Abstract
This paper explores the outlook of Jose Luis Borges on the role of the writer in his native Argentina. In the paper, he asks what are the Argentine traditions,responding that they are all of Western culture, which he finds alarming. It is clear that Borges is here aligning his home tradition with the values of Western culture, though it also appears that he is elevating Argentinian expression to a higher plane and stating that his people have more right to this tradition than do others.

From the Paper
"Jose Luis Borges considers the role of the writer in his native Argentina. He first asks what are the Argentine traditions and then states, I believe our tradition is all of Western culture, and I also believe we have a right to this tradition, greater than that which the inhabitants of one or another Western nation have . . . For that reason I repeat that we should not be alarmed and that we should feel that our patrimony is the universe; we should essay all themes. . . (Borges 185) It is clear that Borges is here aligning his home tradition with the values of Western culture, though it also appears that he is elevating Argentinian expression to a higher plane and stating that his people have..."

Tags:borges, argentine, writer

Abstract
The paper looks at the theme of existence in short stories written by Donald Bartholomew, Jorges Borges and Huraki Murakami. While many of the characters seem to negotiate and struggle with life and death, they invariably are unable to explain the feeling of non-existence with their own lives. This problem arises when the question of reality is brought forth and what meaning life truly has within their actions and behaviors in society. Each work is analysed and the paper looks at the how the questions asked and the philosophical points of view advocated in each story relate to the issue of non-existence and existence.

From the Paper
"This literary study will examine the theme of existence within the short story works of Jorges Borges, Huraki Murakami, and Donald Barthelme. In three short story selections by each author, one can realize the question of existence that appears within the various characters that narrate through the tales. In this manner, many of the characters portray the theme of non-existence (or existence) within their environments, and through the tenants of individual experience. In essence, these three authors present questions and philosophical points of view that relate to the problem of non-existence and existence within their lives. In the short story "The Airplane" Murakami creates a dialogue that relates a man's view of woman that he is having an affair with. In many ways, she appears ordinary, but remains stoic in her attitude.."

Tags:murakami, borges, barthelme

Abstract
In this paper, the writer contends that a common thread throughout the works of writer Jorge Luis Borges is a distrust of order, predictability and linearity as related to memory. To illustrate this contention, the writer examines short stories by Borges: "Funes the Memorious", "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius", and "The Circular Ruins". The paper concludes that Borges reads as being averse to totalizing order, which creates a complex literary oeuvre that charms and yet disturbs the reader, which thus offers new paths to understanding this world.

From the Paper
"Borges also challenges the merit of the imagination and the danger of reliance upon memory in "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius". This story is a sustained portrayal of imagination through Borges' traditional short-story format. It tells the tale of an imaginary country created by an underground society of individuals. This country, Uqbar, is a small part of a world called Tlon, created by the Orbis Tertius, or secret creators."

Tags:extremes, reductio ad absurdum, minimalist faculties trickery

Abstract
This paper examines how Jorge Luis Borges' famous short story "The Garden of Forking Paths" circles around the subject of time. The paper asserts that Borges writing styles lives in the now. The paper also adds that, although there are references to the past in the story, they do not serve to describe history, but rather to question it. The paper concludes that Borges uses the ideas of living in the moment or "carpe diem" in his writing, as a literary tool, which he uses to contradict the past.

From the Paper
"Another technique I noticed in Borges writing is that everything he writes is a rising moment up until the point of the climax. Like I mentioned in the previous paragraph, Borges refuses to give us any back story. Often times however, the back story can be trivial to the story itself, resulting in boredom or useless information that, sometimes, can limit the progress of the story. I am not saying that stories with a past or explanation of history are boring, on the contrary, but, Borges writing style allows him to be able to write in such a way that allows the reader to skip the formalities and move right along to the substance of the story. Upon my reading and analysis of "The Garden of Forking Paths", I perceive that Borges is trying to force us to live in the now, and teach us that the information we are given will be sufficient enough to create, continue, and end a story. Even though the reader still has questions, it is inconsequential to know, because perhaps even if we did, it wouldn't make a difference in the long run."

Tags:literary, technique

Abstract
This paper compares the novels of Calvino's 'Invisible Cities' to Borges' 'The Library of Babel.' It summarizes the stylistic and thematic similarities between the work of the great Argentine, Borges and the postmodern Italian, Calvino. The author illustrates how these writers seeks to emphasize the reader in their stories.

