Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the geomorphology of the Bonnechere caves in Eastern Ontario. Particularly, the paper examines the landscape features of the Bonnechere Caves and looks at what that appears to tell us about the forces acting upon the caves, the Bonnechere River and upon the Ottawa-Bonnechere corridor more commonly known as the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben. The writer then enters into a more detailed discussion of the formation of the caves themselves and how they have evolved over time. In the final analysis, the writer maintains that the Bonnechere Caves need to be situated within their proper geo-morphological context; that is to say, they must be understood as being - however notable - simply a simulacrum of enormously powerful tectonic and climactic shifts that re-formed the topography of Eastern Ontario long before the first humans arrived in the area.

From the Paper
"Continuing onward, the landscape of the region also offers a peek at the isolation and undisturbed existence of the area for many millennia. To wit, given the geographic distance of the Bonnechere Caves, even today, from large metropolitan areas, it may be inferred that the landscape of the region was daunting and thus rarely penetrated by human beings; more than that, the boreal woodlands of the area were of such a nature that sedentary communities would have been largely impossible prior to the nineteenth century. Seen in that light, the pristine condition of the Bonnechere Caves until well into the nineteenth century is a tribute to the ability of natural geography to protect vulnerable ecologies and subterranean worlds from the depredation of humans."

Tags:valley, Ontario, rocks, marble, landscape

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the process of team formation with specific reference to the process in the context of project management. The paper applies the well know model advocating the form, storm, norm, perform and adjourn model of team formation and disillusion in order to analyze the process in practice. Each of these individual aspects is discussed and analyzed independently. Then, this approach is compared to Lewin's three stage change model. The paper notes that the form, storm, norm and adjourn model represents a model of team formation which is as relevant to the project team as it is to any other team based activity. It concludes by noting, however, the special limitations of the project environment which may mean that the successful completion of a project relies on the ability of the group to quickly move through the form and storm stages so as to allow speedier movement to the more productive norm and perform stages.

Outline:

Introduction
Stages of Team Formation - Form, Storm, Norm, Perform and Adjourn
Projects and Teams as a Part of Change Management
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The form stage of the project and team building may be seen in the coming together of the team in the first place. The formation stage may be seen as having a reference to be both hard and soft elements of the teams formation. The hard elements refer to the physical elements such as the people, resources and structures adopted for the duration of the project. On there other hand there are the initial behavioural consideration to consider which may be seen as relating to the soft elements of the process (Huczynski and Buchanan 2007).
"The form stage of team building is characterised by polite behaviour of members and uncertainty, as members have yet to either find their positions within the group. On the other hand the stage is too early for members to have begun to exert there true personalities on the team which comes at the next stage."

Tags:project management, team formation, process of team formation

Abstract
The topic of "state formation" is one of the central theoretical and practical concerns in the fields of political science and international relations. This has become particularly important in recent years with popular attention on the issue of "failed states" (e.g., Yugoslavia, Afghanistan) and how these have negatively impacted the wider international community. This paper will discuss the topic of state formation with comparative reference to the contexts of Europe, Africa and Latin America. As will be seen, the central focus on Europe as the template for state formation has obscured our understanding of the differences in state formation in Africa and Latin America. The thesis will be argued that the absence of extensive inter-state conflict in both Africa and Latin America - in comparison with Europe in its formative nation-state period - has weakened their state infrastructures. This factor, together with the fact that these states were creations of colonial powers with their designs supporting colonial instead of domestic interests, has meant that state formation in both contexts - although different in many key respects - shares the common element of being critically flawed.

From the Paper
State Formation in Europe and the Developing World: A Comparative Analysis Introduction The topic of "state formation" is one of the central theoretical and practical concerns in the fields of political science and international relations. This has become particularly important in recent years with popular attention on the issue of "failed states" (e.g., Yugoslavia, Afghanistan) and how these have negatively impacted the wider international community. This paper will discuss the topic of state formation with comparative reference to the contexts of Europe, Africa and

Tags:state, formation, world

Abstract
The paper looks at several elements that are involved in the formation of a legal oral or written contract. The paper discusses these elements that are an agreement, consideration, intent to contract, legal capacity, and whether the contract is illegal in nature.

From the Paper
"There are several elements involved in the formation of a legal oral or written contract. "Contract law...is traditionally concerned with the elements that all promises have in common..." (Craswell, 1989, p. 492)."

Tags:contract, formation, elements

Abstract
The paper defines "Karstification" and explains how it is formed. The paper further discusses the climate, the geomorphic features and the structural characteristics that are necessary for its occurrence and stresses the value, and importance of such a process.

Outline:
Process involved in Creating and Altering Karst Formations
Hydrologic Recharging Systems for Developing and Maintaining Limestone Caves
The Value of Limestone Caves Created by Karstification

From the Paper
"Why are limestone caves created by karstification important? First, those who study cave ecology consider them to be arks of biodiversity (Clements 2006). They have a particularly high percentage of endemic species due to the special habitat conditions formed by the chemistry and geology of karst caves. From West Virginia to Ireland and all over the world, these types of caves develop entire interdependent systems of insects, vertebrates, amphibians, and mammals in a delicate balance of darkness, humidity, and temperature. For instance in the Appalachians, these limestone caves are home to a wider variety of aquatic and terrestrial cave species than any other subterranean landscape in the world. Creatures have adapted over thousands of generations to life in total darkness, and their need for protection or escape seems to have diminished .

