Abstract A physician office wants to install bonedensity equipment but is not certain about types of machines to purchase and their price. This report therefore focuses on the available products and expert opinions in connection with that equipment. Cost of the bonedensity procedures and machines have also been briefly mentioned so that a physician would be able to estimate the possible costs involved and expected increase in revenues. The author of the paper uses graphs and photographs to illustrate certain points.
From the Paper "Norland manufactures some of the best products available for bone density measurement. The machines that any physician office would require for this procedure are easily available through this company but let us first mention what machines would be needed for this purpose. It has been noticed that mostly the machines required for this purpose. There are two types of procedures through which bone density can be measured. The first one being the DEXA method, which uses x-rays to measure bone density. X ray method is fast and painless and is partly covered by insurance. The other procedure is carried out through CT scan. Both these procedures would study the bone mineral density of patient's body and then compare it with a healthy person's bone density to find out if there is any risk of osteoporosis to the person."
Tags: DEXA, radiology, osteometer, meditech, osteoporosis, FDA
Abstract Exercise affects bonedensity in children and adolescents. According to recent information from the government's first comprehensive study of sports injuries, 2.6 million children and young adults playing sports end up in the emergency room each year at a cost of $500 million.
Abstract This paper reviews and discusses osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue that most often results in enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. The paper further discusses the positive impact of exercise on women suffering from osteoporosis.
From the Paper "Ernst's (1998) review of 21 controlled studies on the subject of osteoporosis and exercise concludes that. "Collectively, however, these studies leave little doubt that regular exercise can delay or halt bone loss in women." Specifically, he reports that exercises not involving any loading are not effective, or considerably less effective, than weight-bearing exercises. The optimal exercise regimen should thus avoid further bone loss and reduce injury risks. Weight-bearing exercises, as weight-lifting, jumping and running, appear best suited for improving bone mass. However, they can carry a risk of injury: patients experienced a higher than average incidence of vertebral fractures if they executed exercises with their spines flexed."
Tags:bone, exercise, mineral, postmenopausal, fractures, women, study
Abstract This paper examines how the "Milk Got, Hmmm"? dairy ads featuring Yoda from Star Wars have been widely publicized in magazines, on billboards, and widely spread around the Internet. It looks at how the purpose of this ad is to encourage people to drink milk, based on the health claims made within the text and also based on the appeal of the character of Yoda. It also discusses how the health claims that it makes have been largely debated and how there may, in fact, be false statements ,since there is a great deal of scientific evidence actually pointing to milk as a cause of bonedensity loss.
From the Paper "This advertisement attempts to appeal to the logical consumer by stating claims that milk will be beneficial to the drinker's health. It is only reasonable to assume that people will be attracted to a product that will give them better health and a longer life, and this is exactly the claim that the text of this ad makes. As opposed to explaining that it is a mastery of use of The Force and his dedication to Jedi studies that has prolonged his life, the Yoda in this ad states that it was in fact milk that allowed him to live for nearly a millennium and remain strong. ?When younger are you, strong bones milk builds, yes. But when adults, slow rate of bone density loss, it does.? seems like a very logical reason to drink milk. Unfortunately, this claim may not be backed by actual fact."
Abstract This paper covers the following six topics: 1. identity determined from density. 2. changes of speed and motion of molecules with state change. 3. theory of structure of atom. 4. periodic table vs alphabetical listing of elements. 5. mass nos, moles. 6. Henry's law.
From the Paper "Density can be used to identify a substance. It could be used to determine if a sample of gold-colored metal is in fact gold. Archimedes used the concept of density to identify substances. Density is a physical property of a substance which describes the degree of compactness of the substance, i.e., how close together the atoms are packed. The density of a substance is the ratio of an object's mass to its volume."
Tags:density, atomic theory, changes of state, periodic table, moles, Henry's law
Abstract This paper discusses various elements of Asian religions and how it is intertwined in Crane's novel "Bones of the Master". These elements include pilgrimage, master/disciple relationship and the importance of meditation. The book is a true story of a man on a spiritual quest for the truth.
