Abstract
This paper reviews how Stephen Crane's story 'The Open Boat' demonstrates the development of several themes. Three of the themes that are consistent throughout the story include the brotherhood of man, perseverance and death. The paper further discusses how the existence of four men struggling in a dinghy on the ocean after a shipwreck provides a situation within the story where survival is always in question. Additionally the ability of the men to continue the journey to safety is made possible primarily because of the unspoken concern that they have for one another.

Tags:open, boat, theme

Abstract
A look at the career of Erich Topp, one of the most successful German U-Boat commanders. A look at his life, his career, his successes and contributions.

From the Paper
"In the early morning of October 31, 1941, the Type VIIC U-Boat, U-552, attacked the British convoy HX156. The boat was detected and one of the escorts was directed toward the enemy below. The escort was a United States Navy destroyer, USS Reuben James. U-552 torpedoed her and she sank with significant loss of life. This was several weeks before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II. The commanding officer of U-552 was Erich Topp and this single incident would have been enough to ensure his fame or infamy. Topp recalled his feelings at the time as ?the tension a man endures when he thinks he is making history, however unintentional,? as being enormous. Yet though Topp perceived the gravity of this incident and its political ramifications, this incident represents but one of many peculiarities in a remarkable career. "

Tags:navy, boats, crew, war, fight, soldier, honor, loyalty

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the German U-boat, a submarine used very effectively by Germany in WWI and WWII. According to the paper, the U-boat's attribute that most contributed to its success, was its invisibility.

Outline:
Origins of the U-boat
The Significance of the U-Boat
A Brief History of the U-boat the Second World War
The Decline of U-Boats in the Second World War
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In theory the German's felt that the U-boats, with their particular properties, were capable of dealing a severe blow to the enemy, despite Allied sea power. (The U-boat and Allied Naval Communication Intelligence) In the first years of the Second World War this theory proved to be correct and the U-boats inflicted severe damage to the Allied conveys. For instance, in 1941, 432 Allied ships were sunk by U-boats, which amounted to 2,171,754 tons of shipping and supplies lost by the allies. (Kemble, Mike 2001) This was a serious setback for the allies as they could not build ships fast enough to carry on the necessary supplies. The situation was to worsen in 1942 when 1644 Allied ships were sunk. During that year the number of U-boats rose from 91 to 212. (Kemble, Mike 2001) By February of 1943 losses to the allies reached 359,000 tons."

Tags:effective, weapons, arsenal, german, torpedo, hydraulic, loading, system, codes

Abstract
This paper provides a response to Christina Riegel's critical response to Alistair Macleod's "The Boat". The paper argues that Riegel's response is correct; the boat does indeed appear to be an example of fiction elegy.

From the Paper
"The works of Alistair Macleod often deal with life in the Maritimes provinces. In particular, Macleod focuses on family dynamics and how they are affected by the sea. Macleod often focuses on the lives of lighthouse keepers and fishermen and the traditions that they have developed due to their connection to the sea. Macleod's works are critically acclaimed and subjected to a wide range of academic and critical examination. In "Elegy and Mourning in Alistair Macleod's "The Boat" Christina Riegel provides a critical examination of Macleod's short story "The Boat". Her central argument is that "The Boat" can be placed into a literary category known..."

Tags:critical, response, assignment

Abstract
This paper describes the father-son relationships depicted in Alistair McLeod's work, "The Boat" and in Guy Vanderhaeghe's work "Cages". The paper first looks at Alistair McLeod's story "The Boat" and his portrayal of a Puritan family and the father's role in the protagonist's life. The paper then looks at Guy Vanderhaeghe's work "Cages" that describes a father who will do anything for his sons to have a better life than himself. The paper points out that in both stories, we are shown a father's relationship with his son(s) and how it shapes an identity.

From the Paper
"Shakespeare actually considered himself a poet, not a writer. Many successful screenwriters acknowledge that their works do not reflect reality, only that they use poetic devices to create something that resembles it (Trottier 7). Likewise, those who write fiction - whether they admit it or not - have a great deal in common with poets, who are said to "paint pictures with words" (source of quote unknown). The blank page is the canvas, and the palette consists of colours we have conveniently labelled as "symbol," "image," "narrative," "contrast," "metaphor," "reversal," and more (Harmon, 262, 441, 507). These literary "colors" - devices - are used in establishing characters' identities, and the identity of their relationships to each other."

Tags:identity, imagery, escape

Abstract
This paper examines the argument that the frequent characterization of the story and Crane's career as a whole as exemplary of American naturalism or realism has clouded a more nuanced view of "The Open Boat."The paper also discusses how, iIn contrast to his novels, such as the novella The Blue Hotel, "The Open Boat" has a deliberately symbolic, fable-like, almost fairy tale-like style and how, even the idea that it is about 'four men in a tub' undercuts the realism of many of the descriptions of the natural world. In contrast, the paper looks at how in "The Blue Hotel", the characters are buffeted by nature, rather than individuals who make poor choices who bring their fates upon them and how the fable-like quality is further underlined--the men have no choice but to resist the sea or die, they do not seek out their own demise.