Tags:limestone, geomorphic, features, structural, characteristics

Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper is a discussion of the Buddhist caves at Nasik, and the main purposes the caves serve in terms of information they provide about the past.

Abstract
This paper defines spiritual formation as the work of forming and transforming by the Holy Spirit in the process of an inward understanding of information and experiences in an individual to develop one's character in the likeness of Christ. The paper then discusses the following components of spiritual formation: knowing and loving God, knowing and loving ourselves, knowing and loving our neighbors, and being mindful of the presence of God in our daily routine. In addtion, the paper provides an overview of the goals, dynamics, components and roles of spiritual formation.

Table of Contents:
Goals of Spiritual Formation
Components of Spiritual Formation
Dynamics of Spiritual Formation
The Role of the Holy Spirit in Spiritual Formation
The Role of the Individual in Spiritual Formation
The Role of Suffering in Spiritual Formation
Spiritual Formation in Individuals in Community
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first component of spiritual formation is to know and love God. If we do not know someone intimately, we cannot love that person. It is the same with our relationship to God. Unless we know God intimately and personally, we only love an image or concept that we have of God and not God Himself. Often this perception or concept of God is based on our concept of our earthly father and our relationship with him. The only way we can come to know God by reading His Word, by building a relationship with His Son, appreciating His creation, using quiet time in prayer and meditation, and by listening to Him through silence, dreams, and visions."

Tags:process, daily, dynamic, indispensable, mentoring

Abstract
According to this paper, restoring and renovating the spirit in Christ is the key to controlling the undesired part of human nature and making good leadership decisions. The paper explores a plan for spiritual formation by explaining the understanding of human nature, outlining how the author plans to develop basic human aspects and by addressing spiritual formation in leadership.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
My Understanding of the Nature of People
Personal Spiritual Formation Plan
Thought
Feelings
Will and Character
Body
Social Dimension
Soul
Spiritual Formation and Leadership
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"To help regulate my thought landscape, I will continue to concentrate on Jesus. I can do this by using Willard's Vision-Intention-Means (VIM) structure (Willard, 2002). First, I will constantly work on maintaining my personal vision of the Servant-Leader that I would like to be in Christ. Next, I will mediate and pray to ask God's help in giving me the strength to act on my intention of being a Christ-like Servant-Leader. Finally, I will carry out my plan for reaching my vision. Studying, learning, and applying my knowledge in real-world application will be my means for development as a Servant-Leader."

Tags:Jesus, thought, landscape, VIM

Abstract
This paper explains that by viewing the gas that surrounds stars as a dynamic atmosphere, undergoing cycles of materials similar to those that go on in the Earth's own protective gases, astronomers are understanding more and more about the processes involved in the formation of stars. The paper deals with the questions of how the supernova of massive stars affect the formation of stars in the future, why star formation seems to occur in relative bursts, and how long the Milky Way will continue to produce stars.

From the Paper
"Beyond applying the atmospheric model to intergalactic gas, astronomers have also been studying more carefully exactly what components make up the gas and at what temperature these components exist. About 90% of the constituents of intergalactic atmosphere are various forms of hydrogen, with close to 10% being helium, and everything else, from lithium to uranium -- the whole spectrum of the periodic chart -- making up less than 0.1%. The majority of the hydrogen is present as neutral hydrogen, termed H I by astronomers. This form of hydrogen gas is identified by the spectral frequency of the light that it emits, namely 1,420 megahertz. Although scattered throughout the galaxy, the majority of H I is located around the galactic midplane, and forms a gaseous disk about 300 parsecs thick (Reynolds, 2002, p. 40)."

Tags:galaxy, hydrogen, gas, milky, way

Abstract
This paper crosses disciplines of psychology and sociology/anthropology. It uses Erik Erikson's famous "Theory of Identity Formation" to try and make sense of Amish culture. It examines social and psychological aspects of Amish life from birth to death. It finds that Erikson's theory works well and is substantiated by Amish life especially Amish adolescence.

From the Paper
"With this paper I am concerned with observing Old Order Amish Society (primarily in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania) through an Eriksonian framework of identity formation. His epigenetic cycle, the Eight Stages of Man, will be played out using Amish social customs and practices extracted from numerous literary sources, though most predominantly from John Hostetler's Amish Society. Of particular interest, and most emphasized, is the fifth epigenetic stage the identity crisis. To expedite a resolution during this adolescent phase, Erikson prescribes a psychological "moratorium" which corresponds directly to the seemingly peculiar Amish practice of relaxing behavioral standards of teenagers. In order not to misrepresent individual identity as collective identity writ small, the notion of Amish personhood is later invoked, although is more briefly discussed. The successful resolution of an adolescent's identity crisis seems to coincide with the decision to enter the church, which, marked by the baptism ceremony, signifies attainment of full personhood. Despite that Erikson's notion of identity is predicated upon a fairly determinant and universalistic psychobiological trajectory, and therefore of limited utility for comparative studies, it is believed useful here as an analytic tool for understanding Amish development given their strong cultural identity and social dictates of personal behavior."

Tags:adolescence, anthropology, biological, birth, cycle, death, epigenesis, freud, life, psycho, psychological, teens