Abstract
This paper looks at lipids and other fats of the body. The author discusses their composition and functions.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Triglycerides
3. Tables and Pictures
4. Waxes
5. Steroids
6. Cholesterol
7. Phospholipids
8. Glycolipids
9. Sphingolipids
10. Consumption of Lipids
11. Storage of Lipids
12. Lipid Oxidation
13. Lipid Bilayer
14. Atherosclerosis
15. Gallstones
16. Artheriosclerosis
17. Coronary Heart Disease
18. Conclusion

From the paper:

"Lipids are hydrocarbons that are found in living systems in the environment. The main classes of lipids are triglycerides, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, gylcolipids, and sphingolipids (Glanze). The simplest lipid, which makes up the backbone of all of these, is the fatty acid (see page 2). The main characteristics that separate the different kinds of lipids are the derivatives, such as acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes, found on the end of the hydrocarbons and their solubility in water. Most lipids are non polar and there for are not soluble in water but instead in fat solvents such as ether, chloroform, and benzene. From these two basic distinctions, there are dozens of possible lipids that can be formed in nature and synthetically (Cooper)."

Tags:anatomy, body, cholesterol, fats, human, lipids, obesity

Abstract
Ayurveda is a holistic medical science that was developed both within and by the Vedic culture beginning almost 7000 years ago. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast Ayurveda and Western holistic systems and to further analyze what is unique to Ayurveda and how it works harmoniously with other holistic approaches.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Ayurveda - Uniqueness Identified
Educating the Ayurvedic Practitioner
Ayurvedic Medicine: Three Types of Illness
History of Ayurveda
Western Holistic Systems and Ayurveda: The Difference
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Ayurveda "recognizes that every individual has a unique constitution; a set of conditions, characteristics, and life circumstances. Therefore, Ayurvedic treatment must properly address this unique constitution to maximize the benefits of treatment in the prevention or cure of disease. Ayurveda holds that an individual is healthy only if the mind, body, emotions and soul of the individual are perfectly aligned with the universe or the cosmic intelligence. This view of a unique construction is parallel to the modern science concept of DNA. (Lim, 2006) Techniques of breathing are for nurturing the life-force and ethics while mantra and mediation are used toward balancing the mind. "

Tags:mind, body, panchamabhutas

Abstract
This paper examines the arguments for and against the various philosophical understandings of the composition of human beings and whether or not consciousness exists. It looks at how the question of how to consolidate an understanding of our (physical self) body with our (immaterial self) soul is not a new discussion and how an understanding of how these aspects of our humanity interact fuels our belief system and our worldview, about subjects as diverse as life after death, stem cell research, the value of therapy for the brain injured and whether or not to pull the plug on an individual in a coma.

From the Paper
"The study of consciousness has become more popular recently. Its interdisciplinary focus further highlights the problem of definitions since, for example, a psychologist, a physicist and a philosopher would not use the word in the same way. Beichler defines consciousness as the "growing 'entanglement' or awareness of 'life,' 'mind' and the interconnections of all things in the universe via the fifth dimension" (p. 110). Physicists would argue that for consciousness to exist something must be alive, meaning that it is first necessary to determine whether something is alive or not. It is also important to consider whether this living thing has "self-motivation". I agree with Beichler when he suggests that while we detect our world in three or four dimensions there could in fact be more, within which an understanding of consciousness and intuition could be found. "

Tags:self, belief, system, life

Abstract
This paper explains the buffer systems in the human body. It specifically focuses on the role of the buffer systems in maintaining proper body pH. The paper explains the effect on the bodily systems if changes occur to shift the balance of acid-base systems to a range that is out of the norm. The paper looks at various cations and ions in the body and their function.

Table of Contents:
Changes in pH
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Oxygen

From the Paper
"Buffers and buffer reactions are one of the most important reactions in the human body. The body has a limited tolerance for changes in pH. The ability to maintain proper pH can present as a primary cause of concern, or it can represent a secondary complication. The most common problem associated with pH shifts are heart arrythmias and pulmonary problems. The six chemicals discussed in this research are the most important ones for maintenance of proper pH. However, there are many others that play a minor role. Understanding how the body maintains homeostasis is one of the most important concepts that any medical professional can know."

Tags:cation, ion, ECF, acidosis, alkalosis

Abstract
The paper discusses how augmentative and alternative communications systems have dramatically impacted and enhanced the ability of impaired individuals to function and communicate. The paper describes how these systems replace or augment speech by use of gesture and body language, manual signs, handwriting and communication aids. The paper relates the history and development of AAC systems and focuses on the ways they help those children who cannot verbally communicate.

