Abstract
This is a 5-page book critique of "Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism" written by Derrick A. Bell Jr.

Tags:BOOK REPORTS - BOOK REVIEWS, faces at bottom

Abstract
The paper explains how both the top-down technique and the bottom-up technique work and highlights their differences. The paper then presents a table of the comparisons between top-down and bottom-up estimating mechanisms. The paper concludes that given the combined advantages and disadvantages of the top-down and bottom-up estimation techniques, it is best for the deciders of a project to use both methodologies in assessing the implications of future endeavors.

Outline:
Introduction
Comparative Analysis of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Estimating Techniques
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"The top-down technique revolves around analyzing the value of the project from the business standpoint. It looks at data from the balance sheet and transforms it into information relevant for the project team. The information can generically be retrieved by any party involved in the project, but most commonly this task belongs to those who possess sufficient experience, marketing information, benchmarking capabilities or any other extra-project characteristics. The estimations are seldom based on concrete and verifiable facts. The bottom-up technique on the other hand analyzes the estimates of the project, retrieved from analyses of the already known facts. The most common fact estimation refers to the amount of work the team will have to put in for the completion of the project."

Tags:budgets, costs, resources, estimates

Abstract
The paper discusses how Paul Collier's vision for rectifying the inequities between rich and poor countries is clear: economic growth among the world's bottom billion inhabitants must be the world's leaders' foremost goal. The paper looks at how Collier's book, "The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done", outlines his recommended process whereby structural changes can be made to balance the economic playing field and allow countries with the lowest economic growth to catch up to the rates of expansion seen in countries such as China and India, who have readily demonstrated, in comparison to land-locked nations in Africa, for example, an ability to see themselves clear of the devastating poverty they faced in the previous century.

From the Paper
"In Paul Collier's vision for rectifying the inequities between rich and poor countries, the path is clear: economic growth among the world's bottom billion inhabitants must be the world's leaders' foremost goal. Collier's book, "The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done", outlines his recommended process whereby structural changes can be made to balance the economic playing field and allow countries with the lowest economic growth to catch up to the rates of expansion seen in countries such as China and India, who have readily demonstrated, in comparison to land-locked nations in Africa, for example,..."

Tags:international, economic, development

Abstract
Using Puck's contention that mortals are fools, this paper argues that of all the characters in Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream", Nick Bottom is the most foolish.

From the Paper
"I think the biggest fool in "A Midsummer Night's Dream" is Nick Bottom. There are a number of reasons for this, like Bottom's penchant for overly dramatic speeches that make him look good or his numerous mistakes in the use of language. His ego and lack of awareness are the two biggest things that make Bottom most foolish of all the characters in my view. He has little idea that he is an awful actor, but his ego is so titanic, he thinks he..."

Tags:love, fairies, Titania, ego, self-awareness

Abstract
This paper gives an analysis and review of Alan Tonelson's 2002 book, "Race to the Bottom. " This paper gives a critique of the disconnect between elite corporatist activity around the world and the decline in American standard of living.

From the Paper
" 'In Race to the Bottom' Tonelson systematically analyzes how the corporatist ethos has come to dominate economic activity in the United States both domestically and around the world. Beginning with a discussion of the vast and growing differential in income and assets between the economic elite and the working and middle classes, Tonelson forcefully argues that the quality of life for most people declined in the last three decades of the 20th century. He describes the breathless enthusiasm with which U. S. corporate elites, reinforced by government policies, have pursued..."

Tags:corporatism, economic, human capital, free trade, income disparity, globalization

Abstract
This paper on "Truth, Trust and the Bottom Line" presents a critique on the book written by Diane Tray and William J. Morin. This paper basically outlines the seven steps and the message highlighted by the authors in their book. This paper also highlights various quotes to support its claim.

From the Paper
"The authors of the book also go on to explain how trust can be built by following seven steps. The book is ideal for leaders, managers, CEOs and directors who want to learn and improve how to coach and attain feedback. The book primarily outlines a seven step process that explains to the readers, effective ways of deputizing themselves in order to capacitate and retain their employees while accentuating bottom line results while enjoying themselves in the process. The authors have written the book in a manner that captures the heart and mind of its readers, thus resulting in a positively fomenting and reviving undergoing."

Tags:steps, highlight

Abstract
The paper explains the concept behind the 3PL framework and uses this triad-based model to evaluate the ethicacy of organizations using personal information for purposes they were entirely unintended for when initially shared. The paper assesses the implications of the 3BL model and also explores the pervasiveness of using social networking-based content. The paper reaches the conclusion that companies must seek to stay in alignment with the intended uses of content on social networking sites and thus alleviate potential lapses in ethical judgment. This paper contains figures.