From the Paper
"Striking parallels exist between the work of Italo Calvino and the great Argentine, Jorge Luis Borges. To begin with, both writers, as John Barth deftly summarizes, "wrote in a clear, straightforward, unmannered, but rigorously scrupulous style," (Barth, 2) or, as Mclaughlin put it: "the brevity that encompasses infinity" (Mclaughlin, 108). They preferred the laconic short take, and even Calvino's longer works are "modular and combinatory, built up from smaller, quicker units" (Barth, 2). They were prevailingly disinclined to social/psychological realism, favoring "myth and fable and science in Calvino's case, literary/philosophical history and "the contamination of reality by dream" in Borges' case" (Barth, 2). In keeping with typically postmodern tendencies, "both writers inclined toward the ironic elevation of popular narrative genres," as well as the "ironic recycling of stock images" (Barth, 2-3). Finally, Barth explains how both of these brilliant authors managed to combine in their fiction the values he calls "Algebra" and "Fire," referring to formal ingenuity and passion. Two works that exemplify all of these characteristics are Calvino's Invisible Cities and Borges' The Library of Babel. These two works provide a suitable platform for discussion of some of the most salient themes and formal characteristics associated with these renowned authors."

Tags:Argentine, postmodern, Italian, novels

Abstract
This paper discusses the book "The Book of Sand" by Jorge Borges about a man who buys the infinite book and becomes haunted with the idea that something can exist with no beginning and no end. His obsession grows and begins to take over his life. Eventually he realizes what the book is, causing him to finally hide it and with its removal, the man feels better though forever changed. This paper analyzes the obsessions and desperate emotions and describes how similar they are to the crippling effect that a forbidden love affair can have.

From the Paper
"He cannot bear to share the book with anyone; for fear that the book will no longer hold its magical esteem once others know about it. As if suddenly the book will no longer be infinite, and he will lose what has become the focus of his life. Those desperate emotions are like the crippling effect that a forbidden love affair can have as if the passion I feel will no longer exist if someone knows about the affair. As if the love I feel for the other person will cease once the love has been shared with the world. As if the love I feel will be taken from me by its rightful owner."

Tags:infinite, book, haunted, life, sleep, library, love, lust

Abstract
This paper explains that Jorge Luis Borges is a novelist known for using subjects that question God's existence and essence of life and that these themes appear in his short story, "The Lottery in Babylon". The author points out that, in the story, which is told in the first person point-of-view, the narrator is part of what is happening within the story but, despite his understanding of the people, cannot fathom the addiction of the community people to the lottery. The paper relates that "Lottery in Babylon" is full of symbolism and metaphors. For example, the term 'lottery' represents taking chances and the term 'company' represents God. The paper includes several quotations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
"The Lottery in Babylon" - An Analysis
Plot
Theme
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Lottery, as seen by the narrator's eyes, has undergone various evolutions. First, it was just like a very simple game played by the commoners. Then, the number of people who loved playing it increases, hence the rules of the game was changed. At first, the lottery only involves rewards that would be received by, of course, the winner. But when the game was eventually changed, punishments and irrelevant rewards were introduced. When still more and more people continue playing the game, the rules regarding the people who could join the game also changed."

Tags:narrator, game, themes, metaphors, addiction

Abstract
This twelve page undergraduate paper compares the modes of magical realism used by Laura Esquivel to those used by Borges. While there are similarities, the attitudes of the authors result in profound contrasts, primarily in terms of gender and philosophical outlook.

Abstract
This paper compares the different essays dealing with the issue of time. It explains that Borges's essay provides a beautiful backdrop from which to discuss the literary use of a nonlinear time construct. The bending of time in "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession," by Algernon Blackwood, provides an interesting way for the authors to invite the reader into a twisted world of endless possibilities.

From the Paper
"Many people think of time as a linear construct: yesterday, today, tomorrow, but what if it was possible to warp that construct? It would be nothingness, like a clock without hands, leaving open a wide range of possibilities: traveling back and forth, seeing past present, and future converge into a single moment, or just being a thing of fiction created by the minds of people. Time, then, would be like a maze; the past, present, and future would come together as one, creating an almost endless array of possibilities for outcomes of events and interactions. This idea of nonlinear time is captured in the essay "A New Refutation of Time," by Jorge Luis Borges and the stories "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession," by Algernon Blackwood."

Tags:algernon, blackwood, borges, constructs, jorge, luis, nonlinear, time

Abstract
The paper offers an examination of Jorge Luis Borges' short story "The Garden of Forking Paths." The paper discusses its central themes and how the characters and structure of the work illustrate them.

From the Paper
""The Garden of Forking Paths" Jorge Luis Borges' short story. "The Garden of Forking Paths" is the story of Dr Yu Tsun, a spy in the services of the German army during WWII. Tsun is charged with discovering the town where the British are hiding an artillery encampment. Once he knows the name of the town, Albert, he figures out a plan to inform the Germans of the name of the town."

Tags:time, space, identity, choice, moment, dimension, destiny, culture, the, other, Borges