Abstract
This paper contends that the American dream has long been a dream bought on credit, rather than something substantiated in fact. The writer discusses how the current housing crisis and credit crunch has blown this bubble, disproportionately affected minority borrowers, and shown that happiness ought not to be determined by things such as home ownership. Success has been equated with material possessions, and thus having the right material objects becomes an objective determinant of an individual's moral worth. The paper concludes that the American dream must shift to one of internal, rather than external moral values and take into account the societal, racial, and class injustices that have created the real America today.

From the Paper
"While credit card companies are partly to blame by marketing to consumers, like college students, who cannot afford to pay even their minimum monthly payments on large balances, the inability of Americans to differentiate between wants and needs is surely to blame as well. America is a nation with no real aristocracy, rather how much you make and your appearance is seen to determine your wealth as a person. Consider perhaps the paradigmatic American novel, The Great Gatsby, where the central bootlegging character creates an image of himself as a great man by buying a house in the right area of Long Island, and wearing the right clothes."

Tags:mobility capitalist entrepreneurship debt, African Americans, image poverty racism

Abstract
This paper focuses on the problems of the companies, which are taken over or in other words bought out. There are numerous small but successful companies, which are seen as a threat, even if a remote one by large companies and therefore are taken over. But what problems the new management or the old employees under the new executive can face. Let's find out.

Abstract
The paper reviews the recent take-over of Hudson's Bay Company by American Jerry Zucker. The paper considers the recent past of the HBC (and why things have gone so disastrously wrong) as well as the stake-holders most affected by the acquisition. The paper also advances the view that the ultimate impact of Zucker's take-over is still impossible to determine with certainty, but that the change of ownership will assuredly lead to a more American-style managerial approach and to a greater emphasis upon individual employee productivity.

Tags:hudson, bay, management

Abstract
This paper explains that both short stories, Nikolai Karamzin's"Poor Liza" and Yordan Yovkov's "Shibil", focus on romantic and idyllic love and yet suggest that love has a material and monetary value. The author points out that, in "Poor Liza", the economy of love subverts Karamzin's ostensibly sentimental worldview. The paper also relates that, in Yobkov's "Shibil", the protagonist's fortune does not suffice to buy Rada's love and his own freedom. The author states that society survives based on supply and demand, but there is always one side that is going to take advantage of the other. The paper concludes that Karamzin and Yovkov suggest that readers keep in mind that love is a temptation; however, without love, there is the no purpose in life.

From the Paper
"The narrative structure in "Poor Liza" imitates Liza and Erast's economic dependency by the comparison of Erast to "hungry Moscow" and Liza to the "bountiful Russian Empire." The story's structure revolves around the development of supply and demand, where love is the item being demanded and supplied. As seen in the beginning paragraphs of "Poor Liza", Liza's comparison to the Russian Empire emphasizes her role as a supplier with a abundant amount of goods: "the most bountiful parts of the Russian Empire ... suppl[ies] hungry Moscow with grain."

Tags:supply demand narrative merchant, class status

Abstract
This paper offers two articles on the way companies create a corporate identity strategically. Firstly, it discusses the purchase of the Fido network by Rogers Wireless, then faced with the need to decide how to handle the new entity and secondly, it discusses the need for a new company to create a corporate identity so as to reach the consumer and make the consumer see the product or service as satisfying some need.

From the Paper
"Rogers Wireless has purchased Microcell Telecommunications, operator of the Fido network, and is prepared to offer lower prices for cellphone service. Fido is a company with a reputation for lower prices, and so there is a need to protect this brand name and to make use of its image in the marketplace to sell the service at lower cost as Rogers wants. Changing the name to Rogers would not make good use of the existing customer image of the company. From a financial standpoint, cellular technology has become more affordable to a wider range of people. "

Tags:corporate, identity, strategy

Abstract
This paper addresses Title I: Employment the Americans with Disabilities Act with the intention of how it has legally impacted the workforce. This paper focuses primarily on the legal statues determining discrimination within the workforce and the work environment and how the ADA has impacted discrimination against disabled employees. Recent cases involving the ADA before the Supreme Court will be presented.

Abstract
This paper looks at the legislation that affected the southern states in the U.S. in particular, the declaration of causes by the seceding states and the widespread division that affected America in the late 1850's. It analyzes the constant pressure faced by the southern states from such quarters as northern politicians, anti slavery groups and the national government at the time.