Outline:
Introduction
Defining the 3PL Model in the Context of Social Networking
Evaluating Interprocess Roles in the 3PL Model and Implications for Social Networking
Proposal for 3BL Framework Alignment with Social Networking

From the Paper
"The economic responsibility areas or as they are often called in the context of the 3BL Model, the economic variables, provide the basis for monetizing the ethicacy of decisions over time (Norman, McDonald, 2004). As has often been discussed in research using the 3BL Model to ascertain the levels of financial contribution adhering to ethical guidelines provides (Stephenson, 2008), theorists have been able to define a causal link of ethicacy to profitability over the long-term as the 3BL Model, in aggregate, significantly reduces risk (Rowe, 2006). In the context then of risk mitigation as it relates to the more judicious and ethically sound use of social networks and the mass of content on them, the economic responsibility area (economic variables) provide one of three benchmarks that define the ethicacy of using social networking content. Economic responsibility within the 3BL model includes the processes companies use to define their unique value propositions (or their differentiation), how efficiency is measured, marketing standards, definitions of competitiveness and the use of marketing metrics, and the measurements used for supply chain performance and pricing. Equally important are the measures of corruption and bribery and their financial implications on any organization (Rowe, 2006). How all these economic responsibility factors define the boundaries of social networking applications' use and the data within them can be defined through a wide spectrum of ethical models, yet the most appropriate given the broadcast nature of every social networking application is utilitarianism."

Tags:utilitarianism, corruption, bribery, trust, transparency

Abstract
This paper is a review of an article that appeared in the Fall 1999 issue of "Marketing Management." The article, called "Customer Delight and the Bottom Line," details the different ways that a company can keep their customers satisfied with their product and service. The article also gives the reader some suggestions that can be adopted by individual businesses to help them keep a competitive edge and maintain their customer base. According to the authors of this article, CUPID (Customer Understanding Processes in Design), is the key to helping the customer stay involved in the development process.

From the Paper
"Management experts have defined the concept of delighting the customers as an attempt to exceed the expectations of the customers and to bring a pleasant surprise to the customers by satisfying even those needs, which are not supposed to be served by that particular service or product. The article further discusses the various models used by the organizations to evaluate their products and services in terms of customer needs. Such models help the organizations in developing their products or services according to the expectations of the customer. In addition to this, the article also recommends several approaches to delight the customers."

Tags:competitition, satisfaction, level, design, needs, cupid, concept, understanding, attributes

Abstract
The paper reports on the company and the product "Apple Bottoms Jeans", a line of women's jeans designed by a rapper named Nelly and sold through a distribution company. The paper examines how Nelly designs the clothing and his cousin operates the company. The paper further examines how the company does its own marketing, and the product is sold through an association with the music world, as well as other endorsements and methods of marketing.

From the Paper
"Apple Bottom Jeans is a company that has had considerable success in a relatively short period of time. It is also a company with an unusual genesis, having been created by a hip-hop artist who designed a pair of jeans for women and has since marketed those jeans in a very effective manner."

Tags:apple, bottoms, jeans

Abstract
The paper evaluates Michaels? essay which looks closely at the meaning around the image Thoreau offers of searching for the bottom of the pond without knowing for certain if there was a bottom, since many thought the pond to be bottomless: Michaels finds that Thoreau was a bit muddy on the meaning of pond bottoms.This paper states that Michaels says that the idea of Nature for Thoreau excludes humanity, though this also runs counter to what Thoreau often says. The author believes that the analysis offered by Michaels is convoluted: At best, what he finds might be considered an unconscious reflection of the way Thoreau relates to his search for meaning, but it is not an image that really speaks to the reader or that unifies the work around a central theme as Michaels wants it to do.

From the Paper
"Thoreau begins his account of Walden Pond by noting that he is writing in answer to many people who have questioned him about his two-year stay at Walden Pond which otherwise he would not present as a burden to the reader. Thoreau makes it clear from the beginning that he has learned much about life by his stay at Walden Pond and that he will convey what he has learned to his readers. The life he lived in the woods contrasted sharply with the life he saw other men living in towns, young men who had had the misfortune to inherit farms, houses, cattle, and farming tools. Most men, he says, are too occupied with the cares imposed by such ownership that they have no time to be anything other than machines. What Thoreau sees as necessary is to examine life and see what is the true necessaries and means of life, and doing this shows that human beings may seem to have chosen the life they lead, but in fact have done so only because they honestly believe there is no other choice open to them. Thoreau defines "necessary of life" as what is so important we cannot do without it."

Tags:muddy, image, reflection, theme, pond