Abstract This paper explains that the control function plays an important role in both management and accounting because it includes a top-bottom flow, where the upper management or higher authorities oversee a certain process and a bottom-top process, when the feedback and follow-up actions come from the lower levels. The author points out that forecasting is essential in a relevant and well set-up expenditure system because forecasting permits the upper management and the decision factors within the company to establish what the financial requirements will be for the company in the next period of time, which creates the necessary premises for a thoroughly established budget. The paper states that the most relevant informational source within the company, which can influence the decision process in preparing future budgets, is the financial report, which lets the decision bodies know how the company is performing at the respective level from a financial point of view.
Table of Contents
Control Function
Forecasting
Performance Measurement
Preparation for Future Budgets
From the Paper "The 4000 Direct Expenses account is where expenses that "will stop when you are not working." Labor and materials are two examples that come to mind in this case. However, there is a long list of indirect expenses that are associated with a business and these are recorded in the 5000 Indirect Expenses account. This are supposed to never go away, but it may often be the case that a manager will discover all kinds of expenditures that were made and were recorded here, expenses which do not necessarily increase the added-value of the company."
Abstract The paper reports on the company and the product "Apple Bottoms Jeans", a line of women's jeans designed by a rapper named Nelly and sold through a distribution company. The paper examines how Nelly designs the clothing and his cousin operates the company. The paper further examines how the company does its own marketing, and the product is sold through an association with the music world, as well as other endorsements and methods of marketing.
From the Paper "Apple Bottom Jeans is a company that has had considerable success in a relatively short period of time. It is also a company with an unusual genesis, having been created by a hip-hop artist who designed a pair of jeans for women and has since marketed those jeans in a very effective manner."
Abstract This paper presents a discussion of challenges in transitioning from a top-down organization into a team oriented organization. It includes leadership responsibility, persuading resistant managers, assisting them in changing their working style, and implications of the change.
From the Paper "Creating a team environment does not entirely obliterate hierarchy. Even parliamentary bodies of equals choose a chairperson and even in informal groups we often find a leader ..."
Abstract This paper discusses both 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' methods of policy implementation and the problems with each. It draws on theorists such as Babel and Lipsky.
From the Paper "Once a decision is made with regard to a policy a method of putting it into effect is required. Implementation is a complex process whereby the means must make the goals achievable. Adding to the confusion is the number of agencies (and therefore individuals) involved. Each of these individuals can have an affect on the outcome that can complicate the process further."
Abstract The paper evaluates Michaels? essay which looks closely at the meaning around the image Thoreau offers of searching for the bottom of the pond without knowing for certain if there was a bottom, since many thought the pond to be bottomless: Michaels finds that Thoreau was a bit muddy on the meaning of pond bottoms.This paper states that Michaels says that the idea of Nature for Thoreau excludes humanity, though this also runs counter to what Thoreau often says. The author believes that the analysis offered by Michaels is convoluted: At best, what he finds might be considered an unconscious reflection of the way Thoreau relates to his search for meaning, but it is not an image that really speaks to the reader or that unifies the work around a central theme as Michaels wants it to do.
From the Paper "Thoreau begins his account of Walden Pond by noting that he is writing in answer to many people who have questioned him about his two-year stay at Walden Pond which otherwise he would not present as a burden to the reader. Thoreau makes it clear from the beginning that he has learned much about life by his stay at Walden Pond and that he will convey what he has learned to his readers. The life he lived in the woods contrasted sharply with the life he saw other men living in towns, young men who had had the misfortune to inherit farms, houses, cattle, and farming tools. Most men, he says, are too occupied with the cares imposed by such ownership that they have no time to be anything other than machines. What Thoreau sees as necessary is to examine life and see what is the true necessaries and means of life, and doing this shows that human beings may seem to have chosen the life they lead, but in fact have done so only because they honestly believe there is no other choice open to them. Thoreau defines "necessary of life" as what is so important we cannot do without it."
An analysis of the book, "Truth, Trust and the Bottom Line", by Diane Tray and William J. Morin, which is about how trust plays a significant role in effective management and good leadership.
