Abstract This paper compares "The Red Hat" by Rachel Hadas and "A Watts Mother Mourns While Boiling Beans" by Etheridge Knight. Both poems are about parenthood. The two authors have related poems in that the subjects are both about protecting their children from external forces once they walk out of the house.
From the Paper "Symbols and metaphors are used in the two poems to describe the feelings of the mothers regarding their sons. The Hadas poem uses symbolism in the line, ?Already ties are feeling and not fact.? The ties symbolize the unseen bond between parent and child and how they affect emotions. Another place symbolism is used in this poem is in the line, ??parallel paths part; he goes alone from there.? The parallel paths symbolize how children are with their parents when they are little and then they start to pull away and walk down their own paths as they get older. Hadas also uses metaphors in her poem like the one used in the line, ?The watcher's heart stretches, elastic in its love and fear.? In this line the author is comparing the ability of the mother's heart to stretch in the same fashion as elastic. Metaphors are also used in the line, ?"in the eddies of this change, empty, unanchored, perilously light"? In this line eddies or whirlpools are used to describe the mother's emotions. Also in this line she refers to her emotions as unanchored such as a boat would be unanchored and allowed to drift aimlessly. These metaphors subtlety reinforce the authors need to show us the mother's feelings of love and worry for her son."
Abstract This paper provides three short essays that relate to the topic of mystery and detection novels and film noir. The paper looks at the hard boiled detective found in these genres. The paper refers to the work of Raymond Chandler, Dashiel Hammett, Walter Mosley and others, as well as to select films.
From the Paper "The novels of Raymond Chandler, hard-boiled detective fiction in the vein of Dashiel Hammett focus on the experiences of detective Philip Marlowe. If Chandler's novels featuring Marlowe like "The Big Sleep" have a moral, the moral appears to be that there are intelligent and stupid criminals and law enforcement officials and those that are the most intelligent usually wind up victorious."
Tags: Raymond Chandler, film noir, Dashiel Hammett, Walter Mosley, Ross MacDonald, hard boiled detective, myth of America
Compares two environmental articles about climate: A. Simms' "Why Do We Owe So Much to Victims of Disaster?" and R. Gelbspan's "Boiling Point: Nature Doesn't Compromise on Global Climate Change; Activists Must Not Either".
Abstract The paper explains that A. Simms in his article "Why Do We Owe So Much to Victims of Disaster?" discusses how society is living way beyond its means in relation to climate. The author then relates that R. Gelbspan elucidates in his article "Boiling Point: Nature Doesn't Compromise on Global Climate Change; Activists Must Not Either" how weather or climate is the premier issue since it threatens all of humanity. The paper evaluates the articles on moral, imaginative and emotional criteria. The author concludes that both articles were not filled with jargon which made them informative and powerful.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Moral
Imaginative
Emotional
Conclusion
From the Paper "Gelbspan does not bring the issue of global warming to such a personal level. With Simms, I feel as though he is sitting with me at my kitchen counter helping me balance my check book and showing me that I am in debt to climate just like I am to my credit cards. Although Gelbspan is a more logical article and the rationale is more intellectual the message is still the same as with Simms--the feeling just isn't the same. Gelbspan's passion and imagination come from his bashing of the American people and their representatives."
Tags: passionate, global warming, jargon denial humanistic
Explores constitutional issues in racial profiling and discrimination in the wake of 9/11. Examples of profiling are derived from general minority experiences and specifically Arab/Muslim discrimination after 9/11.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, 2001, $ 68.95
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of racial profiling. The writer addresses four scenarios and argues for or against their legal and moral foundation based on the 14th amendment of the United States Constitution. In addition to the writer's belief regarding each scenario, we are given key elements of the opposition's argument and the writer's rebuttal to that opposition.
