Abstract The paper describes the "Bodies" exhibit, one of several traveling science exhibitions illustrating human anatomy through a remarkable use of real human cadavers. The paper explains that the exhibit includes whole plasticized corpses placed in athletic poses that show off the inner workings of the human body, as well as body parts, for a more in-depth analysis of organs and systems. The paper is of the opinion that in spite of its coldly scientific vibe, the exhibit is well-managed, inspiring and highly informative.
From the Paper "In addition to the general goriness of the exhibit, the source of the bodies has cause considerable controversy. Unlike von Hagen's, the bodies in the Seattle exhibit were those of people who died of natural causes but were unclaimed by friends or relatives (Doughton). Because they were unclaimed, the bodies were donated to a medical hospital and were later plasticized for Bodies. Dr. Sui Hongjin, a protege of Dr. Hagens, was in charge of the plasticization technique used on the bodies on display in the exhibit (Doughton)."
Tags: plasticization, cadavers, organs, muscle, groups, systems
Abstract The paper evaluates the importance of water in the normal function of all bodysystems and organs. The paper explains that the existence of hormones within various glands also play a role in the normal absorption and secretion mechanisms of water within the various bodysystems, which work to regulate bodily functions on a regular basis whenever possible.
From the Paper "The human body's general life-sustaining functions and complex processes are critically dependent upon the intake of water in order to survive. The body is comprised of a significant percentage of water and this facilitates body systems and organs to function properly. Without the active and continuous presence of water in the human body, it is highly likely that these functions will fail and will lead to an early death. In sustaining the necessary level of water for all bodily functions, it is critical to identify and comprehend the utilization of hormones as a means of promoting the body's routine operations to function in a normal way at all times. The following discussion will evaluate the significance of hormone function in promoting regulation of water within the human body throughout all functions and systems."
Abstract This paper examines the arguments for and against the various philosophical understandings of the composition of human beings and whether or not consciousness exists. It looks at how the question of how to consolidate an understanding of our (physical self) body with our (immaterial self) soul is not a new discussion and how an understanding of how these aspects of our humanity interact fuels our belief system and our worldview, about subjects as diverse as life after death, stem cell research, the value of therapy for the brain injured and whether or not to pull the plug on an individual in a coma.
From the Paper "The study of consciousness has become more popular recently. Its interdisciplinary focus further highlights the problem of definitions since, for example, a psychologist, a physicist and a philosopher would not use the word in the same way. Beichler defines consciousness as the "growing 'entanglement' or awareness of 'life,' 'mind' and the interconnections of all things in the universe via the fifth dimension" (p. 110). Physicists would argue that for consciousness to exist something must be alive, meaning that it is first necessary to determine whether something is alive or not. It is also important to consider whether this living thing has "self-motivation". I agree with Beichler when he suggests that while we detect our world in three or four dimensions there could in fact be more, within which an understanding of consciousness and intuition could be found. "
"Lipids are hydrocarbons that are found in living systems in the environment. The main classes of lipids are triglycerides, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, gylcolipids, and sphingolipids (Glanze). The simplest lipid, which makes up the backbone of all of these, is the fatty acid (see page 2). The main characteristics that separate the different kinds of lipids are the derivatives, such as acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes, found on the end of the hydrocarbons and their solubility in water. Most lipids are non polar and there for are not soluble in water but instead in fat solvents such as ether, chloroform, and benzene. From these two basic distinctions, there are dozens of possible lipids that can be formed in nature and synthetically (Cooper)."
Abstract This paper answers a number of questions about the lymphatic system and the immune system. The paper includes technical descriptions of both systems and discusses their anatomical and physiological features.
From the Paper "The lymphatic system is a one-way system because it functions to return excess tissue fluid to the circulation. It only flows in one direction. The blood vascular system is a two-way system because it brings oxygen and nutrients to the tissues via the arteries and takes carbon dioxide and waste products away from the tissues via the veins. Lymphatic vessels resemble veins in that they have thin walls and they have valves to prevent back flow. Lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries in that they begin in the..."
Tags: antigen, antibody, lumph node, lyphatic system
Abstract This essay describes key components of the immune system and how the body uses this system. Also discussed is the cause and effect relationship between stress, the immune system, and certain diseases. Articles listed in the bibliography of this paper are also appended.
