From the Paper
"Introduction
Over the years, attempts have been made to define the contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to changes in body composition and body fat content. There is no doubt that excessive alcohol consumption leads to destruction of the liver, and thus associated body composition changes, and that many alcoholics appear undernourished, as they drink rather than eat, but the actual contributions of alcohol intake to body composition and body fat have been poorly studied. In the next section, some of the studies on the affect of alcohol on body fat and body composition will be examined. A proposed study to define the effects of excessive alcohol consumption on changes in body fat and body composition will be outlined. Knowing how alcohol affects body composition may give clinicians a clue as to..."

Abstract
This paper discusses fat phobia in Western society and how it affects girls and women of all ages. The paper specifically demonstrates how overweight women are the targets of discrimination, hatred and fat-phobia. The paper defines the terms 'fat', 'overweight' and 'obese' and then examines the ways in which fat women are discriminated against.

Table of Content:
Body Image Issues Since 1900
Fat Oppression and Women

From the Paper
"Women are far from merely oppressed from the outside. They have internalized the fears and phobias towards fatness, maintaining lives of undue discipline and self-policing of behavior. How many women count their calories or read nutrition labels for fat content while insisting they are not dieting? Women manipulate their lives so that food appears to be a non-issue for them. Men will often whine that they are annoyed when women won't eat in their presence, yet women believe they are doing that so men will find them more attractive. The oppression of fatness in our culture is not one that only affects those deemed 'medically overweight.' Pick up any magazine or watch any television show (particularly during daytime TV) and you will realize how prevalent notions of 'thin is the only option' are. The fat woman in the ad is often portrayed as lonely, searching for a new career and looking for that perfect love. The only way she can ever achieve these goals is to be thin, at any cost."

Tags:diet obesity oppression, body image

Abstract
This paper explains that the main ideas of Amy Corey's article "Body Politics in Online Communication" are based on the public forum of the reality show, "Fear Factor", which she considers a discriminative communication tool. Her arguments, the author indicates, are founded on a research study conducted on the free online forum entitled "Fat Fear Factor" in which a subtle discussion over the issue of body representation is conducted. The paper analyzes the methods used by Corey as reported in this article.

From the Paper
"On the one hand, concerning the technicalities of online communication, from the analysis conducted to the lines of the messages and responses to posts, she concludes that there is indeed distinctiveness in the way in which people communicate online versus face-to-face communication. More precisely, in the first situation they are more willing to talk about the issues otherwise would be reluctant to address such as for instance body fat or the way in which society treats overweight people."

Tags:thread, body weight, discrimination, fat fear factor, technicalities

Abstract
This paper discusses Mimi Richter's book on teen dieting and how parents can cope with it. It details several extensive research interviews with a large group of girls over an extended period of time and looks at what teen girls and their parents had to say about the issues of body image and weight control. It discusses the whole female body weight issue in American culture from an anthropological point of view.

From the Paper
"In the book Fat Talk: What Girls and their Parents Say about Dieting, the author Mimi Richter looks at one aspect of teen culture "perceptions of body image" from an anthropologist's standpoint. The author explains why she feels an examination of these issues from outside the medical community is important. She reports that she sees many articles in magazines, newspapers and other sources about eating disorders, but notes that only 1 - 3% of teens actually have some kind of eating disorder. She describes this kind of exaggeration "a propensity to pathologize youth" (p. 2). "

Tags:diet, teen, culture, body, image, anthropology

Abstract
This paper explores how the media affects the body image of women and the way in which they perceive themselves. The writer makes reference to Fannie Flag's, "Fried Green Tomatoes" and comments on examples of eating disorders, their symptoms and their psychological make-up as seen in the movie

From the Paper
?I?m just so FAT!? Do these words sound familiar? Depending on who you are and how you view yourself, maybe they do and maybe they don't. But it is clear that nowadays women just aren't content with their body image. They complain that their boobs are sagging, their tummy has rolls, their hair is turning gray, wrinkles are creeping on their face, their underarms are flabby, they just don't feel SEXY, and the list goes on and on. Why all the fuss" I think this concern is rooted particularly in the media. I remember flipping through several magazines and seeing stick skinny supermodels flaunting themselves. Obviously, how women really are today is very different from what society portrays them to be. So while women are busily trying to fit into the cookie cutter mold of this "perfect" body, they miss the complete picture. Stressing yourself out by trying to get the perfect look isn't going to make you happy because in the end it will just eat away at your well being. Instead, I believe that you should accept and love yourself no matter what size and shape you are."

Tags:binge, diet, nutrition, fat, thin, society, reality, fantasy, slenderness, magazine, attitude

Abstract
This paper discusses fat intake and people's concerns over ingesting high levels of fat. It begins by describing the importance of fats for normal body functioning. It then goes on to describe the risks of taking too many trans fats, saturated fats and cholesterol into the body. The paper concludes with a letter to a college cafeteria regarding the health content of the food they provide.

