblical Interpretation
The Beliefs of Open Theism
Practical Advantages of Open Theism
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Boyd contends that there are many problems inherent in the classical view of God's foreknowledge and thus seeks to present a more biblically sound and more practically relevant standpoint on the issue of God's foreknowledge. He desires to present this in a way that is widely accessible to all as he contends that "this issue is too important and too practically significant to be limited to academic circles." Consequently he concedes that particular aspects of the open theism perspective have been deliberately overlooked in order to achieve his overarching goal of informing and motivating the intended audience in the most effective manner possible."

Tags:criticism, Judas, Jesus, non-literal, chance, sovereign, creation, prayer

Abstract
This paper discusses Boyd Shafer's definition of the meaning of modern nationalism in his book "Faces of Nationalism: New Realities and Old Myths", as well as the authors take on the realities and myths of modern nationalism. The paper further discusses Shafer's belief in internationalism over nationalism and provides some biographical data on author as well.

From the Paper
Shafer's "Faces of Nationalism" is an expansion and reinterpretation of his book, "Nationalism: Myth and Reality". In the preface to the book Shafer cites his purpose as a historical study of the faces, the realities and myths of modern nationalism. In spite of more than two books on the subject as well as learned papers, Shafer states that he does not believe that he..."

Tags:Shafer, Nationalism, Book, Historical, Internationalism, Myths

Abstract
This paper ananlyzes the hypotheses presented in Robert Boyd and Peter Richerson's seminal work "Culture and the Evolutionary Process." The reviewer considers assumptions presented in the book which underline the relationship between science and culture in promoting human evolution. The paper also shows links between Boyd and Richardson and earlier research in the field. The reviewer concludes that the discussions and analyses in "Culture and the Evolutionary Process" uncovers explanations and generates further understanding of how humans and human society came about, and continues to develop in the present.

From the Paper
"Boyd and Richerson provide two general assumptions that lead to their hypothesis, which posits that science and culture significantly influence each other in understanding the human evolutionary process. In the words of the authors, "process-oriented "scientific" analyses help us understand how history works, and "historical" data are essential to test scientific hypotheses about how populations and societies change" "

Tags:human, evolution, Robert, Boyd, Peter, Richerson, Culture, and, the, Evolutionary, Process

Abstract
This paper examines the concept of open theism, focusing on Gregory A. Boyd's ideas and comparing and contrasting them with those of Bruce A. Ware's. The subjects of prayer, free will, and pain and suffering are discussed.

From the Paper
"Christians have often wrestled with questions of unanswered prayer. Most Christians have had at least one prayer that was never answered or have witnessed the illnesses or deaths of people that they believed to be devout Christians in right standing with God. How can the concept of a loving God who longs to help His children be reconciled with unanswered prayer. Gregory A. Boyd's book "Is God To Blame: Moving Beyond Pat Answers to the Problem of Evil" purports to provide answers to..."

Tags:Boyd, Ware, open theism, prayer, free will, pain and suffering

Abstract
Critique of Nina Boyd Krebs' book. Her thesis that the USA is undergoing a profound cultural crisis. Mainstream versus alternative ethnic, social or spiritual groups. Variety of individual experience. The paradox of multiple identities, and walking the edge between two cultures. Analysis of edgewalking and personal narratives of edgewalkers.

From the Paper
"This research reviews the book Edgewalkers by Nina Boyd Krebs. Edgewalkers is Krebs's response to what she perceives as a profound cultural crisis in the United States. She refers to the "morass" of an American experience in which the dominant, or mainstream culture, seems capable of literally swallowing up the myriad individual cultures that contribute to it; the melting pot theory is one aspect of this (15f). But she takes the view that acknowledgment and even nurturing of the individual cultures of discrete contribution to the "pot" is a meaningful possibility, not least because the image of the pot has the effect of limiting outlook and perspective of the realities of lived culture. In order to establish a context for such acknowledgment and nurture, Krebs pursued the personal narratives of a number of people whom she describes as ..."