From the Paper "How quickly a deceased human (or animal) body breaks down is testament to how well the immune system works. While a body is alive, the immune system protects the body at every living moment from bacteria and other foreign invaders. The immune system is a complex system of cells"which have varying functions"and generated at discreet regions of the body, a circulatory system?the lymphatic system--that feeds of and into the blood circulatory system and lymph nodes that act as effective filters and stores of foreign bodies marked for destruction by antibody action. Most of the time, the immune system protects the body. But on rare occasions we might need outside help: this is when he system does not "figure out" the invasion and the body has to be coaxed into producing antibodies by inoculation with weaker forms of the pathogen. In the case of HIV and AIDS, the body has not been able to create an effective defense, thus these immune deficiency disorders have become the scourge of the last few decades. This essay will not only describe key component of the immune system and how a body uses this system, but will also explore the cause and effect relationship between stress, the immune system and certain diseases."
Abstract This paper begins with a description of the AIDS virus and how it effects the human body and an explanation of how the virus is transmitted. The paper then examines the costs of HIV infection to the health care system and how these additional costs affect the health care delivery system in general.
From the Paper "In 1982, a disease known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, or AIDS, was officially recognized in the United States (Shi & Singh, 2004). Since that time, the disease has become a world-wide epidemic, with more than 830,000 cases reported in the U.S. (National Institute of Health (NIH), 2003). The disease, caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has infected scores of people as well, with over 38 million people living with the virus worldwide in 2003. Since the first diagnosis of AIDS in 1982, over 20 million people have died worldwide (UNAIDS, 2004)."
Tags: diagnosis, sexual, contact, needle, sharing, blood, transfusions, immune, systems
Abstract This paper answers a number of specific questions about the cardiovascular system, some of them structural, but many of them tracing blood flow paths through the body. A discussion of the systemic, pulmonary, and fetal circulations is included as well.
From the Paper "The pulmonary circulation takes de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where it is re-oxygenated and returned to the left atrium. From here it passes into the left ventricle. The systemic circulation pumps blood from the left ventricle out to the rest of the body where it delivers oxygen to the tissues and picks up carbon dioxide for discharge from the body by the lungs. It returns the de- oxygenated blood to the right atrium. From here the blood passes into the right ventricle and into the..."
Abstract Ayurveda is a holistic medical science that was developed both within and by the Vedic culture beginning almost 7000 years ago. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast Ayurveda and Western holistic systems and to further analyze what is unique to Ayurveda and how it works harmoniously with other holistic approaches.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Ayurveda - Uniqueness Identified
Educating the Ayurvedic Practitioner
Ayurvedic Medicine: Three Types of Illness
History of Ayurveda
Western Holistic Systems and Ayurveda: The Difference
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Ayurveda "recognizes that every individual has a unique constitution; a set of conditions, characteristics, and life circumstances. Therefore, Ayurvedic treatment must properly address this unique constitution to maximize the benefits of treatment in the prevention or cure of disease. Ayurveda holds that an individual is healthy only if the mind, body, emotions and soul of the individual are perfectly aligned with the universe or the cosmic intelligence. This view of a unique construction is parallel to the modern science concept of DNA. (Lim, 2006) Techniques of breathing are for nurturing the life-force and ethics while mantra and mediation are used toward balancing the mind. "
Abstract This paper examines the issue of body image as seen through the results of an Australian research study. The paper begins with a historical overview of standards for the ideal body. In particular, gender differences and body image are discussed. Then, methods for data collection for the Australian study are presented. The author states that gender differences were in fact a focus of the study. The results are then analyzed, with the outcome showing that women are dissatisfied with their body size. The paper includes charts and graphs to illustrate research findings.
Outline:
Introductions
Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper "Results testing the second hypothesis revealed a significant difference between gender perceptions, these differences are displayed within the below table. Data shows that both men and women over estimate the level of their desired body types compared with attractiveness. The difference between the most attractive male body types to women compared to the average desired body size of men shows an overall difference of .53. While the most attractive body size to men and the average desired female body size has a difference of .26. The data seems to suggest that men have a greater over inflation of their body size perception than women by a significant figure."
Abstract The writer of this paper details the symptoms as well as the media's contribution to body dysmorphic disorder, also known as distorted body image. Body dysmorphic disorder has become a tremendous problem in today's society due to the barrage of negative messages sent to women by the media. This paper discusses the effect of the media, in all its forms - television, radio, print advertising, internet, etc., which has an enormous influence on what people deem as attractive in today's society. The unnecessary emphasis the media places on appearance tends to adversely affect the mental and physical health of those it comes in contact with. Body dysmorphic disorder can lead to damaged self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. This paper details the manner in which advertisers place heavy emphasis on physical appearance as a means of selling products. Too often in doing so, unnecessary pressure is placed on women to conform to unrealistic and oftentimes, unhealthy standards of beauty.