Abstract This paper on "Truth, Trust and the Bottom Line" presents a critique on the book written by Diane Tray and William J. Morin. This paper basically outlines the seven steps and the message highlighted by the authors in their book. This paper also highlights various quotes to support its claim.
From the Paper "The authors of the book also go on to explain how trust can be built by following seven steps. The book is ideal for leaders, managers, CEOs and directors who want to learn and improve how to coach and attain feedback. The book primarily outlines a seven step process that explains to the readers, effective ways of deputizing themselves in order to capacitate and retain their employees while accentuating bottom line results while enjoying themselves in the process. The authors have written the book in a manner that captures the heart and mind of its readers, thus resulting in a positively fomenting and reviving undergoing."
Abstract Evaluates a list of 35 top U.S .banks and recommends the top 3 banks for investors. Gives a brief history of bank assets, company structure, etc. Lists reasons for a possible merger between Fifth Third bank and one of the top 3 banks (Citicorp, Bank One, and Deutsche Bank/Taunus Corp.).
An assessment of which presidents qualify as a top five United States presidents, based on the criteria set forth in the book, "Hail to the Chief. The Making and Unmaking of American Presidents" by Robert Dallek.
Abstract This paper uses the criteria established by Robert Dallek in his book "Hail to the Chief. The Making and Unmaking of American Presidents" to determine which presidents of the United States qualify as the top five. Citing Dallek's conclusion that the five characteristics found in the most effective presidents are vision, pragmatism, consensus, charisma and credibility, the paper assesses which presidents possess these qualities and concludes that Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush are the top five U.S. presidents ever.
From the Paper "Dallek points out that the White House today is as removed from Washington's day as space travel is from the horse and buggy, and that the global responsibilities a president faces today actually dwarf those his counterpart encountered in the 1790's, as well as the president's impact on the economic and social life of the country. Because of nuclear weapons, electronic communications, and national and international responsibilities, presidents today are forced to think and act differently than earlier predecessors, however, the elements of compelling leadership have remained unchanged through the years."
Tags: presidential, greatness, american, historians, rate, failure, personality, character
Abstract This paper is on the topic of compensation of top executives. Is the pay for these executives excessive? What laws or legislation have been written concerning this topic?
Abstract This paper relates the subjective opinion of the author, as to which of the US Presidents rated the top five. According to the paper, these five are Thomas Jefferson, Ronald Reagan, Dwight Eisenhower, Franklin Roosevelt, and George H.W. Bush. The paper goes on to justify the selection of the author.
From the Paper "When he became the President in 1953, the US was bogged down in the stalemated Korean War. Some war hawks had expected Eisenhower, the soldier, to escalate the war. Instead, he did the opposite, promptly ending the war with honor. The 1950s were the peak of the Cold War era when nuclear confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union, was a very real possibility. Eisenhower was determined to avoid such a war at all costs, and he did so successfully. Like Reagan, Ike was also a great believer in delegation of powers to competent assistants as he realized that the job of a President had become far too complex for one individual to direct all its details. (Kengor, 1998). Because of his deliberate laid back style, Eisenhower was often erroneously regarded as a lazy, intellectual lightweight. Nothing could have been further from the truth. Just as the "proof of the pudding is in its eating," Ike's presidency "gave America eight good years during which there were no wars, no riots, no inflation--just peace and prosperity." (William Ewald, quoted by Kengor, 1998) His ranking at No. 3 is, therefore, well earned."
