Abstract
This paper is an addition to a thesis that examines the build-operate-transfer (BOT) method of building infrastructure as it is used in Kuwait from a qualitative perspective. Questionnaires were administered to a number of individuals in Kuwait using purposive sampling methods. Problems associated with BOT such as waste, corruption, and unfair bidding practices are among the issues discussed in this thesis. The use of BOT for building the economies of developing nations and transforming them into developed nations is discussed, as are a variety of other issues identified by questionnaire respondents.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview
Problem Definition
Research Objectives
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Method
Thesis Structure
Literature Review
Introduction
Structure of BOT
Advantages and Disadvantages of BOT
Two Cases Why Kuwait Should Use BOT
Literature Gap Questionnaire
References

From the Paper
"One of the most critical needs for developing nations is the creation of basic infrastructure such as electricity, paved roadways, highways, bridges, potable water, telecommunications and other amenities that are vital to establishing and sustaining ..."

Tags:BOT, build-operate-transfer, Kuwait, Middle East, Gulf states, wasta, corruption, government, bidding, selection, BOT projects, infrastructure, roadway, railway, developing country, developing nation, developed nation, economy, questionnaire, qualitative

Abstract
This is a modification on a thesis on the use of BOT for building infrastructure in Kuwait. In this article, the writer looks at advantages and disadvantages of BOT, concentrating on building infrastructure in Kuwait.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview Problem
Definition Research
Objectives
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Method
Thesis
Structure
Literature Review

From the Paper
"One of the most critical needs for developing nations is the creation of basic infrastructure such as electricity, paved roadways, highways, bridges, potable water, telecommunications and other amenities that are vital to establishing and sustaining ..."

Tags:BOT, Kuwait, Middle East, infrastructure

Abstract
This paper explores data warehousing in terms of data mining with intelligent agents such as bots and ants and clarifies the ethical dilemma posed by the use of such data.

From the Paper
" Data warehousing is no longer simply a storage system for data. Today's data warehousing involves innovative technological software, automated agents known as intelligent agents robots-or bots and ants. These agents ..."

Tags:data warehousing, data mining, intelligent agents, robots, bots, ants, personalization, ethics

Abstract
This paper examines how using the knowledge of computer technology to commit various illegal acts has risen over the years and in particular focuses on identity theft. It looks at how high-tech means of identity theft include methods like backdoor entries, use of bots, hacking, and phishing, and suggests preventive steps to stop it occurring, such as cautious use of the internet.

From the Paper
"Credit card fraud is one of the most commonly used identity thefts. In this case, the thief calls up a credit card company claiming to be the victim and informs them about a change in the mailing address of an account which already exists. Alternatively, the thief can open an entirely new credit card account in the name of the victim. Now the thief can start using the credit card to buy goods or services without paying for them. Since the bills are now sent to another address, the victim does not even come to know that his credit card information has been stolen and is being misused. The second most common type of identity theft is the phone and utilities fraud which occurs when a thief signs up for services like cell phone services, long distance services, and other utilities in the name of the victim. The third category of identity theft involves bank accounts. Here, an identity thief opens an account in a bank in the name of the victim...."

Tags:internet, fraud, credit, card

Abstract
The paper examines the topic of criminally motivating hacking referred to by computer professionals as "cracking." The paper examines the current methods used, the degree of sophistication of malicious programs and the rising use of rootkit "bots" that literally hijack computers to do the cracker's bidding and are almost impossible to detect.

From the Paper
"The days of the prodigal teenager computer- geek breaking into a presumably "well" protected network system as a prank has gone the way of the 5- inch floppy disk. Boasting rights in a virtual subterranean world of peers generally were behind such intrusions. Few if any "hackers" as they called themselves thought of the consequences of their acts: the disrupted services and systems downtime they may inadvertently have triggered. Most were simply immature, a few malicious. To be called a hacker back then was to be paid a compliment. It meant simply that you were a very good programmer (Palmer 2001, p. 769). It is the "black hat" variant of hacking--the criminal exploitation of one's programming skills that has become a worldwide menace and earned its practitioners the derogatory label "cracker.""