From the paper:
"Following the attacks on America September 11, 2001, there were cries for revenge throughout the nation. Anyone who looked Muslim was endangered as Americans took their anger to the streets. Following the attack there were several instances in which pilots refused to fly planes until Muslim looking passengers were removed and angry residents threatened those who looked like one of "them". The initial rage died down and in its place we were given many new security measures that we have been told are for the good of national security. The measures boil down to legalized racial profiling in some cases. Racial profiling is not a new event. It has been around for many years. Racial profiling goes against everything the constitution of this nation stands for; yet in light of the attacks in New York, Americans are less vocal about it then they have been in the past. Now, instead of denouncing all profiling as unconstitutional and wrong, we find ourselves looking at individual profile scenarios and holding them against the constitution to see if we can slide them through. We have entered a new world since the attacks. It is a world in which we are trying to walk a much thinner line between protecting the safety of those who live here and protecting the constitution."
Tags: racism, profiling, 9/11, constitution, Blacks, Arab, Muslim
Abstract This paper examines the genre of 'film noir', the name given to the trend of the dark and black, looks and themes of many of the American crime and detective films released following the World War II. It discusses the influences on these films such as World War II and postwar disillusionment, postwar realism, the work of German expatriates making use of German Expressionism and even the hard-boiled literary tradition of the 1930s and 1940s. It shows as an example how Orson Welles used the style in his late-1950s film "Touch of Evil", a film that develops a film noir style and structure in the context of tense international relations and an era of police abuse. It discusses how Orson Welles shapes what could have been a standard crime story in a new way by the creative use of the camera and by strong characterizations.
From the Paper "For the film noir aspect of the film, the underlying attitudes of the character are as important as lighting and camera work. Sheriff Quinlan is a huge mass of bloated flesh and exudes evil from his first appearance in the film, standing as a cop who will do anything not to be wrong. He is contrasted sharply with the tall and stalwart look of Ramon Vargas, the policeman from South of the border who must not be allowed to show up the great Quinlan. Quinlan has the look of a man who was once great and who has fallen, though he sustains his position through force of will, reputation, bullying, and the sycophancy of Sgt. Menzies, who follows Quinlan around singing his praises to all who will listen."
Abstract This paper examines the history of mental illness from the earliest colonial times, when it was believed that mental illness was caused by the baby being born under a full moon or having slept in moonlight to the medical prognoses and classification of different disorders today. It discusses the attitudes and diagnoses of mental illness over the past couple of centuries and the development of treatment. It evaluates whether genetics or physical environmental damage are the sole cause of mental illness and how researchers now believe that nature and nurture work together and that causes of mental illness will never be boiled down to one gene or a set of genes.
From the Paper "The last decade of the 20th century brought an explosion of knowledge regarding the causes of mental illness. Improvements in ability to make images of the brain as well as genetic research coming out of the Human Genome Project are forcing mental health experts to take a fresh look at the causes of mental illness. This new information also has treatment implications. Where previously, all mental illness was viewed as faulty emotional and psychological development, evidence is now emerging that many forms of mental illness may have a strong genetic component. People with the genes for a mental illness might or might not develop it depending on what happened to them in their lives, so in this model, mental illness still is somewhat environmentally based, but the physical evidence for mental illness is mounting."
Abstract This paper discusses how in April of 1981, the tension between the police and Afro-Caribbean youths living in Inner London exploded in the Brixton Riots. It examines how the riots were the culmination of many factors that had ravaged the community in Brixton including unemployment, poverty and police harassment. It evaluates the then two-year old Conservative government, which had been wrestling already with a major economic downturn the Winter of Discontent in 1979 and the transition from an industrial economy to a post-industrial economy. It covers the main events during the riots and the post effect on other London ethnic minority groups.
From the Paper "Beginning in 1975, Britain had seen its general unemployment rise steadily. By 1979, workers in many sectors, including sanitation and transport were striking. The winter of 1978-1979 was called The Winter of Discontent as thousands of people were put out of work and thousands more were striking in a nearly general strike in protest of wage restraint. Bodies were piling up at the morgue, garbage bags on the streets, and the feeling of the working class and poor was growing more and more hostile. Although inflation had stabilized by 1979 unemployment remained stubbornly high, hovering at more than 7%."
