Abstract
This paper looks at business cycles and how these effect economic busts and booms. The author looks at the way that various aspects in the economy are related to economic fluctuations in a complex way and argues that a simple cause and effect explanation is not sufficient to explain the relationship. An examination of various issues that may effect economics such as population changes, monetary shifts and supplies.

From the Paper
"We are all so accustomed to fluctuations in the economy - that roller coaster effect of bust and boom that we are currently on the downside of - that we may forget to ask ourselves what causes these rises and falls in the economic life of our community and our country. For of course the economy is not a natural phenomenon like the shifting of the seasons and the cycle of the tides - events caused by biological and chemical constants. The economy shifts and undulates in accord with human variables. This paper examines the concept of economic booms and busts and how these are related to business cycles, arguing that the connection between boom and bust and business cycle is a complex one not well explained by a simple, linear model of cause and effect."

Tags:economy, fluctuate, population, finance, money

Abstract
This study examines the validity of the ACSM prediction equation for estimating oxygen consumption during submaximal cycling in aerobically trained males. The alternate hypothesis of this study is that the estimated vs. actual VO2 during submaximal cycle ergometry would be similar from 50-200 W. A secondary focus analyzes and compares the accuracy of the equation between two distinct groups of subjects (trained male cyclists vs. aerobically-trained male non-cyclists).
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The results of this study suggest that the ACSM cycle ergometry prediction equation is most accurate at moderate workloads (~100-150 W). Furthermore, training status has no effect on the predictive value of the equation. Further studies on the effects of training habitus should be fashioned to include a larger sample with greater distinction in training volume, i.e. cycle ~200 miles/week vs. sedentary. Based on the current sample size, subtle differences are very difficult to observe. However, this study provides a strong basis for the direction of future research in this area."

Tags:cycle, cyclist, egometry

Abstract
This paper describes the impact of organizational life cycle on management philosophies and practices. It explains the significant management challenges during each of the stages of the organization (start-up, growth, maturity and decline). It describes how one might responded to those challenges.

From the Paper
Organization Life Cycle Introduction Bill Blundon and Allen Bonde in Information Week note that when it comes to managing a company change is the rule ratherthan the exception It is an organization's success in managing changethat differentiates the well managed and successful companies from theirless successful competitors Constant change in the internal and externalbusiness environment requires continual improvements by the organization Successful corporations are willing and able to change and are willing todo so in order to stay competitive Many companies rely

Tags:organizational life cycle, management philosophies and practices, management challenges, stages of the organization, start-up, growth, maturity and decline

Abstract
This paper describes how a family of origin functioned during family life cycle events and tasks. Considers aspects such as degrees of assimilation and adaptation, differentiation, boundary adjustment, shifting of roles and establishment of family rules. The paper gives attention to particular events that challenge a family of origin during a phase of development. The essay shows that we can apply developmental thinking to a family system. The important points discussed are as follows:, clear introduction and focus, clear concise reporting and observations, demonstrated understanding of developmental tasks and events.

From the Paper
"This paper describes how a family of origin functioned during family life cycle events and tasks. The events tasks selected are those of having young children, dealing with adolescence, launching children from the home, and being confronted with the empty nest phenomenon. The family of origin, Family Y, consists of a traditional nuclear family. They have been married for years and have three children, two girls and a boy, which are now adults."

Tags:Family, Life, Cycle

Abstract
This paper discusses family life cycle assessment related to the film "American History X", including intervention suggestions. The paper describes the family, influences on the main characters and tragic results of the lack of therapy.

From the Paper
"When Derek Vinyard returns after several years in prison during which he has been brutally raped by his putative skinhead brothers and befriended and protected by a Black inmate, he uses his influence to persuade his younger brother Danny to give up his affiliation with the Disciples of Christ (DOC) Aryan supremacy gang that he himself helped create. Having spent time in counseling with Dr Sweeney, Derek has come to the realization that he has an obligation to assist his..."

Tags:family life cycle, assesment, American History X

Abstract
This paper explains the benefits of using a system development life cycle methodology (SDLC) for implementing a management information system. The paper describes the various options for a MIS and explains why the model of an SDLCs is preferred.

From the Paper
"A system development life cycle SDLC is the overall process of developing information systems through a multistep process, from investigation of initial requirements through analysis, design, implementation and..."

Tags:systems development life cycle methodology, SDLC, benefits, management information system, top-down design

Abstract
This paper explains the theory behind the carnot cycle. It also goes through the influence of Nicholas-Leonard-Sadi Carnot, William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), and Rudolf Clausius. The paper includes pictures and diagrams as supplements to the text.

From the Paper
"All of the heat input is supplied at a single high temperature and all the heat output is rejected at a single lower temperature. The Carnot cycle is completely reversible since there are no "one way" processes such as explosions or throttling actions. The isothermal and adiabatic processes of the Carnot cycle are idealizations of actual processes. The direction of either process may be reversed by only a slight change in the external pressure. In addition, there is no friction present and the working substance is always extremely close to equilibrium."

Tags:carnot, clausius, cycle, engine, heat, kelvin, lord, rudolf

Abstract
This paper studies Erik Erikson's life cycle stage development theory. The paper applies the eights stages of Erikson's model to the life history of a retired 69-year-old male accountant.

From the Paper
"My interpreter is named Don Weldon, a 69 year-old retired accountant who is divorced with one male son. Mr. Weldon worked for Penn State University for over thirty years and resides in State College Pennsylvania in the summers and Lakeland Florida in the winter..."

Tags:Erikson, life cycle, stage development, friends, family, life history, human growth

Abstract
This paper discusses that, after a two-month long oil strike, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is assuring voters and foreign investors that the Venezuelan economy is on track to rebound but economic; but, geopolitical indicators point to a prolonged aftershock for Venezuela and the region. The author points out that the country's overdependence on oil has overexposed the economy to the high volatility in oil prices and the resultant "booms and busts" of the oil industry cycle. The paper reveals another problem: Chavez' s handling of the strike risks tarnishing Venezuela's reputation as one of the regions more stable democracies.

From the Paper
"Venezuela is also in the midst of a difficult restructuring of its foreign debt, which totals $23 billion, leaving it less flexibility in the use of its reserves. President Chavez stated at the end of March that the country would be able meet its $2 billion in foreign debt obligations in 2003 and stave off any defaults. An important component of the foreign debt refinancing is the country's intention to issue a voluntary bond swap. A credit default would jeopardize the security exchange and could trigger further defaults."

Tags:strike, rebound, dependency, debt, volatility

Abstract
This paper explains that the issues surrounding the massive Canadian Arctic region vary but have a direct impact on sovereignty and circumpolar cooperation of countries with respect to environmental issues. The paper then discusses these issues and how they put Canadian sovereignty at risk. The paper argues that must assert a presence in the Arctic region to prevent damage to a very sensitive and valuable ecosystem. By pressuring the international community not to make the Northwest Passage an international strait, Canada will achieve its goal.

From the Paper
"The idea of military influence in the north was not only seen in this era. The Cold War, in the post World War Two era focused on the two super powers of the United States and Soviet Union. Because of their nearness to one another circumpolarly, the United States developed the Distance Early Warning system, better known as DEW. The DEW system was a development of a series radar station in the far northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast and Alaska. It was set up to detect incoming Soviet bombers and missiles during the Cold War."

Tags:pipelines, non renewable resources, cooperation transboundary, boom bust cycle