Abstract
In this article, the writer presents the pharmacology of bowel disorders with a specific discussion of medications and pharmacology principles for bowel disorders and other gastrointestinal conditions. The writer discusses normal function of the lower digestive tract constipation and pharmacotherapy with laxatives diarrhea and pharmacotherapy with anti-diarrheals inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Further, the writer looks at pharmacotherapy for the conditions of nausea and vomiting and pharmacotherapy with antiemetics obesity.

From the Paper
"This paper presents the pharmacology of bowel disorders with a specific discussion of medications and pharmacology principles for bowel disorders and other gastrointestinal conditions. To begin with an introduction to the pharmacotherapy of bowel disorders is presented. The following topics are then discussed normal function of the lower digestive tract constipation and pharmacotherapy with laxatives diarrhea and pharmacotherapy with anti-diarrheals inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome and pharmacotherapy for these conditions nausea and vomiting and pharmacotherapy with antiemetics obesity and pharmacotherapy for this condition pancreatic ..."

Tags:pharmacotherapy, for, bowel, disorders

Abstract
This paper presents the case of M.D., a 66-year-old female who was admitted to Fremont Memorial Hospital on September 4, 2007 with bowel obstruction (BO). The paper explains the pathophysiology related to bowel obstruction and then discusses diagnostic studies and medications. The paper also examines the nursing care that was provided to the patient.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Physical Assessment
Labs & Diagnostics
Medications
Patient's Disease Course
Summary
Appendix

From the Paper
"Labs on September 4, September 9, and September 10 included: complete blood cell count (CBC), and electrolyte panel. M.D.'s vomiting contributed to her body's compensatory reaction of low and high electrolyte values. Additionally, her chemotherapy affected her white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) count. Each was low relative to received chemotherapy. Consequently the following Hematopoietic disorders have developed: Anemia from decreased production of the protein erythropoietin (EPO), Leucopenia, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia all are side effects from damage to the spongy bone marrow tissue due to chemotherapy."

Tags:medication, lab, intestine, SBO

Abstract
This paper attempts to define and explain Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects approximately 20% of the Western population, and accounts for frequent absenteeism from work and impaired quality of life. The paper outlines how it is characterised by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, in the absence of any other GI problems and diagnosis is based on the Rome criteria. Despite the the heterogenous nature of the disorder, the writer succeeds in giving a general overview of this disease for the reader.

From the Paper
"Psychiatric disorders are recorded in 50-80% of patients with IBS in some studies, although a single disorder is not well defined. Anxiety, depression, somatization, and neurosis have all been recorded1. In patients with IBS, acute psychological attacks have been shown to significantly alter their gastrointestinal motility2. Drossman et al found that patients with IBS undergo more suffering from psychosocial distress than non-patients with IBS3. Osterberg et al, on the other hand, found that there were minute differences in psychological distresses between patients with IBS, and non-patients with IBS4. Thus, assorted studies have conclusions that vary from each other. Altered gastrointestinal motility seems to be associated with the aetiology of IBS, but is not diagnostic. Serotonin (5-HT) has been studied for its role in regulating colonic motility in humans, but it is not yet known whether alterations in the colonic 5-HT system are involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome5. Lincoln et al established that the total indoleamine (5-HT plus its metabolite 5-HIAA) concentration in the sigmoid colon in patients undergoing partial or total colectomy for treatment of idiopathic constipation, attributed to IBS, was considerably higher than in normal subjects6. In unstimulated conditions, the colonic myoelectrical and motor activity are normal, whereas under stimulated conditions, IBS patients shown more abnormalities than normal subjects7. Lanng et al, found that all investigations regarding motility disorders showed variation, supporting the general theory of IBS being a broad-spectrum motility disorder."

Tags:dysmotility, gastroenteritis, hypersensitivity, intolerance, lactose, psychosocial, serotonin, syndrome, visceral

Abstract
A discussion of how Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the common intestinal and chronic disorder most frequently reported to and encountered by gastro-enterologists. It discusses when and why this condition occurs and this is often related to stress factors. The paper focuses on a study of how this condition effects working habits of sufferers.

From the Paper
"Workers with IBS and who were investigated suggested that doctors give more time and interest in diagnosing their condition. Furthermore, they felt that these doctors should be informed about and made to appreciate their suffering. Health care workers should view the sickness as socially isolating and therefore, sufferers should be provided with a support group by those who are able or are obliged to do so."

Tags:gastro, spastic, colon

Abstract
The paper describes the words faecal incontinence as refering to the unintended passage of liquid or solid stools. The paper further describes how this incontinence can range from daily loss of all stools to infrequent soiling or the inability to control flatus. The paper details how faecal incontinence and constipation can be problems at the same time."