Abstract The literary genre popularly known as "cyberpunk" blends elements of hard-boiled detective fiction with speculative reflections on the impact of computer networking technologies upon the body politic and the body organic.
Abstract Kmart, the third largest retail company filed for bankruptcy when it was simply unable to get rid of its debts and its ailing outlets nationwide couldn't find their way back to the right track. Many are of the view that it is the management's fault because Conaway has absolutely no experience in apparel and also knows little about running a 2,100-stores chain. But the truth is that Kmart was suffering long before Conaway set foot in the company and several top management shake-ups had not been able to change anything. Therefore, it all boils down to Kmart's strategy and this is the one area where it works extra hard.
Abstract This paper tackles the issue of "universals" from all sides, looking at both the Platonic and Aristotelian models to understand the theories that arose from those bases. The idea of a universal is thoroughly defined, explored in terms of different theories (Bundle Theory, Nominalism, Classic Platonism, etc.), and finally boiled down to a discussion of the implication that the idea of "universals" has in regards to the more general notions of "nothingness" and "somethingness".
From the Paper "The following essay is focussed on exploring all aspects of the theory of universals as it applies to metaphysical investigation. I will proceed in defining universal in general terms, presenting the arguments that support universal theory, presenting the opposing arguments, briefly defining the individual nominilist theories, and finally presenting my own thoughts concerning universals. I have tried to present the following material logically and comprehensibly, to eliminate as many assumptions as possible, hopefully providing a coherent step by step exploration of universals and related issues."
Tags: aristotle, bundle, nimonalism, objective, philosophy, plato, subjective, theory
Abstract This paper examines how there are many arguments for and against capital punishment and how, for each argument, the opposing view can and will present the flip side of the coin. It looks at how the argument boils down to dispassionately viewing the objectives behind the institution of capital punishment and whether the practice is, in fact, meeting the objective, i.e., deterring crime. It evaluates how the solution to deterrence of crime and the achievement of all-round social justice must lie elsewhere, and the answer is probably in social reform that eradicates poverty, provides equal opportunity, and overall, truly addresses the real definition of justice, i.e., the prevention of injustice.
From the Paper "The question of capital punishment as an effective method of dispensing retributive justice is a very real motivator behind advocacy of capital punishment, though it may not be acknowledged overtly. Here, again, there is cause to be sympathetic of this view, as the victims of injustice must be reassured by society that necessary action will be taken. There is also the fact that current polls show an overwhelming support for capital punishment among the American public, stemming both from concerns over increasing crime rates and unsafe streets as well as a belief in ?just desserts.? Gallup Polls reveal rising public support from 72% in 1985 to 80% in 1994 (Journal of Criminal law and Criminology, vol. 87, 1996). Such overwhelming public opinion cannot be ignored in the functioning of any society."
A history and examination of how Ancient Athens, out of necessity of protecting its allies and lands, grew from a powerful city-state to an Aegean Empire.
Abstract This paper gives a history of how Athens, originally looking for a united front against the invading Persian armies during the Persian Wars in antiquity, grew from an influential city-state to one of the world's first empires, stretching its power base across the entire Aegean sea. The paper begins by discussing how the Delian League, the pretext to what would become the Athenian Empire, came into being as a direct way to combat the invading Persians. The alliance was created out of necessity, as a united Greek front would be the only way to repel the massive Persian army under King Xerxes. A brief history of the Persian Wars is given, with Persia's invasion of Northern Greece and the burning of the Acropolis in Athens, but eventually their defeat at the hands of the Athenian general Cimon at the mouth of the Eurymedon River. After Persia was defeated and their troops driven back to Asia, Athens was firmly set as the predominant military and economic leader of all of Greece. The Delian League that was organized to fight against the Persians soon evolved into an Athenian Empire, with Athens collecting tribute and taxes from other city-states in exchange for protection and economic stability. Athens used their power to create a more safe and secure Greece, but was eventually corrupted by greedy politicians who abused other Greek city-states to the point of war. The second half of the paper goes into detail over how Athens was justified to create an empire, as it brought about prosperity for all involved. This includes the destruction of piracy and the opening up with trade routes to eastern Turkey. Ancient sources are heavily quoted to reinforce the argument that having a single dominant polis inevitably stabilized the once troubled area of Ancient Greece. This section also deals with Athens feeling morally obligated to spread their particular form of democracy to all of the other city-states, and their desire to see Sparta have their power limited. This ancient Cold War would eventually boil over into the Peloponnesian War, and the result ended in a weakened Greece that would not rise to prosperity again until Alexander The Great unified Greece.