From the Paper
"Although the majority of individuals take their ability to verbally communicate for granted, this is a disability that millions of individuals suffer from. Individuals with severe communication disorders do not have the luxury of being able to clearly and succinctly communicate with others through speech. This problem has been a persistent one within society and that has only recently been greatly helped by the creation of tools for those with communication disorders."

Tags:disorders, speech, language, hearing, technology, verbal, skills

Abstract
This paper examines the nervous and digestive systems of reptiles, emphasizing their main characteristics and briefly compare them to the nervous and digestive systems at other vertebrates including humans. The author points out that the anatomical characteristics of the reptile's nervous system, such as the position of the brain or the spinal cord, resemble closely those of the human and higher vertebrates; the reptilian nervous system has developed to provide the best adaptation of the reptiles' necessities, with emphasis on sight, smell and motor functions. The paper relates that birds and reptiles are the only vertebrates to have the cloacae chamber, the removal system of the body, is where the feces is discharged; the urodaeum receives the urogenital tract ducts and the proctodaeum acts as a common collecting area prior to evacuation.

From the Paper
"As such, the reptilian nervous system is formed of two different components: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system is composed of all nervous tissues and structures that do not actually belong to the CNS. As at other vertebrates, the brain, constituent part of the central nervous system, is protected by the skull. The bones forming the skull similarly have names such as parietal and occipital, which also form the human skull, for example."

Tags:vertebrates, adaptation, cloacae, whole, esophagus

Abstract
As modern science learns more about the human body and the functions of its various systems, material science is delving into the molecular level. The marriage of these two fields is considered to be nanotechnology. This paper gives detailed descriptions of this modern technology and the ways in which it can help medicine in the future.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is a Nanobot?
A Nanobot Example
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Communicating with nanobots inside the body could be a little tricky; the easiest way to communicate seems to be acoustically. It's easy enough to get a message in, say with ultrasound, but picking up a message from the nanobot might be a challenge. The nanobot is so small that any acoustic signal it would transmit would be attenuated within a few microns of flesh. Some suggest that the nanobots should first be instructed to build a large scale transmitter at a specific location just under the skin, which the doctor could then monitor. The nanobots would have inter-nanobot communication capabilities and then could relay messages to the transmitter. In this way, the tasks of the nanobots could be changed in a sequential matter as needed (Hall)."

Tags:technology, medicine, communication, molecular, biology

Abstract
This paper looks at the different parts of the human body and their functions. The systems reviewed and explained are: respiratory, circulatory, digestive, renal, reproduction, muscular, skeletal, endocrine, blood and nervous.

From the Paper
"The body consists of a number of different systems which work together and function as a whole. These include ..."

Tags:respiratory, circulatory, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, renal, digestive, nervous

Abstract
The paper addresses the importance of the reliability, resilience and vulnerability of the structures of flood protection systems and how the expected costs-benefits of analyzing these three factors can help the governments and industrialists to improve and enhance security against floods. The paper explores several flood protection systems including the flood pumping station, flood gates, Geodesign barriers and water reservoirs. The paper also includes recommendations of where the overall flood protection industry needs to move to better tackle the imminence of floods and the long-term revival that follows. Several tables and figures are included in the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Body
Recommendation
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are of course categories of disasters that bring the least and the most harm to the human race. One of the biggest concerns in the 21st century has been the growing imminence of heightened floods in the coastal regions of the world, both developed and underdeveloped. Floods not only lead to destruction of property and life but also cause long-term problems for the local and national government who need to step up and provide the victims of the flood with permanent relocated homes. One of the biggest examples of such displacement is the 2005 Hurricane Katrina that hit the US Gulf Coast literally causing havoc for one of the most developed nations in the world and leaving the government helpless for timely assistance (Appleseed, 2006). The displacement in the state of New Orleans alone saw more 250,000 people move out of the state permanently in search for a place to live as recorded in the Louisiana Health and Population Survey for the year (Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, 2006). "It is known that 90% of flood damage in the United States alone, with totals of over $30 BILLION in damage, is in less than 1 meter of water" (US Flood Control Corp accessed from http://www.usfloodcontrol.com/)."

Tags:flood, pumping, station, gates, Geodesign, barriers, water, reservoirs

Abstract
This research paper deals with issues related to modern information and decision Support systems in private & governmental organizations. It also discusses each functional area of an organization examining its own body of information to collect, to analyze, to store and to use in decision-making for that particular function.