From the Paper "The concept of the teacher and the student is prevalent in Bones of the Master. When beginning a religious path, it is most widely agreed that the best place to start is by finding a teacher, or a master. It is this teacher, that can guide the student towards proper meditation techniques and passing their wisdom down to the student. In his younger days, Tsung Tsai found his master in Shiuh Deng. One of the key teachings of a Buddhist master is the art of meditation. For one who is seeking a religious path, the most important aspect to learn is meditation."
Abstract This paper reviews studies that support the theory that high soy diets have a beneficial effect on the relative density or mineral content of bones, as well as studies that have shown no connection between bone health and high soy diets. The paper concludes that, while evidence is inconclusive regarding the role that soy may play in women's health, the general nutritional benefits of soy protein are, nonetheless, well-established.
From the Paper "Soy, a protein-rich legume, has been prominently featured in the traditional cuisines of Far Eastern cultures for thousands of years. In addition to its high protein content, soy also contains the other two macronutrients, carbohydrates and fats, as well as many vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients such as calcium, folic acid, and iron. Dietary sources of soy protein include soybeans, tofu, beans curd, tempeh, miso, and soymilk. Since it represents a vegetable source of high quality complete protein, containing all of the essential amino acids, soy is particularly valued by vegetarians, who must derive all their dietary protein from vegetables rather than from animal products.(DGPL)"
Abstract This paper discusses osteoporosis, a condition in which bones becomes fragile and more susceptible to breaking. Quoting statistics that show osteoporosis affects more than 30 million people worldwide and mostly women, the paper highlights how one can build stronger bones through exercise and diet. The author also analyzes recent studies on how potassium can increase bonedensity and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
From the Paper "Researchers have found that the best way to build strong bones, especially before the age of 30, is to get enough calcium and vitamin D, engage in regular weight bearing exercise and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol drinking. Coupled with the general bone loss that occurs after 35, the decreased estrogen levels in women after the menopause may cause loss of bone mass at a rate two to four times faster than prior to menopause, leading to osteoporosis, or porous bones."
Abstract The paper discusses the function of bones and identifies the five types of bones and their seven levels of bone structure. The paper looks at three types of bone cells and summarizes the most common medical conditions that affect bones.
Outline:
Introduction
Function
Bone Types
Hierarchical Organization of Structures
Bone Cells
Medical Conditions
From the Paper "Bones also have a degree of toughness and elasticity that are required by their function. An examination of a bone structure will reveal that it is made up of two types of tissue. The first type of tissue is located on the external side and it is dense in texture and it is called compact tissue. The second type located internally is made up of thin fibres and lamellae, which are joined to form a lattice like reticular structure called cancellous tissue."
Abstract "The Lovely Bones", by Alice Sebold, is an example of a cult text that finds itself driven into popular culture by its word of mouth circulation. Its symptomatic imagery, encompassing middle-class American life, sends it into the category of American iconic text. The paper shows that the text's most powerful symbol is the house, the home, that which itself is a symbol of American prosperity, attainment, and ideal living. It shows that the house is the heart of "The Lovely Bones" subtext, other metaphors of life drawing from this grounded point. The paper examines how the house also works as a motif within the text, the place where the characters live, where they feel out their grief, individually try to reconstruct, as well as where murders are plotted and bones counted. The house serves as subject to those who dwell within.
From the Paper "The sudden popularity of Lovely Bones comes from its symptomatic appeal to American values, desires, and anxieties found within the ideas of family, home, and community. The doubling of house based scenes joins the positive and negative images of theses ideas. The reader may then respond to and identify these separated feelings about the places in which they live. These anxieties are felt out through the subversion of home, seen through the psyche of George Harvey, along with the styling of house through contemporary gothic imagery. Kitchen, living room, bathroom, bedrooms, basement are all subject to the uses put to them by the occupant(s). The Salmon's home is warm, busy, juxtaposed to Mr. Harvey's house which is described as cold and still. The eerie feelings, which are derived from the images of Mr. Harvey's house, are created through these comparisons and the cool in which these details are given."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed look at the femur bone and its purpose in the body. We take a tour of anatomy as well as explore some of the injuries and disorders that can occur with this particular bone.
