Abstract The paper looks at two rebellions in Chinese history; the Tai Ping Rebellion, which was a rebellion of religious fanatics seeking to overthrow the traditional culture of China, and the Boxer Rebellion, which, although religious based, sought to rid the country of European influence. The paper examines the history behind the Tai Ping movement that led it to rebellion, the damage it caused and how it was squashed. However, it also shows how Taiping leaders adopted many policies that would later become the marks of modernizers in China. The Boxer Rebellion, on the other hand, was neither a rebellion or a war against the Europeans, since it was limited to only a few places. By 1901, the imperial government was forced to agree to the humiliating terms of the Boxer Protocol, under which European powers got the right to maintain military forces in the capital. The Boxer Protocols established a new course of reform for China.
From the Paper "While China was involved in conflicts with Europeans during the Opium War, it was also convulsed by a number of rebellions during the mid-century, including the rebellion in Nien, 1853-1858, where several Muslim rebellions in the southwest and northwest, and especially the Taiping rebellion, resulted in devastating consequences for China. The Taiping rebellion alone lasted for twenty years, leading to some thirty million deaths, in fact, from 1850 to 1873, the rebellion, together with drought and famine caused the Chinese population to drop by over sixty million people, a truly tragic period for China. The Taiping rebellion was an internal disturbance instigated by Hung Hsiu-ch'uan, who possessed a unique mix of European and Chinese cultural. He was the son of a poor farmer near Canton, who had visions which led him to believe that he was sent by God to earth in order to eradicate the demons. After studying under a Baptist minister, Hung and some followers formed a new religious sect called the God Worshippers, dedicated to the destruction of idols in the region around Canton. He believed that the Manchu rulers were the main propagators of demon worship and that to overthrow them would help bring in the Kingdom of Heaven on earth. During the late 1840's, Hung reorganized his movement into a military organization, and began to build a treasury, consolidate forces, and store up weapons. In December 1850, he was attacked by government forces, and successfully defeated them, and the following year declared that the Kingdom of Heavenly Peace at been established with himself as the Heavenly King, thus the era of the Taiping or Great Peace began."
Abstract This paper discusses the controversy surrounding the African American boxer who was falsely accused, convicted, and imprisoned in reference to the Bob Dylan song. . The author examines the movie "Hurricane" and how it portrayed the racism in America that condemned a successful black man in the worst way.
From the Paper "Rubin "Hurricane" Carter was born on May 15, 1937 in New Jersey . He was a rough street kid from a lower-class family in the inner city. After having run-ins with the law at an early age, he joined the Army and later became one of the greatest boxers of all time. He should have been the middle weight boxing champion of the world, but instead spent almost 20 years in a New Jersey prison for a triple homicide that he was falsely accused of in 1976."
Abstract This paper explains that Harry Sylvester's "I Won't Do No Dive" represents the cultural phenomenon of the fixing of boxing matches, which is commonly told in sports-themed literature and Hollywood screen plays. The author points out that, even the incorrect phrasing of the term, "I won't do no dive", is a deliberate double-negative, familiar as both the text of a boxer who won't deliberately lose a match and as a double-negative that resonates of the poor English of a boxer growing up in a rough area and enduring many battles in his attempted climb to the top. The paper relates that match fixing provides for an interesting literary device by creating a complicated dilemma, which underscores the importance of honesty and competition in sport and how the corruption of these mottos commonly debases it.
From the Paper "The era in which the story was written (the 1930s) also has literary implications, as we witness the rough-and-tumble surrounds of a struggling boxer in the earlier part of the twentieth century. The characters speak in the incorrect English of a rough area in a bygone era - which is not specified, but his again is a good literary device: we romanticize the era and the place, perhaps imagining a rough, no-holds-barred Brooklyn, where even the rough, down-on-their-luck crowd have dreams of boxing and making it big."
Tags: dilemma, double-negative, mobsters, engaging, language
Abstract This paper studies the essay written by Norman Cousins in 1962 about who was responsible for the death of then famous boxer, Benny Paret. It looks at the dangers of boxing as a blood sport and questions whether wider social circles were to blame for his death.
From the Paper "In his 1962 essay "Who Killed Benny Paret?", Norman Cousins makes a strong argument against the propriety - and the morality - of professional boxing. He backs up his statement with quotes from an interview he did nearly three decades before he wrote this essay as well as facts from the then-recent death of boxer Benny Paret. Although the essay is a compelling argument about the physical dangers of boxing to participants and the moral dangers of boxing to those who watch the sport, the essay would be even more effective if it were not quite so repetitive and if the events that he is writing about were better known to today's readers."
Abstract This paper explains that Socrates and his disciples maintained that democracy was not the best form of government because the principles of equality and liberty for everyone were flawed since they gave unwise and uneducated men the right to vote and make important decisions. The author points out that, according to Plato's "Republic", justice is a virtue, which must be exercised in its true spirit to bring about good. The paper concludes, using the grossly unjust case of famous boxer Hurricane, if justice is to be exercised by wise men, it must be seen as a virtue that focuses on extracting good out of any situation.