From the Paper
"The words `faecal incontinence' refer to the unintended passage of liquid or solid stools. This incontinence can range "from daily loss of all stools to infrequent soiling or the inability to control flatus" (Boyd-Carson, 2003, p. 45). Faecal incontinence and constipation can be problems at the same time. Bowel incontinence can be caused by many things "including bowel disease, trauma post surgery or childbirth, chronic diarrhea and neurological conditions" (Lam & Jones-Roberts, 2002, p. CU1)."

Tags:incontinence, constipation, nursing

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the pharmacology of bowel disorders and the medications used to treat these disorders and other gastrointestinal conditions. The writer covers normal function of the lower digestive tract, gastrointestinal disorders, bowel diseases, pancreatitis, obesity and weight loss. The writer explains the normal function of the lower digestive tract.

From the Paper
"This paper presents the pharmacology of bowel disorders with a discussion of medications for bowel disorders and other gastrointestinal conditions. The following topics are included normal function of the lower digestive tract gastrointestinal disorders nausea and vomiting constipation diarrhea bowel diseases pancreatic enzymes and pancreatitis obesity nurse considerations for dealing with clients regarding bowel disorders nausea vomiting and weight loss."

Tags:pharmacology, digestive tract, gastrointestinal, bowel disorders, nursing, medications

Abstract
This paper discusses that the differential diagnosis for a vomiting four-day-old child is extensive, including intestinal obstructions, inborn errors of metabolism, sepsis, intracranial bleeding, gastroenteritis, and overfeeding. The author concludes that imaging diagnosis suggests malrotation of the small intestine, resulting in partial obstruction of the small bowel. The paper relates that the prognosis for children who undergo surgery before development of any degree of bowel infarction usually can return to normal function within three days.

Table of Contents
General Information
Chief Complaint
History of the Present Illness
Family History
Review of Systems
Social History
Physical Examination
Clinical Laboratory
Differential Diagnosis
Assessment
Treatment plan
Discussion

From the Paper
"Imaging studies were obtained. Abdominal radiographs were essentially unremarkable. An upper GI series was obtained and showed that the duodenal-jejunal junction was abnormally located to the right of the patient's spine. After this point there was a narrowing of the duodenum with a fine thread of contrast extending inferiorly in a "corkscrew" like appearance. Abdominal ultrasound with color Doppler was also obtained and shows the superior mesenteric vein coursing around the superior mesenteric artery in a swirl-like appearance."

Tags:compalint, history, systems, treatment, laboratory

Abstract
The paper examines Winkelman, Leonard and Rossos' study that investigated the value and usefulness of Internet-based patient access to information for patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The paper evaluates the study design and its rationale, research purpose, target population, participants, ethical issues, data quality methods, findings, limitations and implications. The paper relates that while the study provides an indication of the usefulness of information technology regarding chronic illness, it is limited because it is a qualitative and therefore a subjective study. The paper points out, however, that the qualitative method is the only available means to understand the patient's perspective that should always be of central importance.

Outline:
Introduction
Rationale
Research Purpose
The Target Population
Study Participants and Setting
Ethical Considerations
Data Quality Methods
Findings and Limitations
Implications for Nursing
Summary

From the Paper
"The design used was a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive (grounded theory) study which made use of in-depth interviews. The grounded theory approach does not being with a theoretical framework, but leads to the development of a theory. The rationale for the methodology was that a descriptive, exploratory approach such as grounded theory in conjunction with chronically ill patients' perceptions would enable the language and perceptions of chronically ill patients to emerge (Winkelman, et al., 2005). The design was appropriate because the use of information technology by patients may be beneficial or it can be problematic. What is most lacking in many facilities is the patient's point of view on this technology, and therefore the implementation of technology has been uneven. Patients' own perceptions can clarify its value."

Tags:qualitative, methodology, patient, perceptions, rationale, design, purpose, data, findings

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the pathophysiological mechanisms, symptoms, and general natures of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Medical journals are researched and cited to support the content of the paper.

Abstract
This paper explores the conventional, alternative and combined treatments for irritable bowel syndrome. This paper discusses the risks and benefits associated with each of the therapies, and with a combination of all three therapies.

From the Paper
"Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disorder which affects up to 20 percent of the North American adult population. The condition is characterized by chronic symptoms of pain and changed bowel habits. Irritable bowel syndrome produces a serious impact on quality of life, and also creates an enormous drain on healthcare resources. The use of alternative medicine either alone or in combination with conventional medicine is effective in resolving these issues."

Tags:alternative, conventional, medicine