Abstract
The Bohemian movement in Paris was quite possibly the most influential artistic movement in French history. The paper begins with a brief history that leads up to the Bohemian cultural revolution at the end of the 19th century, stating how many individuals felt that the French government of the 19th century had betrayed the original ideas of the Revolution and sought to live their lives as the Revolution originally dictated. The Bohemian movement is then focused on as a reaction to the strict rules of Parisian life. Several artists are discussed, such as Victor Hugo and some of the early Impressionist artists, and their contributions are briefly explored. Mainly, the idea is presented that the Bohemian movement was more of an evolution that merged Revolutionary concepts with a growing distaste for the privileged class. Finally, the ideals of Bohemians in Paris are discussed at length; generally, the hatred of the Reign of Terror, which those before them sought to impose on French citizens, and the ideal that living a poor life without possessions was the true way to happiness.

From the Paper
"After the French Revolution of 1789, the landscape of French culture, politics and foreign affairs was drastically changed by the incoming infusion of new ideas and concepts from the masses. Through a series of experiments with constitutional monarchies and republics between 1789 through 1870, cultural trends emerged that enriched French culture to the status of having the most predominant sophistication of all the European countries. Nowhere was this cultural revolution more apparent then Paris in 1830, which would be the location of the birth of the intellectual Bohemian Movement in Parisian cafes. Those who would call themselves Bohemians in Paris were outcasts by choice; individuals who desired to live without world possessions and contribute only to better their fellow man and supplement the Parisian culture through art, poetry and literature. This resolution to oppose the bourgeoisie and live outside of the general norm of society at the time would not have been possible had the French Revolution not occurred."

Tags:Bourbon, Henry, Murger, Gerard, de, Nerval, La, Boheme

Abstract
Within the vast array of architectural styles in Prague, one can easily see many influences which the artists used to create their wonderful structures. One particular style stands out in buildings from before the fourteenth century through current day structures, that of the art of Bohemia. The art styles of the Bohemian culture are prominent in many of the architectural greats within Prague. This paper discusses some of those sites, and shows how Bohemian art styles have influenced those particular buildings.

From the Paper
"In addition to this type of artwork representation within the architecture of Prague, Bohemian sculpture art can also be seen as a distinct influence. Bohemian sculptures at the time began to separate the light from the dark, in terms of color. Firmer, brighter colors began to be used, and as separated images, these sculptures began to almost move within their confined spaces (Kren, "Bohemia")."

Tags:three-dimensional, Byzantine, Madonna, Vitus, Cathedral

Abstract
This paper looks at Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" from a poetic perspective. "Bohemian Rhapsody" was written in 1975 by the British rock band Queen, whose lead singer Freddie Mercury died in 1991 from AIDS. It looks at how it is one of the world's most popular all-time songs and how it is an epic work that belongs to the musical genre "Rock-Opera". It focuses on the themes of the song and analyzes its structure and lyrics to search for deeper meaning.

From the Paper
"Queen's songs are characterized by being melodious, harmonious, and unique. Queen's songs are instantly enjoyable and appear simple but when we look at them closer they are actually quite complex. On an unconscious level, people can perceive many musical devices at work - like a tasteful change of key or a special chord or rhythm pattern. This enhances the beauty of the melody. Listeners that are more musically learned tend to notice such tricks right on the spot, whereas little children and throwaway-music listeners are less affected by special compositional devices. Queen use many compositional tricks."

Tags:Freddie Mercury, rock opera, zoroastrianism

Abstract
This paper deals with the social factors involved in the existence and deterioration of Bohemia.

Introduction
The Concept of Bohemia
Historical background
Analysis on the Bohemian history
On the present condition of Bohemia
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The phenomenon that is Bohemia has been around our society for almost two centuries now with the same basic definitions of a bohemian as someone who lives an unconventional life and one who works in the fields of the arts, literature and theatre. But bohemian living is definitely not a fad or a fallacy; Bohemia is a social phenomenon that will continue to exist because of the need to reflect the reality a society fails to see. And since a society undergoes changes from time to time, bohemia adapts to its new environment by stripping off some of the basic ideals and characteristics we have confined it into."