Abstract
This paper relates that a windshield survey of a community requires making observations, either by walking or driving, at different times of the day and week to more fully understand and evaluate a community. The author points out that this windshield survey for the Boyd Hill community was conducted as a community health project to assess the community and to identify any problems. The paper concludes that this survey of the neighborhood shows it to be a true neighborhood, which has seen better days, but the real problem with the community is that it has been isolated and divided by the road system in the town. The paper includes many charts and a graph.

From the Paper
"The community does contain a recreational center called the Boyd Hill Recreation Center, located at 1165 Constitution Boulevard. The center is situated on a 22-acre park and includes a gym, a conference room, an activity/games room, three outdoor basketball courts, ands a lighted baseball field on two small lots. The center also has two lighted tennis courts, a swimming pool, and a wooded trail for hiking. One of these trails is accessible to the handicapped. The park operates Monday through Thursday from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm and on Fridays from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm."

Tags:roads, isolation, observations, assess, african-american

Abstract
This paper discusses the book "Edgewalkers" by Nina Boyd Krebs which is Krebs's response to what she perceives as a profound cultural crisis in the United States. It analyzes her view that the American experience is one in which the dominant, or mainstream culture, seems capable of literally swallowing up the myriad individual cultures that contribute to it. It examines how Krebs pursues the personal narratives of a number of people whom she describes as edgewalkers--those individuals who function and even thrive on the boundary between mainstream culture and another culture-group to which they were born as a matter of ethnicity.

From the Paper
"To the degree Krebs looks at a variety of individual experience coming from many social and ethnic cultures, it can be characterized as cross-cultural. But she is not just interested in identifying multiple cultures; she seeks to get the inside story of the experience of walking the edge, or boundaries, of cultures in the American context. Edgewalking, in Krebs's formulation, entails competent movement of an individual between cultures with which he or she is either identified or in which he or she is materially positioned. She cites people "who use their intelligence, creativity and stamina to solve problems, promote harmony and find a better way," as against people whose identity politics may foster political gridlock, ethnic/gang rivalry, or indeed multiculturalism, which over the years has proved to be more divisive than unifying as a principle of social organization (15-16)."

Tags:america, culture, ethnicity, minorities

Abstract
The paper analyzes the strategic paralysis theories of John Warden and John Boyd and their application and effectiveness in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The paper shows how these theories are theoretically sound and have practical validity as well. However, the paper goes on to explain why the fundamental assumptions made by both Boyd and Warden mean that their theories of strategic paralysis aren't always applicable. The paper therefore concludes that strategic paralysis theory is a realistic concept, but cannot be realised in all circumstances.

From the Paper
"Colonel John Boyd hypothesised that one could strategically paralyse their enemy through affecting his decisions-making processes. He developed a theory of decision-making process that he claimed all humans were subject to. The process had four phases: Observe, Orientate, Decision, Act. Subsequently, it was named the OODA loop. In practice, the OODA loop consisted of a person observing a change in the situation, orientating their mind to the new situation and developing plans, deciding on a plan, and acting on that chosen plan. Boyd theorised that one could defeat an enemy through getting inside their OODA loop. This could be done through going through one's own OODA loop quicker and with more accuracy than their enemy. This meant that while the enemy was still thinking about the changed situation and what they were going to do about it, the situation would change as a result of you having acted on a new decision. Doing this would result in the mental paralysis of the enemy. The enemy would become confused and his willingness to resist would deteriorate, Boyd hypothesised."

Tags:Gulf, War, Iraq, John, Boyd, John, Warden, enemy, gravity, global, jihadists

Abstract
This paper looks at the transformative learning theory of Jack Mezirow, and an alternative perspective on the theory by Robert Boyd. It looks at the transformative learning process and how it is thought to work by examining the transformative process in changing a person's perspective of the world.

From the Paper
"Transformative learning theory, developed by Jack Mezirow, states that learning occurs through autonomous thinking and that the centrality of experience, critical thinking and rational discourse, are three common themes in transformative learning. Transformative learning theory was developed by Mezirow and, although he is the major developer of the theory, other perspectives on the theory have emerged based on the work of Robert Boyd. Mezirow's theory developed into a comprehensive and complex description of how learners construe, validate and reformulate the meaning of their experience."

Tags:transformative learning theory, Mezirow, Boyd