This paper discusses the role of oracle bones, the earliest form of Chinese writing, as an important source for understanding the development of written Chinese and the Shang society.
Abstract This paper explains that, in the religion of the Shang civilization, which was based on the worship of ancestral spirits and Shang Di, the supreme God, important decisions were made in the ancestral temple through divination by the oracle bones. The author points out that oracle bones also were used to record astronomical events. The paper states that the character 'yue' appears quite often in the oracle bone inscriptions as a pictograph of one range of mountains above another and is the object of sacrifices.
From the Paper "The exact political status of the Huanbei Shang City is unknown, however, the walled city is probably one of the Shang capitals due to its huge size and geographic location. From traditional accounts, it was believed that the 19th king, Pan Geng, moved the capital to Yin, however, the oracle bone inscriptions from Yinxu only details the period from the reign of the 22nd king, Wu Ding to the 30th and last king of the Shang dynasty, Xin. Therefore, Yinxu probably did not become the capital until the reign of Wu Ding and Huanbei most likely was the capital of Pan Geng and the two succeeding kings. Moreover, inscribed oracle bones discovered in the area have enabled researchers to reconstruct the Shang royal genealogy. For nearly a century now, scholars have been reading the oracle bones to detail Chinese history."
Compares the three major geographic regions by climate, topography, waterways, etc. Also discusses geographical problems the country is faced with, like population density and agriculture.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 41.95
Abstract In this paper the 3 major regions of India are analyzed geographically, looking at the weather patterns, topographical regions, agriculture and climate. The impact of geography on the people of India is also looked at, primarily by looking at the geographic problems in the nation They include population density and a heavy dependence on few industries.
From the Paper "When studying the land that makes up India, it is important to realize the diversity that abounds in the different regions of the nation. There are three main sections that India can be split into: the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Peninsula. The Himalayan Mountain range is present in India along the northern border, and especially in the northwest corner of the country. There are numerous peaks of various sizes, but the most notable are Mount Nanda Devi and the Godwin-Austen, which lies in disputed territory. There is also an area known as the Lesser Himalayas, which serves as a transition area between the mountainous regions of the north and the central plains. The Himalayas are a key component in the weather dynamics of all of Southern Asia, and India especially depends on them. India has 4 major seasons: winter in December until February; summer from March until May; monsoons from the southwest in June until September; and monsoons from the northeast in October and November."
Abstract Discusses the roles of calcium and phosphate in bone disease. How calcium works in the body. Phosphate of the body as a buffer system contained in bone. Food sources of phosphorous and calcium. Low calcium levels and osteoporosis. Postmenopausal, Senile and Juvenile osteoporosis. Hormone deficiencies. Treatment of osteoporosis; effective factors.
From the Paper "Calcium and phosphate metabolism, and bone disease
Calcium is responsible for several bodily functions which include muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction, blood clotting, cellular communications, skin differentiation, and the functioning of many enzymes (Altruis Biomedical Network, 2001; Berkow, Beers and Fletcher, 1997). Calcium is found mainly in the bones, but some is also present in cells and in the bloodstream. The amount of calcium present in cells and in the blood is controlled very precisely by two hormones: calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Cacitonin is produced by cells in the thyroid and parathyroid glands and the thymus. It lowers blood calcium levels by promoting the uptake of calcium by bone. Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands, four small glands located on the thyroid glands in the neck."
Abstract This paper analyzes the characterization in the novel, "The Bone People", by Keri Hulme. The manner in which Hulme develops the characters of Simon, Joe, and Keriwen are evaluated, as is the question of how this development succeeds in making The Bone People such a compelling novel.