From the Paper
"The admittance of new states, sectional arguments and the issue of slavery very much dominated American politics during the 1840's and 50's. 1845 saw the admittance of Texas into the Union which was fine for the south but the northern politicians and anti slavery groups saw this as an extension of slavery. But the real dispute would come when the US gained the new territories of New Mexico and California after the war with Mexico. In 1850, California and New Mexico applied to become states of the Union, California was north of the 36 30 line so it would automatically become a free slave state, and the issue of New Mexico would be left unresolved."

Tags:abraham, america, civil, lee, lincoln, rights, war, slavery

Abstract
This paper explains that it is inaccurate to assume that there are no discernible African cultures left in the USA and that, because of the relatively small numbers of slaves bought to such a large country, all traces of African cultures were destroyed. The author points out that enslaved Africans from the same areas tended to be geographically situated together in the U.S. so that they were able to retain aspects of their individual cultures. The paper relates that Sheila Walker takes issue with the notion that European settlers "built" the U.S. and then imported some African slaves to perform manual labor for them. The paper underscores that she believes that the slaves bought to the U.S. were not ignorant, unskilled laborers but rather slave traders deliberately sought out people with skills, which the U.S. needed to help build the country.

Table of Contents:
False Assumptions
The Arguments of Sheila Walker

From the Paper
"She also points out that Africans must have made a major contribution to American society, history and culture, given that they comprised the numerical majority for the duration of the modern history of the Americas, until 1820. For example, out of those coming to the USA in 1820, 3 out of 4 new arrivals were African, not European. With this kind of demographic weight, it follows that the contributions of African minds and cultural presence had to be an important ingredient in the very creation of the Americas. Walker also points out that Howard Dodson backs her up on this theory and that he believes that the transatlantic slave trade played a central, defining role in the making of the modern world."

Tags:euro-centric

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the O.M. Scott leveraged buyout case was an example of 1980s creative financing, in which a large corporation in deep debt was able to not only be bought out by a company it then took over, but gained momentum and credit credibility. The writer further explains that O.M. Scott manufactures, markets and sells lawn care and garden products; and provides garden maintenance services. The writer points out that O.M. Scott & Sons was sold and became a closely held company following the war, when, in 1971, it was bought out by ITT. O.M. Scott & Sons remained within the conglomerate until 1986. In this article, the writer looks at related problems and discusses possible alternative courses of action.

Outline:
Introduction
Background of Company
History
Analysis of Case
Major Problems
Alternative Course of Action
Analysis of Alternatives
Conclusion

From the Paper
"At the end of fiscal 1961, Scott and its subsidiaries had $16.2 million of long-term debt outstanding, $12 million in renewable five-year subordinated notes of the parent company held by four insurance companies and a trustee, and $4.2 million in publicly held bonds owed by Scotts Chemical Plant, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary."
"The governing loan indenture limited the company's maximum outstanding debt to an amount not greater than three times the company's "equity working capital" as of the preceding March 31. The note indenture restricted outstanding subordinated notes to only 60% of maximum allowed debt. The agreement also required that Scott be free of bank debt for 60 consecutive days each year and that the company earn before taxes one and a half times its fixed financial charges, including interest on funded and unfunded debt, amortization of debt discount, and rentals on leased properties."

Tags:capital, buyout, garden, products, debt

Abstract
This paper discusses the way that Chinese culture has been trivialized by Americans due to the commercialization of Chinese cultural objects. The author argues that because sacred symbols in Chinese culture can be bought as t-shirts or tacky items, it detracts from their meaning and leads Americans to perceive these items as kitsch and discusses the implications of this.

From the Paper
"It is common for Americans to decorate their homes or wear clothing with Chinese symbols or objects that would generally be perceived of as kitsch. Many Chinese gift shops sell items that are culturally or religiously significant in China but are not fully understood by Americans and are merely viewed as novelties or decorations. While this phenomenon certainly happens with any cultural symbol entering a foreign society, I believe that it is more common with Chinese objects. Because of the commercialization and commodification of Chinese cultural objects, Americans perceive any form of Chinese art or religious symbols as kitsch. Furthermore, I would argue that buying an item of Chinese kitsch has greater cultural implications than are initially obvious."

Tags:commodification, fetishism