From the Paper "Justice according to Cephalus was telling the truth and repaying what one receives. Thrasymachus felt justice was the rule of the stronger. Both these views were harshly discredited by Socrates whose version of justice was based on lofty principles of wisdom and virtue. Thrasymachus' view of justice is actually based on injustice. He felt that the people who did not take into consideration the welfare of others were happier and could lead a successful life. How this could be called justice is simply beyond many. Socrates maintained that justice was something good which when exercised must bring out good. In other words, justice should focus on the common good of everyone and must leave the world a better place when exercised."
Tags: government, uneducated, virtue, boxer, president
Abstract The paper relates that the Boxer Rebellion took place from 1898-1900, in Northern China and was waged between ordinary, lower class native Chinese peasants against the foreign missionaries. The paper explains that Cohen's book is more of a history as to how the rebellion has been interpreted, than it is of the immediate implications of the event itself and its aftermath. The paper discusses how Cohen's ideas are useful in terms of how to approach history, particularly historical events that have become especially fraught with meaning in modern culture, way beyond their immediate impact.
From the Paper "Paul Cohen is a professor of East Asian history with an openly postmodern orientation. The title of the book refers to Cohen's understanding of the rebellion as an event that can be viewed with a series of lenses, rather than a singular historian's lens. The rebellion is an event, experience and also a myth. Significantly, Cohen does not refer to any specific detail about the rebellion in his title; he is more concerned with describing his three-keyed approach to understanding the Boxers, rather than referring to the Boxers themselves. Even the name, the Boxer rebellion, is polluted to some extent in Cohen's eyes, because the idea of the Boxers has become so subject to political influences of people with agendas beyond mere understanding."
Abstract This paper discusses how "Animal Farm" can be considered an allegory due to the use of characters, who symbolize real-life characters and the plots, which have two meanings (the literal meaning and the symbolic meaning). The paper further looks at how Orwell used allegory in "Animal Farm" because his purpose was to show the audience the truth, which remained unknown to so many, about the Soviet system. The paper also discusses how the characters such as Snowball, Napoleon and Squealer are reflections of dictators and propaganda that were seen in Russia in the 1900s and how Boxer and Clover reflect what Karl Marx called the "proletarians", who were exploited by the upper class.
From the Paper "Boxer is a symbolic character due to his personality, which attracts our attention and we, as readers, are moved by the actions he takes. Orwell portrays Boxer as a symbol for the proletarian class by describing Boxer's personality indirectly, depicting his actions and carefully writing out Boxer's dialogue. For instance, Orwell tells us that Boxer, as a horse, only knows his alphabets up to D, unlike the pigs, which have learned how to read and write like a professional. When Boxer attempts to learn the following four letters; he easily forgets the first four letters of the alphabets. When the windmill is being built, Boxer is the character who is doing most of the work and as once stated, "nothing could have been achieved without Boxer", which meant that Boxer was the hard worker that pulled everyone else along. "
Abstract This paper will discuss Randy Roberts' book, "Papa Jack: Jack Johnson and the Era of White Hopes" and seek to understand this boxer in light of the research that Roberts has done him. By understanding the life of a black boxer in the early years of the sport, we can see how this creative work uncover sthe racism and attitude of the boxing world in the era of Papa Jack.
Abstract This essay considers the distinctive functions of Western missionaries in nineteenth century China and why they became the carriers and promoters of capitalistic, Western Cultures. Through the examination of China's history, including the Opium war and the Boxer Rebellion, the paper determines the influence of Western missionaries upon Chinese culture and how this affected China and her people. The paper shows how these missionaries were seeking to implement change through Western ideals and values that were and still are meaningless to the majority of the Chinese people.
Outline:
Introduction
A Global View of China's History With The West
Missionary Zeal and the Boxer Rebellion
Why Western Missionaries Became the Carrier of Chinese
From the Paper "Portuguese merchants and Catholic missionaries, who arrived in China during the late sixteenth century, were the first important cultural meetings between China and Europe. And it was through such missionaries, and their converts, that Christianity was introduced into mainland China throughout the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. However, due to the fear of Catholic influence among the Chinese imperial rulers, Christianity was banned in China from 1724-1860. Throughout this period, therefore, missionary efforts were concentrated on other Southeast Asian countries, as the missionaries waited for China to reopen its boarders to foreigners (High Beam Encyclopaedia, Online Article, 2007)."