Tags:cracker, hacker, malware

Abstract
This paper explores and analyzes the concept of political failure in Machiavelli's "The Prince" and Hobbes's "The Leviathan."The paper explains that bot theorists were products of turbulence and shared the view of inevitable chaos or other dissolution without particular approaches taken to government, which placed great weight on the ruler. For example, "The Prince" attends a great deal to the proper conduct of a prince as opposed to a tyrant, as the latter will forever fail; for Hobbes, a symbolic sovereign and recognition of most basic, even base, human nature were essential, the individual made aware that compromise allowed the stability in which to pursue self-interested objectives.

From the Paper
"Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) can be assessed as theorists influenced by direct exposure to political failure and its resulting chaos. As a young man, Machiavelli experienced the 1498 French invasion of Florence and the flight of the Medici family, and much of his subsequent career transpired as a politician at the Florentine court, then as a diplomatic envoy to other of the Italian states, France and Germany. He knew the business of politics for what it was, and knew ..."

Tags:hobbes, machiavelli, political failure

Abstract
This paper examines the role of Iranian oil wealth and politics in the development of the Iranian nation. The paper presents bot the mercantilist and economic liberal perspectives of international political economy.

From the Paper
"Nikki Keddie described post-revolutionary Iran as a country in which a theocracy based upon Shi'i Islamic thought has come into being in part as a reaction against secularization and in part as a response to the Pahlavi regime. Since Shah Reza Mohammad Pahlavi was overthrown by forces inspired by the Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran has undertaken a program of nation-building, regional activism and economic development that emerges almost exclusively from Islam."

Tags:Iran, politics, oil

Abstract
This paper discusses the growth of e-commerce and explores the different applications that were developed for use in e-commerce. One of these, XML, is explored in detail, including its development, its advantages over HTML for e-commerce, and the companies that first used it. The paper discusses the advantages of e-commerce and conversely, e-commerce's failures.
Contents: Early Application Developments for E-commerce; XML; Primary & Early Users of Leading Edge Applications; Development of Products by Businesses and Industries; Leaders and Followers; Applying Technologies to Business Problems and Solutions; Successes and Failures; The Future; Vision

From the Paper
"Among the more recent application developments for the web is the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) designed to improve the functionality of the Web by providing more flexible and adaptable information identification. (?The XML FAQ,? Jan 2002). The flexibility and extensibility of XML are very significant features since at present further development of the Web is held back by important constraints due to dependence on a single inflexible document type-HTML (the Hypertext Mark-up Language most frequently used on the web) which is already stretched to the limit with over-use and has severe limitations for data transfer and storage."

Tags:b2c, b2b, W3C, bots, VPN, SGML, Amazon.com, e-bay, Dell, Checkfree, Corp, Intel, Microsoft, Intuit, online, browser, software, web

Abstract
The paper discusses how email has changed everyone's lives, making communication easier and faster - but it comes with an evil twin, the annoyance of constant spam. The paper describes how millions of people are forced to waste their time every day, dealing with unwanted adverts that pour into their email in-trays. The paper then relates that many of these frustrated people would be horrified to discover that these spam emails are not even sent by a human being - they are sent by botnets! The paper explains that these are collections of software robots that are autonomous, and that usually live illicitly on unsuspecting people's computers, and spend their time in illicit operations, such as sending out spam.

From the Paper
"Email has changed everyone's lives, making communication easier and faster - but it comes with an evil twin, the annoyance of constant spam. Millions of people are forced to waste their time every day, dealing with unwanted adverts that pour into their email in-trays. Many of these frustrated people would be horrified to discover that these spam emails are not even sent by a human being - they are sent by botnets! These are collections of software robots that are autonomous, and that usually live illicitly on unsuspecting people's computers, and spend their time in illicit..."

Tags:bot, nets, spam