Abstract
This paper examines how the Supreme Court's decision negating "a fundamental right to engage in homosexual sodomy" is rooted not in legal tradition but in an implicit need to preserve Judeo-Christian and heterosexual values. By looking at the reasons behind the Bowers v. Hardwick decision, this paper studies how the law is often used as a double-edged sword, to enhance the privileged position of certain groups of society at the expense of the needs of others.

From the Paper
"Bowers v. Hardwick centers around respondent Hardwick, who was arrested for violating the Georgia statute prohibiting acts of sodomy between homosexuals. Hardwick then brought suit in Federal District court, asserting that by criminalizing consensual sodomy in the privacy of the bedroom, the Georgia statute violated the constitutional right to privacy (Bowers v. Hardwick). Hardwick charged that homosexual activity is "a private and intimate association" and should therefore not be subject to state regulation, as guaranteed by both the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments. The Federal Court upheld Hardwick's argument, but the case was remanded to the Court of Appeals and eventually, to the Supreme Court (Bowers v. Hardwick)."

Tags:law, discrimination, privelege

Abstract
This paper explains that, although everyone agrees that privacy rights of individuals should be protected by governmental laws, the extent of one's right to privacy has often been a matter of vast disagreement in the court system of the United States. The author points out that an individual's right to sexual privacy, including homosexuality, is an issue that has been brought before the courts repeatedly; "Bowers v. Hardwick" is a landmark case fought in 1986, which tested these boundaries. The paper relates that the United States Supreme Court has established that, to some extent, an individual does have a limited right to die: by citing "Griswold v. Connecticut" and even "Roe v. Wade", the court stated that, if the right to privacy is broad enough to include a woman's decision to terminate her pregnancy, it also provides a basis for the right to die.

From the Paper
"Drug testing is another issue that has been fiercely debated in the courts. With the increase of illegal drug use across the United States, many institutions have tried to institute a policy of random testing in order to combat the problem. Opponents of this policy claim that these random drug tests are an invasion of privacy rights and violate the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches. A group of parents challenged the Oklahoma school district's policy of random drug testing in front of the Supreme Court. The school district established a policy of random urine tests for students who want to join the marching band, academic team or any competitive extracurricular activity. In previous cases, the court had ruled that general urine testing required a warrant or some evidence of drug use. However, in a school setting, there is a lower expectation to privacy and in Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton in 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that drug testing for student athletes did not violate their privacy rights, since these students were the most at risk and could choose whether or not to participate in sporting activities."

Tags:protections, interpretation, landmark, complexity, boy-scouts

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the majority opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick. The plan of the research will be to set forth an opposing answer to the opinion by addressing the main points relevant to the issue of the right to privacy raised by the case, making reference not only to the Constitution and to other decisions by the Supreme Court, but to the various opinions written by all justices taking part in the decision.


In a 5 to 4 vote, the Supreme Court in 1986 decided that mutually consensual homosexual conduct, specifically the act of sodomy, committed in the privacy of a home, could Constitutionally be prohibited by the state of Georgia. The majority position was taken in opposition to a petition on the part of a man charged with sodomy to the effect that "the Federal Constitution confers a fundamental right upon homosexuals to..."

Abstract
This paper discusses several of the court cases that were impacted by Roe v. Wade, with an emphasis on Sternberg v. Carhart. The initial law established by Roe v. Wade is evaluated and subsequent cases and their effect on women's reproductive rights is further examined. These issues include first and second trimester abortions and partial-birth abortions. The paper analyzes the opinions of the Supreme Court justices who heard Sternberg v. Carhart, and the court's ultimate decision.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), established that a woman's right to privacy extended to reproductive health and guaranteed that women had a right to abortion. This right to an abortion was not an unlimited right, but was the result of weighing the rights of the mother against the rights of the unborn child. Therefore, the Roe court determined that a woman had a virtually unlimited right to an abortion in the first and second trimesters, prior to fetal viability, but that a state could place restrictions on a woman's right to an abortion after a fetus was viable, in the third trimester. Id., 163-165. However, the Roe court acknowledged that medical advances might change the scope of the decision, especially in regards to Roe's trimester divisions. Id."