Tags:artist, avant, garde, beat, bohemia, generation, lost

Abstract
This is a book review of David Brooks' book, "Bobos in Paradise:The New Upper Class and How They Got There." This paper examines David Brooks' concept of the "Bobo," a compound of bourgeois and bohemian, which is the new emerging class of the millennium. This class is made up of bankers, baby boomers and the new generation that is running the billion dollar dot-com industries. The author also points out several weaknesses in Brooks' thesis, and traces this back to his own background which makes him biased in his writing about "Bobos."

From the Paper
"Till there it is okay. But the problem starts when Brooks attempts to give authenticity to this newfound culture with all its new sense of taste and style. He starts appreciating the Bobo culture because of its "sober" bourgeois achievement, which takes into it the creative, and the spontaneous element of the sixties. On one level he scoffs at those Bobos who think $ 10K outdoor Jacuzzi is crass but $20K slate shower reflects simple rhythm of life. Yet on another level he appreciates this new upper class style which is based on the display of sufficient taste to know what the best is and to choose it--whether the best coffee, the best food, the best building materials, or whatever. He has his full support for them who find that it is not okay to spend extravagantly on something for display along; it is okay to spend extravagantly on something that is useful in enhancing one's authentic personality."

Tags:bohemian, bourgeois, success, millenium, class, establishment, hedonism, achievement, business, society

Abstract
The paper analyzes the nature of the main character in the book, a young Bohemian girl named Antonia who migrates from the United States to settle down in Nebraska, and focuses on her strong personality and honest character. The paper claims that Antonia is a symbol for the fulfillment of the American Dream, in her desire to accomplish success in terms of wealth.

From the Paper
"This marvelous account addressing various issues has been narrated by one of the characters named Jim Burden who is portrayed as the childhood playmate of the protagonist of the novel named Antonia. According to Jim Burden, Antonia was the eldest daughter of the Shimerda's and a healthy as well as a happy girl with the most beautiful eyes that were "big and warm and full of light, like the sun shining on brown pools in the wood" (Book 1, Chapter 3, pg. 17). The Shimerda's were the Burden's neighbors, as a result, Jim and Antonia came to know each other and eventually became childhood friends and they remained friends for the rest of their lives. According to Jim, Antonia radiated happiness and portrayed a healthy and a flourishing picture of the plains and the people of Nebraska even though the plains were like a piece of barren land. She always brought out and admired the hidden qualities of others around. She was a cheerful, sympathetic and a loving person who was not only concerned and cared for the inconsiderate members of her family but also showed sorrow for the dying insects."

Tags:diligence, courage, optimism, charm

Abstract
This paper provides an analytical review of Jonathan Larson's 1994 rock-opera, "Rent," which opened off-Broadway at the New York Theatre Workshop on January 25, 1996, less than twenty-four hours after Larson's death. The paper explains that although Larson had written several other rock musicals, including "Sacrimmoralinority" and "Superbia," both of which generated some attention and money, "Rent" was his first show to move to Broadway. The paper asserts that, although the opera is set in the late 1980s, at the height of the AIDS epidemic, it is still highly relevant to modern audiences; not only are AIDS and other diseases still a major problem in our society, but the story contains truths about compassion, greed, selfishness, and above all, love. The paper adds that the collision between the worlds of bohemians and the bourgeoisie is largely the subject of Larson's play. The paper's author shares a personal concept of the play, and impressions of the actors, environment, production, and materials that would be necessary to recreate it. This paper contains a symbolic image, created by the author.

From the Paper
" The play takes place over the course of a year. It opens on Christmas Eve, "9 P.M., Eastern Standard Time," according to Mark, the narrator, and the first act concerns the rest of the night. The second act picks up at New Year's Eve, and the finale takes place on the following Christmas Eve. It is set mainly in Alphabet City, a neighborhood in the East Village of Manhattan, which during the 1980s contained an eclectic mix of disadvantaged minorities and struggling white artists. A riot broke out in 1988 in Alphabet City's Tompkins Square Park; a similar incident occurs in the play. The political situation in the country was fairly conservative at this time, but this neighborhood contained people on firmly on both sides of the poverty and politics lines, leading to much of the conflict in the plot. The bohemians (which most of the play's characters identify as) idealized freedom and creativity, the bourgeoisie were more materialistic and craved security. The collision--and worse, indifference--of these two worlds is largely the subject of Larson's play."

