Abstract
This paper refers to Marcel Danesi and others who study phonology in relation to linguistics on loanwords and borrowing between English and Chinese (both Mandarin and Cantonese are mentioned as examples). The paper discusses the results of loanwords when they are adopted, the borrowing for a purpose, ease, or by acquired habit and the integration of adaptations creating new dialects in some cases.

From the Paper
"English and the Chinese languages of Mandarin and Cantonese have long histories of borrowing words from other languages as discussed by Marcel Danesi, particularly, in cases of `necessary' loanwords when there is no conceptual equivalent. (2008:133) Other borrowing occurs when a speaker employs a term from a second language to avoid the effort of explaining a meaning. The history of English abounds in adaptations of words borrowed from Latin, French and Greek including the French that was spoken by the Normans who invaded the British Isles from northwestern France in 1066."

Tags:danesi, loanwords, phono linguistics

Abstract
This paper explains that, in today's world of information, it is very common for borrowed words, such as Japanese "sushi" or American-English "supermarket", to be adopted as a part of the lexicon of several languages. Every language, the author explains, borrows words because of either the lack of lexical items in the recipient language or the desire for prestige of the dominant donor language. The paper describes and analyzes the Thai language for linguistic features such as not only lexical borrowed items but also certain sound patterns, morphemes, syntactic structures, semantic meanings and orthography.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Lexical Borrowing in Thai
Table: Some Characteristics of Thai Lexicon
Phonological Borrowing
Figure: Two-Way Models of Phonological Borrowing
Morphological Borrowing
Syntactic Borrowing
Semantic Borrowing
Orthographic Borrowing
Figure: Thai Consonant Symbols
Figure: Thai Vowel Symbols
Figure: Thai Tone Marks
Figure: Thai Special Diacritics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"As I have introduced earlier, when words are borrowed, the pronunciation also changes. It is remodeled to the conventions of the borrowing language; this process is called by Campbell "adaptation", a foreign sound in borrowed words which does not exist in the receiving language will be replaced by the nearest phonetic equivalent to it in the borrowing language. In the case of Thai language, we can obviously see that a lot of foreign loanwords in Thai have gone through the adaptation process. And there are several results come out of the process."

Tags:dominant monosyllabic morphemes phonological, syntactic structures

Abstract
The paper discusses borrowing versus independent invention as explanation of dramatic features of early civilizations, such as writing systems or the pyramids of Egypt and Mexico. The paper argues that the great weight of evidence and probability favors independent development of the major features of ancient civilizations.

From the Paper
"The great early civilizations exert a continuing fascination. Their physical monuments often still imposing after thousands of years set these civilizations off from other early societies and testify to their ability to harness human energy in all its forms and on an enormous scale. Sometimes we sense a haunting similarity among these achievements; pyramids, states and laws, the first writing systems. A widespread belief has developed supported by popular speculative writers, though largely rejected by professional archeologists and historians, that these..."

Tags:civilization, invention, China, Egypt, mesopotamia, egypt, mesoamerica, pyramids, law, writing, chariot, empire

Abstract
This paper studies the family members and dynamics in two American novels about marooned families. The paper compares the personalities and character traits of the matriarchs and patriarchs, as well as the children. Another similarity discussed is the scenes in which the families are forced to venture into unknown territory in order to survive. The paper also illustrates how both books reinforce the traditional values of the nuclear family. In fact, the paper concludes that the most important lesson from these books is that the family will pull together to surmount obstacles and to counteract adversity.

From the Paper
"The Robinsons reached their unlikely new home when they were shipwrecked on their way to settle in a place that was not their home. We are not told how the Borrowers came to be living under the floor, but we do find out that at one time there was a colony of Borrowers, some of whom were extended family, living in the same house. Both environments require the participation of both mother and father to survive. In both, the father leaves the home every day to obtain the things necessary for survival. In both, the mothers stay home and prepare meals, provide clothing and keep the home comfortable and clean. In both, the home - no matter how undesirably located - is a haven for the family, the place where they feel safe and where they enjoy each other's company."

Tags:marroon, shipwreck, island, survival, parents, children

Abstract
This paper includes a discussion of credit cards, auto and mortgage loans, and education loans.

