Abstract
The paper examines various factors including the etiology of an average suicide, the history of suicide attacks, how suicide bombings are committed and the profile of a suicide bomber. The paper also discusses cultural support for suicide bombings, the correlation between finances and suicide bombings and the relationship between political freedom and suicide bombings. The paper shows how there is no single profile for a suicide bomber. The paper relates that it looks like the most significant factor for creating a suicide bomber is that he or she come from a culture that supports martyrdom. The paper also reveals that the most important elements in creating a suicide bomber appear to be feelings of oppression combined with a lack of political freedom.

From the Paper
"Since 9-11, there have been several, competing theories, in which people have attempted to explain the psychology of the suicide bomber. Some people maintain that suicide bombers do not differ significantly from other people who commit suicide, and are marked by behaviors indicative of depression. However, there is little evidence to support such claims. In fact, more recent studies tend to suggest that suicide bombers do not suffer from an underlying affective disorder like depression, which would lead them to engage in suicidal behavior. Furthermore, there is no evidence that suicide bombers, at least at the time of recruitment, suffer from any type of psychopathology that would distinguish them from the general population."

Tags:terrorism, attacks, depression, conditioning

Abstract
The paper examines how Canada played a large part in the bomber command offensive missions of the Allies against Germany. The paper examines what prompted the Allies to bomb non-military targets and carry out what many consider to be immoral missions and then discusses the argument of many, that the bomber command offensive missions were necessary for the Allies to win the war. The paper also looks at the research regarding these attacks and asserts that one cannot prove that the bomber command missions were necessary for the Allies to win the war. The paper contends that since these missions were greatly immoral, Canada should have refused to take part and should have concentrated their efforts towards other areas of warfare.

From the Paper
"During World War Two, the world witnessed the use of air warfare in numbers and consequence unlike any time before. The ideas of strategic air power started during the First World War. It was the Germans who thought of it first. British civilians were accustomed to being sheltered from the ravages of war as Britain was largely insulated by the English Channel. As a result the sight of German Zeppelin over London naturally frightened British civilians. The British made sure they were prepared when it came to the Second World War. They wanted to be ready to fight the battle in the air. Bomber Command was made up of groups of allied airmen who carried out a strategic bombing offensive on Germany in World War two. These Bomber Command attacks have become a highly debated topic of World War Two History. There are strong arguments to support both sides of the debate."

Tags:offensive, civilians, strikes, bombs

Abstract
This paper looks at the B-2 Stealth Bomber program which is funded by Congress and supported by different administrations. The B-2 Bomber is noted for its use of stealth technology, which makes it virtually invisible to radar as a means of detecting its presence. It examines how critics have pointed out a number of flaws in this technology and in the entire program together with a report from the General Accounting Office in 1998 was especially critical and generated a response from the Air Force in an attempt to counter the critics. It shows how an evaluation of the project suggests that while the technology could be useful, it is not yet sufficiently developed to be utilized at the level the Air Force would like and the costs would support.

From the Paper
"The B-2 bomber might be useful in certain situations, but the number that are already in operation could suffice for such operations. The Pentagon originally stated that it needed only 20 B-2s for all purposes, and it has more than that now. The manufacturer claims it can make the bombers less expensively, but this does not mean they are needed (Thompson 41). While high cost might be a consideration in determining whether such a system is needed or not, the primary rationales should be need and effectiveness. In the case of the B-2, not only is it expensive, it is also probably not needed and does not work as advertised in any case. Given that there is no evidence at all that the bombers can be fixed or that they will suddenly become needed, the program should be ended. Even if there were such evidence, the costs might not be justified by the small return that would be achieved."

Tags:pentagon, air, force, radar, stealth, technology

Abstract
This paper identifies that Louis was a hero to many groups of people for different reasons: For white people, he represented the achievement of an individual; for the African-American class, he represented a black man who made it into popular culture, who found himself playing all sides of race for different reasons. The author stresses that Louis remained personally committed to his own roots and extended unlimited generosity towards the poor and black people of the States.

Abstract
The paper uses four articles, ("Thousands flee Assam tribal feud", S. Bhaumik,"Cataloguing US abuses" BBC News, Dec 2004, "Suicide bombers held in Bosnia", N. Hawton and "Suicide Bombers", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bomb) to demonstrate the need for more cross cultural understanding and training. The paper discusses cultural interpretations and motivations among inter and intra cultural groups and explains the origins of many cultural difficulties between these groups. The paper explains how cultural conflicts and misunderstandings commonly occur within homogeneous populations and among people of varying cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The paper concludes by suggesting that more communication and collaboration can improve the inter and intra-cultural differences and problems and offers suggestions on how this can be achieved.

From the Paper
"Cross cultural conflict often occurs when members of varying cultures share different beliefs, values and understandings of events, issues or proper ways of behaving. It is vital that cultural differences be examined to help members of society develop better methods for addressing cultural conflicts. A better understanding of cross cultural differences may enable more communication and collaboration and less violence.
"Cross cultural events often result in violence when people of varying cultures are not able to come to agreement regarding the appropriate course of action to follow in a given situation. Below we'll discuss cultural interpretations and motivations among inter and intra cultural groups and explain the origins of many cultural difficulties between these groups."

Tags:suicide, bombers, terrorism, hamas, abu, ghraib, karbi, dimasa, assamic, intracultural, palestine

Abstract
This paper discusses how the capture of Iwo Jima in 1944 was crucial to the U.S. campaign against Japan after the victory in Europe almost a year before. The paper also examines how the island-hopping concept substantially reduced the flying distance required by U.S. heavy bombers and allowed them to conduct effective strategic bombing operations against Mainland Japan without the heavy losses from Japanese fighter/interceptors based on those islands.

