Abstract
The paper explores the theme of racial identity in these three novels. The similarities in plot are highlighted For example; each novel's plot is centered on a character's attempt to transcend their racial otherness in order to be accepted by American society. The paper concludes with a discussion on Randolph Bourne's essay "Trans-national America", relating it to Morrison's desire to avoid racial hierarchy, and showing how the protagonists of the novels do not fit into this multi-cultural scheme.

From the Paper
"The crisis at the center of Abraham Cahan's story is presented as a conflict between Jake's ethnic past, his racial otherness in America and his ambition to be, in his words, "a Yankee". Early on in the story, Yekl, in his ambition to be an American, changes his name to Jake, because the name Yekl is associated with a Russian past he is not able to "reconcile with the actualities of his American present". Essentially, one cannot be a Russian Jew and an American, to be an American one needs to repudiate their ethnic past. This crisis gets even further developed when Jake's wife arrives from Russia.

To Jake, his wife is an embodiment of the ethnic identity he wishes to efface. When he first sees her off the boat "his heart had sunk at the sight of his wife's uncouth and un-American appearance." For her part, she looks at Jake in his American garb and sees barely a semblance of the man she married. For Cahan, the process of assimilation and Americanization is a process that destroys one's ethnic identity, and the foil of Jake and Gitl illustrates a sort of before and after picture meant to demonstrate that."

Tags:racial, similarities, plot, society, acceptance, Randolph, Bourne, trans-national, hierarchy, protagonists, multi-cultural

Abstract
This paper discusses batch scripting in Unix. Relevant terms and concepts, such as batch files, scripting, and Unix shells are introduced. The advantages of Unix scripting over batch files in an MS-DOS environment are highlighted. The benefits of batch files and the development of batch control systems are examined.

From the Paper
"Scripting in Unix can be used for batch jobs. The purpose of this approach is to create a reliable repetition of a single task ranging from analysis of real data, processing or reprocessing of raw data to final quality data and reconstruction.

"Batch files are a familiar term for those who have used MS DOS in its most basic form and who have background knowledge of the Windows operating system. While working in the DOS environment, it is likely that the one might come across batch files at some point. In the context of an MS DOS environment, a batch file is simply a text file, which contains a list of commands to be executed in sequence. Although, in the batch files created in a DOS environment, a simple level of interactivity exists but they are not capable of offering a rich environment similar to that of a dedicated program that a language like Unix can provide."

Tags:MS-DOS, task, processing, data, shell, csh, Korn, Bourne