From the Paper
"Paul Monette, in Borrowed Time: an AIDS Memoir, writes about the last nineteen months of his lover Roger Horwitz's life, after Roger was stricken with AIDS. This study will focus on the love between the two men, rather than on the terrible disease which brought their relationship to an end on this earth. The book can certainly be read as simply another work about AIDS, but when one sees first that the author is writing out of a focus on love for Roger and for their time together rather than out of a focus on the disease which tore them apart and killed Roger.

Of course, it is especially difficult to focus on the love when so much that goes on between Paul and Roger has to do with the disease and its effects. This is especially true when the reader realizes that the book's beginning and end refer to the fact that the author himself is carrying the virus that killed.."

Tags:BOOK, REVIEWS, (NON-FICTION)

From the Paper
"n Borrowed Time: an AIDS Memoir, Paul Monette grounds his political and ethical arguments in a profoundly personal and painful story about the last year and a half of the life of his lover Roger Horwitz, after Roger is stricken with AIDS. The love of the two men for one another, and the suffering they endure together and separately, are the cornerstones of the author's efforts to expose the political and ethical realities of the wider, social, and global struggle against AIDS.

Monette clearly knows that human beings as individuals and in groups are moved to political action not by a recitation of ethical theory or statistical analysis but rather by emotional involvement, by compassion and empathy. He knows, and demonstrates in this book, that the injustices involved with the AIDS crisis can be expressed best through personalizing the..."

Tags:disease, book, review

Abstract
This paper considers the case of Lawrence Sports and addresses the capital management of the company as it tries to maintain business relations and still improve payables and receivables. Borrowing needs are addressed as well as the need to address needs ethically. The optimal solution suggested is to speed up receivables and slow down payables so that all partnerships are maintained with everyone feeling a bit more (but not too much) pain.

From the Paper
Capital Management Introduction Lawrence Sports is a sports equipment manufacturer with $20 million in revenues. Its primary customer is the distributor Mayo Stores. It sources all of its materials from Gartner products and Murray Leather Works. Through negotiated payment plans with each of these business partners Lawrence has established a capital management process that, at present, is failing to produce optimal results. In fact, if the process continues as it has during the month of April, the company could be driven into bankruptcy. This report is designed to address the current problems with

Tags:capital, management, business

Abstract
This research report addresses the main reasons why EFCU has encountered a decline in membership and what is prompting people to borrow from other financial bodies. In order to better understand these reasons, however, the paper first looks at why people are initially attracted to credit unions instead of commercial banks and the principles that guide the growth of credit unions. The report is based on a survey of EFCU members, which was conducted through mailed questionnaires.

From the Paper
"This has been a major setback for most federal credit unions including EFCU the number of its members has decreased and many existing members prefer commercial banks to meet their loan requirements. While the governmental regulations are certainly playing a dominant role in poor performance of credit unions in last few years, we must not forget how banking industry has persistently forced the government to develop such legislation. The worst part is that due to this persistent challenges, market share of credit unions came down to 12% in 1995 from 13% in 1980 while that of bans increased from 50 to 56% during these fifteen years."

Tags:regulations, government, business, join, lower, rates, loans, not-for-profit, credit, union, membership, access, act, borrowing

Abstract
This paper examines the government's different fiscal policies and their affect on the national economy of the country. The paper begins with a definition of fiscal policy and continues with a discussion of the different ways a government finances its programs, or policies as they are known. Some of the topics covered include taxation and the affect of borrow on a government's ability to protect its natural resources. The author also discusses the affects of these policies in today's world, where a government's actions not only affects other governments, but can influence the success or failure of individual companies worldwide.

From the Paper
"In addition to this, the borrowings made by the government are also a part of the government's policy to mange national resources. These policy variables have profound implications on country's monetary policy and on the GDP growth rate as well. In developed societies like that of the United States, governments are facing a number of challenges and solutions to most of these challenges are in conflict with each other. At one hand, it may be trying to minimize the effect of a recession and to smooth out the national income and at the same time it will be taking initiatives intended to achieve particular social objectives but need some additional resources that may further bring down the national income."

Tags:policy, fiscal, Macro, economics, national, taxation, borrowings, financial, revenue, gdp, goods, services, united, states, society