Tags:abortion, reproductive, rights, Sternberg, v., Carhart, Roe, v., Wade

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the reigns of Charles V, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire to that of Murad III, ruler of the Ottoman empire. The author states that the men were vastly different from one another. But despite their differences, there are many similarities in the reigns of Charles V and Murad III, as both men were mediocre leaders who achieved limited success in their roles. While both men certainly faced difficult circumstances during their rules, the paper describes them as also helping to orchestrate their own failings through personal weaknesses and poor decisions. The author concludes that Charles V and Murad III had similar results: both men left their empires weaker then they found them, and both men helped initiate or expand the process by which their empires decayed.

Outline:
Military Miscues
Unwise Policy Decisions
Underappreciated Threats
Worse than They Found It
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Murad III, quite similarly, was challenged by internal and external forces, which largely went unchecked as he withdrew from affairs of state. Internally, he faced dissatisfaction publicly and within his inner circle as his harem exerted significant influence over political decisions. Further, his unwise monetary policy led to a revolt among his soldiers. Externally, the growth of the Ottoman Empire dove into stagnation during his rule, and the once-invincible military showed weakness during its conflicts with Persia and Austria."

Tags:Charles, V, Holy, Roman, Empire, Ottoman, Empire, Murad, III

Abstract
This paper analyzes the V-Chip technology from a public policy point of view, with focus on its impact on juvenile crime. The paper opens by describing how juvenile crime is on the rise and how many feel there is a link between television violence and juvenile crime. The author then discusses how and why the V-Chip was developed as part of a public policy allowing parents to control access to television programs by their children. The paper then shifts to an evaluation of the technology, why it hasn't been successful, and why it's not a good public policy to be mandated by the government. The author closes by offering some suggestions as to how juvenile crime can be reduced by treating the underlying causes.

Tags:v, chip, crime

Abstract
This paper examines two central speeches in Shakespeare's "Henry V" that reveal how motives and style can impart meaning. The paper portrays Henry V as a sovereign king with a public, political character but not a private character and focuses on Shakespeare's stagecraft.

From the Paper
"Henry V's famous "Once more into the breach dear friends" is so clearly a set piece. Henry commands control of the play as a heroic sovereign, a unifying national leader who stirs his soldiers to noble efforts at Harfleur and again at Agincourt. The most telling speech before the English victory over the French one should note is not the rousing St Crispin battle-cry but the "O God of battles, steel my..."

Tags:Style, Theme, Henry V, Stagecraft, Shakespeare., History., Drama., Poetry

Abstract
This paper is a biography of Charles V, Emperor of Europe, one of the most important rulers in European history. The paper describes Charles V's historical significance and how he affected the Renaissance and the Reformation. The paper also includes references to his family and blood line.

From the Paper
"Emperor Charles V was one of the most important ruling personalities in European history. The lottery of birth placed Charles at the center of a genealogical network that covered half of Europe. His father Philip was Duke of Burgundy. His grandfather was Emperor Maximilian of Austria. His mother Joanna was daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand, Spain's Catholic monarchs."

Tags:Charles V, emperor, pope, Holy Roman emperor, catholic, reformation, Martin Luther, Muslin, Turkish invasion, sack of Rome, German princes, Protestants, renaissance.

Abstract
In this paper the author argues that McCullough v. Maryland was one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in history. The paper gives a background to the case, which began in 1791, and shows how the decision applies in modern times. The author describes the difficulties for today's audiences to understand the case's importance. Therefore, the writer stresses understanding the case's principles, not details.

From the Paper
"From a modern perspective, it can be difficult to understand the key issues that the Supreme Court resolved in the dispute. First, a modern audience may have a difficult time understanding why the states had an issue with the idea of a national bank. However, in the time period immediately following the Revolutionary War there was a huge dispute in the Federal government regarding the Federal government's ability to run such a bank..."

Tags:banking, interstate, commerce, National, Bank, McCullough, v., Maryland, Federalism

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the Canadian case of R v N in terms of police interrogation. The writer concludes that overzealous use of police interrogation should be controlled.

From the Paper
"According to James W. Williams, in recent years the Canadian criminal justice system has been plagued with a number of high profile wrongful convictions. Particular attention has been directed towards the police and their ability to meet their responsibility to investigate crime effectively while protecting the interests, the rights and freedoms of the accused. As Williams has stated, one notable aspect of police operations that has come under increasing scrutiny in this regard is the police interrogation, a practice ... "

Tags:R v N, Canadian law, police, interrogation.