From the Paper "During the expansion of Athenian power, an economic concept developed that allowed a particular polis to form an economic alliance with a fellow Delian League member. This agreement would allow the two states to work together in transporting particular goods through their territories to a marketplace where the goods would be sold, and the profit generated from the selling of the goods would be evenly distributed between the two Greek states. Such an example of this economic unity can be seen in agreement between Athens and the polis of Phaselis, which held joint control over certain economic endeavors and even adopted the same coinage for a short span of history. Athens also made it clear that if the city-states were to live under the protection of Athens, then the economic system should be standardized."
Abstract This paper explains how the Beat Generation came about, tells how this generation got its name, explains why and in what way it was a counterculture movement that challenged the mechanical existence of the majority and talks about how it effects American society even to this day.
From the Paper "According to modern mythology, it has been said that the birth of the Beat Generation can be traced back to the year 1944. World War II raged throughout Europe. This was the year of the D-Day landing, and this was the year that the United Nations first came to power, and this was the year that "Lady Chatterly's Lover" by D. H. Lawrence was found to be obscene in the United States, and this was the year in which New York City was flooded by European Surrealists gathering together with American artists and writers, influencing the thoughts and works and direction of the art movements nationwide. This was also the year that Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, and Herbert Hunckle met in New York City among the artists gathered there, and this meeting around Columbia University and Times Square would lead to the writing of one of the great Beat Generation novels."
Abstract This paper explains that medical malpractice only falls within the realms of negligence that occurs in the context of medical or health care, even though the basic legal issues involved in medical malpractice coincide with the legal elements that encompass common negligence. The paper further explains that there are four basic factors comprising medical malpractice that mirror those which define common negligence, but that there are additional requirements involved that expressly apply to negligence in a medical context. The paper then points out that, as a result of these additional requirements, medical malpractice cases also present many unique, complex and confusing issues that are exclusive to the medical profession. Next the paper elucidates on the issues, concluding that ultimately everything boils down to the question of which is more important;the rights of patients to expect quality treatment, or the obligation of physicians to provide it.
From the Paper "Medical malpractice is commonly defined as negligence on the part of a physician, hospital or other health care professional that results in physical or emotional damage to that health care professional's patient. The negligent failure in medical malpractice cases can occur under many different circumstances. These include, but are not limited to: an unnecessary delay in, or the complete failure to diagnose a particular disease or ailment, a surgical error during an operative procedure, failure on the part of the physician to gain the informed consent of the patient to perform surgery, and/or a failure to properly treat an ailment once it has been diagnosed. Improper use of a medical device or implant can also be grounds for a medical malpractice suit (Robertson, 1985)."
Tags: establishment, standard, care, proving, breach, causation, damages, proximate, cause
Abstract This paper describes a chemistry experiment, which studied phase changes in water from solid (ice) to liquid (water) to gas (steam). The paper describes the experimental method, gives the results, and analyzes the data in terms of Kinetic Molecular Theory and the effects of pressure on boiling water.
From the Paper "In this lab, the heating curve generated when ice makes the transition between solid to liquid to gas was investigated. The boiling point and current atmospheric conditions were compared at the locations where different students..."