From the Paper
"According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, more than 12.5 million Americans have CHD, and more than 500,000 die from it each year. This makes CHD one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. The DRI committee recommends that no more than 30 - 35 percent of calories should come from fat. The percentage may vary with the total calories. For example, a person who needs 2,000 calories per day, the recommended intake of saturated fat is 20 grams or less per day, and the recommended intake of total fat is 65 grams. To alert people about the importance of fat intake, the FDA has required saturated fat and dietary cholesterol to be listed on food labels since 1993, and, on January 1, 2006, the FDA began requiring the addition of trans fat on labels."

Tags:cholesterol, LLD, coronary, lipids

Abstract
This paper analyzes the issues pertinent to society's demands of women and their appearances. The paper examines the ways women feel about their bodies, and explains how their looks sometimes define their self confidence and self esteem. The paper provides references from various books and surveys on this topic. An in-depth look is taken at the breast cancer patient and how she deals with her body image.

From the Paper
"Somewhere in the media and development of our current social paradigm women have developed the idea that there really is not "perfect" woman, but each woman would like to be the first one. This is what causes the never-ending spiral effect of women's competition to be "perfect". Conscienceless or unconsciously, women believe that they will never be perfect; There will always be a "better look" to strive for. Personally I think there is a lot of nonsense in this theory that women have convinced themselves is common knowledge and fact. What women are really seeking is the happiness that is believed to be possessed by men because it doesn't really matter what men look like as long as they are successful in their jobs."

Tags:society, perfection, thin, fat, diet, model, appearances, chemotherapy

Abstract
This paper focuses on the role that fats and cholesterol play in overall human health. The paper explains that their role is vital - both positive and negative. Understanding the nature of fats and cholesterol, how they work with the body, and how their levels and kinds in both intake and use within the body affect health. Fats are necessary for a variety of biological functions, the paper asserts; certain vitamins are only fat-soluble, and store energy for the body, help protect organs against physical shock, are necessary for healthy skin and hair, maintain body temperature, and are necessary for healthy cellular function.

From the Paper
"Fats and cholesterol play a vital role in overall health -both positive and negative. Understanding the nature of fats and cholesterol, how they work with the body, and how their levels and kinds in both intake and use within the body affect health. Fats are necessary for a variety of biological functions: certain vitamins are only fat-soluble, they store energy for the body, they help protect organs against physical shock, are necessary for healthy skin and hair, they maintain body temperature, and are necessary for healthy cellular function. Additionally, fat cells are able to absorb harmful chemicals taken in by the body and assist in their ... "

Tags:diet, lipid, level, food, heart

Abstract
This paper uses professional research to support the hypothesis that pervasive images of hyper-thin models in the media have a negative impact on body image among teenage girls in the U.S. The paper further argues that these image can potentially lead to eating disorders, depression and other negative outcomes if young women feel they don't meet these idealized standards.

From the Paper
" Historically what is considered attractive or sexually appealing in body size and image changes over time. In the past the full-figured rounded curves of women often referred to as Rubenesque, after the famous painter Peter Paul Rubens, who enjoyed painted full-figured women was considered highly desirable. Today, however, the objectification of female bodies in the media particularly, models whose size one bodies border on anorexic is in vogue. This trend however is dangerous in that such thin-ideal models often..."

Tags:objectification, Rubenesque, norm, idealized, celebrities, TV, comparison, bulimia, anorexia, binge eating, teenage males, male expectations, obesity, fat

Abstract
This paper is a critical review and ?personal? examination of the women?s diet book, "The Fit or Fat Woman: Solutions for Women?s Unique Concerns." Author Covert Bailey suggests that women have difficulty losing weight because they use diet plans that are designed for a male?s physiology and thus the body chemistry of women do not respond as well as men?s to male-oriented diet plans. The paper takes a negative perception of Bailey?s book, as the author suggests that women can either be ?fit? or ?fat? and that there is no middle ground where these two elements blend, and that Bailey also uses a degrading writing style in which to address his female readers.

From the Paper
"This paper shall examine and address the specifics of Covert Bailey's book on women's health, The Fit or Fat Woman: Solutions for Women's Unique Concerns. Published in 1989 by Houghton Mifflin Co., this book immediately became a best-seller based on its humorous yet accurate examination of women's self-perceptions and issues such as dieting, physical exercise, and proper nutritional balance. Covert Bailey is a biochemist who addresses women's concerns from a fairly unique perspective: Rather than allowing women to burden themselves with diets that address a male physiology and diet, Bailey suggests that women have a body chemistry that differs from that of their male counterparts, resulting in inaccuracies when they use diets that are designed for men. This indicates that the use of these diets, while geared towards a more general state of health, also harms the woman through the time lost through following a male-oriented diet."

Tags:bias, diet, dietary, diets, exercise, gender, history, nutrition