Abstract The research proposed in this work centers on the Middle Eastern organization's preparedness or lack of preparedness in addressing the growing problem of a talent shortage evidenced in countries throughout the world. While some countries have proactively prepared for the talent shortage in the workforce, others have not and this seems to be the case in countries in the Middle East. This work proposes research in this area among a sampling of human resource executives in Middle Eastern organizations in the attempt to assess what can and should be done to address the talent shortage problem. An extensive review of literature finds that government and organizations must align with schools and educational institution to promote training and education in order to turnout a higher-skilled and higher-educated workforce for the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Findings of the Study
Recommendations for Future Research
From the Paper "These salary increases however, are primarily at the lower level skills particularly those that are noted to be in the 25 to 50% range with higher level skills employee salary growing within the normal 10 to 12% range over the past decade. Competition for skilled labor is stated to be: "...intense as countries push ahead with ambitious economic development plans..." and this is a time of great opportunities for executives "to shape company decisions and have a tangible impact as compared to larger firms." (Iran International, 2007) One factor spoken of in this same report is what is termed to be: "...the sub-continental pull." One point made in this report is that if companies are to retain employees they must join the movement of offering "timely career opportunities" as well as becoming "much more responsive with their policies towards remuneration and reward in order to attack and retain the most talented professionals." (Ibid) The report concludes by stating that companies need to put talent management and employee development at the top of their corporate priority."
Abstract The paper relates that the lack of a known cause of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) raises the uncertainty of the most effective treatment method. The paper focuses on the two treatments therapists usually opt for; task-oriented interventions (top-down approaches) that teach purposeful goals, or an attempt to treat the underlying motor issues (bottom-up approaches) at the neural and muscular level. The paper points out that, although these therapies benefit the subjects, they do not serve as cures for their significant motor deficits. The paper concludes that this reinforces the need for further research as to the exact cause of DCD.
Outline:
Bottom-Up
Top-Down
Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper "Thirteen years ago, researchers agreed upon including "Developmental Coordination Disorder" (DCD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) (Iversen, Ellertsen, & Tytlandsvik, 2005). Today, a diagnosis of DCD often replaces the previously common assumption that a child who has uncoordinated motor skills is simply clumsy or going through an awkward phase. Approximately 5-8% of children between 5 and 11 years are diagnosed with DCD and therefore have significantly impaired motor function, which interferes with their activities of daily living. While many theories exist regarding the etiology of DCD, such as a secondary result of neuronal damage or neonatal insult, researchers have not defined an exact cause (Barnhart, Davenport, Epps, & Nordquist, 2007)."
Abstract This paper discusses the three most popular curriculum change models, top-down, bottom-up and the partnership model. It explains that while all three have their advantages the partnership model of curriculum change is best suited for the future integration of new delivery formats and educational models. Also, the role of the school is touched upon in the sense that it has become a virtual organization in its own right as well as taking upon itself a greater role in the social positioning of its constituents.
From the Paper "Three of the most predominant models of curriculum change are the top-down model, the bottom-up model, and the partnership based model (Pinar, 2003). The top-down model is based on a body of curriculum that is less vulnerable to change or influence on the part of teaching and other educational staff. The implication being that curriculum is better left to curriculum designers and educational theorists and that educators should have a minimal role in developing, designing, and assigning content to course curriculum. The bottom-up approach to curriculum change arose out of the realization that educational staff, primarily teachers and other educators invariably change curriculum content. This acknowledgement led to the bottom-up approach, which, as its name implies, relies on educators as a primary source of curriculum content. The rationale behind this model for curriculum change is that if educators are given a greater role in course content ..."
Abstract This study examines the knowledge sharing process in order to determine what factors can successfully influence a manager's ability to overcome knowledge deficits and improve an organizations bottom line. Key aspects of knowledge sharing examined in this synopsis include operations management, information management and project management. In addition the researcher defines knowledge sharing as a strategy that contributes to continuous improvement in organizations large and small. For purposes of this study large organizational strategies are considered.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Synopsis of Knowledge Sharing Problem
Project Management
Operations Management
Information Management
Combining Operations, Information and Project Management To Foster Knowledge Sharing
Conclusions
From the Paper "One of the most formidable challenges facing managers is facilitating productive knowledge sharing throughout the organization. Knowledge sharing is the process of exchanging or sharing information and knowledge within an organization in a manner that results in the greatest organizational success. There are many factors that can impede knowledge sharing within an organization. These include: lack of partnership, the lack of desire to seek advice from others or uncover new ways of doing things, failure to understand how useful knowledge might be for others, lack of trust and lack of time (Skyrme, 1). "