Tags:bohemian, bourgeoisie, Alphabet, City, Broadway, Superbia

Abstract
This paper examines the San Francisco Renaissance, which arose from the West Coast Bohemianism, in comparison to the New York School and the Black Mountain School. It shows how the San Francisco Renaissance was particularly important because it not only represented the collected works of geographically limited poets, but also served as a center from which ideas were exchanged and brought to life. It also discusses how one would be hard pressed to firmly separate any of the important beat poets from the San Francisco Renaissance, such as Robert Duncan and Robert Creeley.

From the Paper
"The first reading for the San Francisco Renaissance featured poetry by Kenneth Rexroth, Jack Spicer, and Robert Duncan. The latter would shortly serve as a teacher at the Black Mountain College, working with fellow San Franciscan Robert Creelet to forge strong links between the two schools. (Wikipedia, "San Francisco...") Yet despite this early reading, and similar such displays of avant- garde work, the true emergence of the San Francisco Renaissance was linked to a reading at a much later date. In October of 1955, at the Six Gallery, influential San Francisco poets Mike McClure, Gary Snyder, and Phil Whalen were joined by newcomer Allen Ginsberg (and Lamantia reading the work of a deceased poet)."

Tags:robert, duncan, creeley, black, mountain

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the 1920's, a colorful era of tycoons, gangsters, bohemians and inventors. Areas covered include the arts, news and politics, science and humanities, business and industry, society fads and sports. It details the political situation in the world as well as the United States, including a discussion of the suffragettes.

From the Paper
"The 1920's are commonly referred to as the "Roaring Twenties", an appropriate title for a decade that did indeed roar out of the Victorian Era. Gone were the corsets and up went the skirt hems as flapper girls bared their legs and speakeasies with bathtub gin dominated the nightlife. Tycoons became America's royalties while bohemian lifestyles bore the twentieth century's most influential era of art and literature. Inventions brought us into the modern age of convenience and history making events.
The twenties began with a serious but short-lived post-war recession, following World War 1. Yet, by the mid-twenties, business and industry had created legends that have become household names: J. C. Penny (the department store chain), William Proctor of Proctor and Gamble, Howard Hughes, Charles Merrill, George Eastman of Eastman-Kodak, oil tycoon J. Paul Getty, William Randolph Hearst, Harvey Firestone (Firestone Tires), Henry Ford (Ford Motor Co.), Clarence Birdseye (Birdseye frozen foods), Charles Walgreen (Walgreen's Drug Store), and Sir Thomas Lipton (Lipton Tea Co.). With the industry boom came the "installment plan", allowing customers to buy on credit, thus causing goods consumption to climb. The business world looked safe and stock speculation gave the market record highs. But speculative stock purchases in an unregulated market allowed for unethical business practices, and by October 29, 1929, the market hit bottom and fortunes were lost overnight. This day is called "Black Tuesday". "

Tags:1920's, history, Roaring, Twenties, World, War, 1, recession

Abstract
This paper discusses the group of writers referred to as "The Lost Generation," among them Gertrude Stein, who coined the phrase. It examines the commonalities between these writers including their search for meaning, their moves to Paris, and the themes of their writings. The works of Ernest Hemingway, T.S. Elliot, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gertrude Stein are examined.

From the Paper
"The name "The Lost Generation" comes from an epigraph to Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises. In this epigraph, Gertrude Stein wrote "you are all a lost generation." This name stuck and refers to a group of writers, poets and artists who left post World War I America and relocated to Paris to live the Bohemian lifestyle (Kaiser).
The years following World War I are described as bringing "a highly vocal rebellion against established social, sexual, and aesthetic conventions and a vigorous attempt to establish new values" (Encyclopedia.com).
These writers had several things in common including that they "searched for meaning, drank excessively, had love affairs, and created some of the finest American literature to date" (Kaiser).
The Lost Generation also refers to the fact that these writers were culturally lost. Unable to find meaning they moved to Paris to try to find something greater. This is one of the common themes of their writing, with these themes being described as "spiritual alienation, self-exile, and cultural criticism" (Kaiser)."

Tags:Stein, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Elliot, Paris, bohemian, writers, artists, poets