Tags: Hudson, Taylor, Opium, War, colonialism, Christianity
History, development & demise of control of China by West, 1793-1949. Differences in cultures & world views, Chinese misperceptions about West, Boxer Rebellion, Communist revolution.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 5 sources, 1996, $ 79.95
From the Paper "In the fifty-eighth year of the reign of the Emperor Qianlong, emissaries from a remote and obscure princeling somewhere off across the South Sea were politely received at the Imperial Court in what is now Beijing. Such embassages were not common, but they were not entirely unknown. If it was judged convenient to do so, a foreign ruler might acknowledge the formal overlordship of the Emperor as ruler of All Under Heaven, in turn for which his people would be permitted to enter trade relations, and encouraged to learn the arts and manners of civilization from an empire that had been the supreme embodiment of these things for three thousand years.
The princeling's emissaries offered examples of their own manufactures and other products. The manufactures were acknowledged to be ingenious, but it was less obvious that they..."
From the Paper "The Boxer Rising: A History of the Boxer Trouble in China is an interesting book which contains reprinted newspaper articles from the Shanghai Mercury. The collection was first published in 1900, and the articles constitute direct evidence of the events as written by newspaper reporters at the time of the events depicted. The picture that emerges is immediate, as if the reader were on the scene, must as if he or she had just picked up the morning paper and read about events taking place up the block. The book can serve as a primary source for information about the Boxer Rebellion and shows the attitudes of the society of Shanghai at the time. The book does not have the distance of history, however, and therefore any interpretation of the events should be undertaken with more data than can be provided from newspaper reports written in the heat of the moment, with all the..."
Abstract George Orwell wrote "Animal Farm" as a political satire on Soviet communism. It relates the history of Soviet communism through the events on a farm actioned by the farm animals and the human beings they interact with. This paper explores the economic perspective of this novel, specifically what economic system operated on the farm, how this economic system operated and whom the system benefitted (or placed at a disadvantage). The paper shows that by studying the novel with these parameters in mind, one can obtain a comprehensive understanding of Orwell's opinions on the economics of communism and totalitarianism.
From the Paper "This leads into the second question of how this economy is sustained. In the beginning, when the animals rebel against their human master and institute Old Major's utopia (Old Major died three days after he related his idea to the animals), each animal assumes a role within the community for the betterment of their entire animal society. Snowball (one of the pigs) takes on the role of primary educator and teaches the other animals to read regardless of what kind of animal they are. Napoleon educates a group of puppies on the merits of Animalism, the new doctrine as professed by Old Major and designed to guide the actions of the inhabitants of Animal Farm. Boxer, the cart-horse uses his strength and dedicated work ethic to contribute to the flourishing of the farm, adopting as his personal creed ?I will work harder.? "
Abstract This paper discusses and compares the careers of Mike Tyson and David Beckham. It shows how both became stars at a very young age and were suddenly thrust into the global spotlight. The paper examines how each of the two dealt with the glory and fame - Tyson landed up in jail for three years and Beckham had to deal with death-threats to himself and his family. Ultimately, the paper shows that David Beckham was more successful in handling the media attention than Mike Tyson.
From the Paper "What made the difference in their responses? That's difficult to say. Maybe it's the difference between soccer and boxing that affected the way in which they responded to it. Or maybe it was the difference in their support networks. Beckham had a complete soccer team who was willing to be supportive for him, and he had a family (including a wife and child) who was completely there for him. Tyson was in a competitive sport alone, without a team. He was feuding with his manager and ex-wife. He had never had a real family. He had grown up on the streets that taught survival, instead of in a supportive environment that emphasized sportsmanship. Tyson had learned boxing when he ?was sent to a correction unit where discipline was to be enforced upon him.? (Iron Mike Biography) Perhaps he simply didn?t have the network for support that he needed. Some would suggest that it was more than that. Maybe it's a racial or class issue. They are approached by the media in a very different way, certainly. Beckham is portrayed as a traditional bad boy, but he was also loved. The media let him be a perfect victim every once in a while."
Abstract This paper explains how the causes of this revolution extend back hundreds of years before the revolution. More importantly, this paper examines the importance of this revolution in this country's history. This paper highlights how education and the 'Boxer Movement' were important precursors to this revolution.
Abstract This paper discusses the literary works of George Orwell and presents the similarities and differences in the themes prevalent in "Animal Farm" and "1984". The paper contends that the characters in these two books have similar and varying characteristics, which highlight the themes of betrayal and equality. The paper examines how Orwell established the themes of the two stories perfectly in the way in which he compared and contrasted the characters to demonstrate different political aspects.
From the Paper "In Animal Farm, Orwell wrote, "All animals are equal but some are more equal than others,"(p. 56). If being equal is a positive thing, then the more equal you are the better off you are. In the novel 1984, also written by Orwell, equality was a central theme. "Are you more equal than others?" asked The Welding Journal, "This is your chance to become one who is more equal than others, more expert in the welding field. . . ."(p. 58) In this context, if one were "more equal", it meant that he was powerful and superior to others, just as the pigs in Animal Farm believed that they were more equal than, and thus superior to, the other animals in the story."