From the Paper "Women want someone they can relate to. The Body Shop, a supplier of natural beauty products, offered a much-needed change from the typical message provided by advertisers; "There are three billion women who don't look like supermodels, and only eight who do. The Australian magazine New Woman included a picture of a heavy-set model on its cover recently. This action produced a lot of positive comments from the magazine's female readers. Despite this fact, advertisers threatened to pull their sponsorship. This shows that advertisers know what they are doing when they include a woman whose body is unattainable to society at large."
Abstract This paper begins with a definition of body dysmorphic disorder and focuses on BDD as it relates to men. The paper continues to highlight muscle dysmorphia and the factors that contribute to the development of body dysmorphic disorder in men. In conclusion it explores treatment of the disorder.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Men
Factors that Influence the Development of BDD in Men
Treatments for BDD in Men
Diagnosing BDD in Men
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "Although body dysmorphic disorder was once mostly confined to women, the disorder is now extremely prevalent in males. According to Phillips & Castle (2001) recent studies have indicated that an increasing number of men are also dissatisfied with their bodies. One study even revealed that 43% of men were not satisfied with their bodies (Phillips & Castle 2001). In addition, Phillips & Castle (2001) asserts that percentage of males with a negative body image has tripled in the past 25 years. Research also reveals that men are just as likely to be dissatisfied with their appearance as women are (Phillips & Castle 2001). "
Abstract The objective of this paper is to research the topic of sublimation of the body as discussed by Aristotle. The paper also reviews the topic from the perspective of Plato, and compares Plato's view with that of Aristotle. The paper also reviews and researches the related area of mind and body dualism.
Outline:
Objective
Sublimation Defined
Introduction
Aristotle and Alchemy: Sublimation of the Body Literature That Discusses Aristotle's View
Plato's View
Mind/Body Dualism
The Jewish View of Dualism
The Spiritual View of Dualism
John Beloff on Dualism
Summary
From the Paper "Aligned with the mind, 'human sense' is radiant. As organs of the flesh, on the other hand, the senses collapse into an obscuring, destructive sensuality. Sight--the sense closest to the 'mind's eye'--is both a tool for the acquisition of knowledge, and a locus of carnal desire." Stated further in this work is that in the treatise on 'Moral Philosophy' of Roger Bacon written in the mid-thirteenth century, Bacon reasoned that 'In his treatise on 'Moral Philosophy' written in the mid-thirteenth century, Roger Bacon reasoned that 'evil men lose their identity, because the identity of a thing consists in retaining its order and preserving its nature'. Sin, however, 'is contrary to the order of nature . . .' He concludes: 'you cannot regard as a human being the man whom you see transformed by vices'. (Sight and Embodiment in the Middle Ages, nd) Additionally stated is: "Because of the polluting influence of the emotions and appetites, the gods of Plato's Timaeus had 'located the mortal element of man in a separate part of the body, and constructed the neck as a kind of isthmus and boundary between head and breast to keep them apart'.12 The 'mortal element', Plato wrote, is divided in turn by the midriff (or diaphragm), according to its 'better and worse' properties; the emotions being superior to the appetite. To illustrate this idea of the properly ordered and contained body, he used the telling analogy of a house 'divided into men and women's quarters'."
Abstract In this paper the author examines how Winterson addresses the issues of boundaries and desire. The author specifically looks at ?Written on the Body? and tries to convey to us what physical love means through the act of making us complicit. The author suggests that Winterson does this by telling the story via a narrator who is given neither name nor gender. The author suggests the book thus serves as a personal way of investigating new avenues of sexuality and thus of love.
From the paper:
?This book is an investigation of the body of a beloved ? the body as the site of nerve endings that provide us with all the physical pleasures that we will ever know as well as the repository of all the emotional responsiveness that we can desire. One of the most compelling things about this book is that Winterson does not fall into an easy dichotomy between these two kinds of passions as is all too often the case.?
Abstract This paper reviews the role of the body in ancient art. According to this paper, the way in which the human body is depicted in ancient artwork can actually tell us much about the social and historical context in which that artistic representation was created.
From the Paper "The site where art collides with artifact is one in the study of ancient societies that can reveal much about how specific societies constructed meaning in the world. Artistic representations and images are some of the best windows into the operation of any society - they can express the ways in which cultural values are expressed. This can be particularly important for the art historian, who uses an understanding of the way art portrays meaning to unearth new knowledge and understanding of the way that ancient societies functioned and what they valued."