Outline:
Strategic Significance of Iwo Jima
Command and Weaponry
Combat Operations
Casualties
The Significance of the U.S. Victory

From the Paper
"Under the direction of Lieutenant General Tadamichi Kuribayashi, the Japanese committed almost 23,000 men to the defense of Iwo Jima (Commager & Miller, 2002). They were equipped with heavy and medium artillery, heavy and light machine guns, tanks, mortars, and thousands of small arms. The main strategy of Kuribayashi's forces was to use a large network of interconnected tunnels dug deep beneath almost half of the
island's territory. Because Iwo Jima was a volcanic Island, its surface was covered in deep layers of volcanic ash that was ideal for digging trenches and tunnels and Kuribayashi maximized this advantage by spending months preparing for the American
invasion that was expected. Kuribayashi also had several kamikaze aircraft which he launched against U.S. Navy ships, causing the combat loss of approximately 300 Navy seamen Bishop & McNab, 2007)."

Tags:bombers, Tadamichi, Kuribayashi

Abstract
The paper discusses what the author of the article believes to be taking place in military relations today. Peters accuses the US of trying to 'Americanize' the whole world, with the war being fought in the 'American' way. The paper explains Peter's belief that America cannot fight Iraq with regular weaponry and soldiers; the suicide bombers work differently and thus are prevailing. Peters warns that the US has a very fragile infrastructure that relies on other countries and many people simply enjoy it without realizing how vulnerable it makes their country.

From the Paper
"The media is not the main concern of the article, however. The main issue for Peters is that the way the war is being waged is not really the way that it needs to be accomplished. For this idea, Peters uses the example of suicide bombers, as they are often on the news and are 'stars' of their own drama, however briefly (Peters, 2006). These individuals do not generally seem that concerned about who they target. They may have a specific goal in mind, but if it falls through they will not completely abandon their mission - they will simply pick an easier target. All too often, these easier targets are women and children; innocent civilians that just happened to find themselves in harm's way (Peters, 2006)."

Tags:Iraq, suicide, bombers, media

Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant and peer-reviewed literature to develop an overview of the impact that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It gives an overview of the organizational initiatives of Islamic extremists groups. The writer discusses women in Islam in general, and an examination of the operational use of women by Islamic extremists in recent years to include in particular their role as suicide bombers. A summary of the findings is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Organizational Initiatives for Islamic Extremists
Women in Islam
Operational Use of Women by Islamic Extremists
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The research showed that Islamic extremism is on the rise, and the implications for women - both Islamic and otherwise -- are profound and severe. Women, now often used as fodder by Islamic extremists, are themselves the startling and disturbing method that is used to achieve ideological goals. Unfortunately, the research has shown that, because of their inherent vulnerability in Islamic societies, women and children are used as suicide bombers. This analysis, though, only describes one aspect of women's willingness to participate; often, they enjoy a brief elevation in status (before their death in the line of duty), and believe that heavenly rewards await them after their task is completed. Their effectiveness is also very real - recognized by both Islamic leaders and their enemies. Female suicide bombers have already raised Israel's concerns; these activities will continue to create a more problematic and militant environment for Israeli authorities in the future. The situation only promises to become worse, as Islamic extremists have apparently not used women to their best advantage. One cannot know the true roles that women do play in these organizations, however, because Islamic extremists are very secretive. While the various positions that women hold within an organization remains speculative at best, it is quite obvious that they are being used as an effective tool of war, often sacrificed on the altar of jihad."

Tags:jihad, suicide, bombers, terrorist

Abstract
Hamas was formed in 1987 as a means to achieve a unified, separate, Palestinian state. The organization has used political and violent means, including terrorism, to pursue this goal. Hamas's violent wing, al-Qassam, has carried out many suicide bombings since 1993, and Hamas makes it a point to take credit for its accomplishments. The purpose of this paper is to look at the violent wing of Hamas, al-Qassam, as both a "total institution" and an organization and, in the process, understand how suicide bombers are socialized.

From the Paper
"Erving Goffman formed his definition of "total institution" through a five-fold description. We will define al-Qassam as a total institution based on its active struggle to "pursue some worklike task and justify itself" only based on its desire for a Palestinian state. There must be a split between two groups of people in order for a total institution to exist. I assert that there is a hierarchy in the framework of al-Qassam. At the top must lie the Muslim clerics and high-ranking officials of the organization. Both have clout in determining the specifics about suicide bombings, but whereas clerics can only recommend people for missions, it is more likely that the officials have the final say."

Tags:hamas, suicide, bombers

Abstract
This paper puts forward the premise that terrorism is not an exclusive act, isolated to those of the September 11 bombers, but rather an act employed by many different people, for many different reasons, throughout the centuries. It looks at how the terrorist attacks against Americans and Israelis, in particular, are done to change the policies of those nations, just as those nations use violence to change the policies of others. It shows how the aggression by the Islamic groups involving attacks on innocent civilians is directly correlated to their abilities to coerce.

From the Paper
"This analysis of terrorism is not limited to the attacks on the World Trade Center buildings and the Pentagon, but it is also applicable to the majority of the acts carried out in the Middle East, presently. One of the most popular methods of Islamic terrorism (particularly carried out against Israelis) is the use of suicide bombers. Young Palestinians strap makeshift bombs around their body and detonate them in concentrations of people. Again, the ultimate goal is coercion of the government or group of people being attacked, using the only effective means available."

Tags:america, israel, suicide, bombers, osama, bin, laden, pentagon, 9/11