From the Paper
"In "The Open Boat," the four main characters are stranded in dinghy "four sailors, bound together by misfortune and camaraderie, form a community, and insofar as each of them is defined and limited by our understanding of their joint predicament," (Rath & Shaw 97). Much like in a fable, the characters are defined primarily by their vocation, role in the plot, and a few generalized character traits: their complexity as individual actors does not fully evolve. The problem in defining the style of "The Open Boat:" "lies somewhere between the story's two poles: the narrator's journalistic duty to maintain strict fidelity to the events of the marine accident that inspired the tale, and the author's artistic desire to dramatize the ethical conflict underlying an intensely human situation" (Rath & Shaw 97). "

Tags:sea, Scully, Commodore, wreck

Abstract
This paper tells how Crane's family, travels, his real life experiences and the time era in which he grew up and wrote (the era of Social Darwinism and Devout Humanists) encouraged him to be the type of writer that he was. This paper also shows Crane's writing styles of "impressionistic color" and "detailed symbolism" and gives examples from the story. It shows too how Crane used the underlying themes of "picturesque imagery" and "incisive irony" in "The Open Boat."

From the Paper
"Stephen Crane was one of America's foremost naturalistic writers. Crane exercised keen observations, as well as personal experience to achieve a narrative vividness and sense of contiguity realized by few American writers before him (Votleler 97). Stephen Crane was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1871. He was the youngest of fourteen children born to a father, a Methodist Minister, and a socially reform minded mother. Crane's family settled in America during the mid-seventeenth century. Although his parents were religious people, Stephen systematically rejected religious and social traditions. He is described as a temperamentally gentle man, however, was obsessed with war and other forms of physical and psychic violence (Baym 741)."

Tags:darwinism, marxism, cuba, survival, commodore, narrative, structures, color, imagery

Abstract
This paper looks at the use of irony and symbolism in the novel. "The Open Boat" is a story of man's confrontation with death and the power of nature's indifference towards mankind. The writer shows how irony and symbolism remain constant throughout the story and present the reader with Crane's personal view of reality. The major examples of irony hidden throughout "The Open Boat" provide the reader with interpretations of their meanings.

From the Paper
"Stephen Crane writes in his work The Open Boat, "When it occurs to a man that nature does not regard him as important, and that she feels she would not maim the universe by disposing of him, he at first wishes to throw bricks at the temple, and he hates deeply the fact that there are no bricks and no temples Then if there be no tangible thing to hoot, he feels, perhaps, the desire to comfort a personification saying, 'Yes, but I love myself.' A high, cold star on a winter's night is the word he feels that she says to him. Thereafter he knows the pathos of his situation." "

Tags:irony, imagery, reality, symbolism, writer, novel

Abstract
The paper analyzes "The Open Boat" by Stephen Crane, an American writer accredited with having had a decisive contribution to the evolution of the realistic prose in the late 18th century. The paper further analyzes how one can use Marxist theory to better understand the complexity of "The Open Boat". The paper examines how Marxist theorists argue that that the meaning of all events can be determined only by fully circumscribing them to a historical reality and placing them in the context of a wider system of evolution.

From the Paper
"Therefore, the Marxist literary analysis considers tensions and conflicts arising from the interactions of the actors. The subsequent interpretation is one that must go beyond the actual literary text, as it is considered that every action is determined at one level by the influence of historical, social and economic circumstances. The perspective must take into consideration the latent tensions as well and develop on the hidden possible outbursts of violence (The Norton Anthology of American Literature, 1985). In the case of "The open boat", the tensions lay between man and nature, as he implacably realizes his lack of significance for the wider system of the world."

Tags:urban, poor, Henry, James, writing, style, bourgeoisie, proletariat.

Abstract
This research paper focuses on the 27-foot fishing boat from the first century BC found in the Sea of Galilee that is believed to be connected to the historical Jesus. The paper relates that the topic is linked to the ideas surrounding the historical Jesus, his life, activities, involvements, relationships, and view. The paper further relates that the information it contains also describes the artifact and looks at how and where it was discovered. The writer concludes that without the Sea of Galilee, used as an allegory in many of the parables of Jesus, these stories might have been much more difficult for the disciples to understand however, the references to the Sea of Galilee and specifically to the fishermen's trade lends comprehension to many of the sayings of Jesus, that otherwise would have been more difficult for the people of that time to discern and comprehend.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Was This The boat That Jesus Sat, Slept and Taught In?
The Fishing Economy & The Sea of Galilee
The Historical Jesus
Jesus was a Fisher of Men
Why the Sea of Galilee?
Summary & Conclusion

From the Paper
"In many ways, the Sea of Galilee is centric to the life and story of the historical Jesus as he called several of his disciples from the shorelines of the Sea of Galilee and they followed him without question. The Sea of Galilee was an important part of the economy in this area of the world during the time that Jesus walked upon the earth and fishing was an important livelihood as well as being important insofar as the food market in this area of the world. Jesus used the symbolism of the fish in many of his teachings, parables and sermons. In fact, the Christian symbol known as the Ichthus is the symbol of a fish, and it is know that during time of Christian persecution following the life, crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus that when two Christians would meet they would identify themselves one to the other by one tracing half of the fish symbol in the sand with his foot, and the other, if a Christian, would then trace the other half of the symbol in the sand with his foot thus completing the symbolic 'Ichthus' and both would know that they were in the company of another Christian and that it was safe to talk about Jesus and his ministry."

Tags:strength, shore, Jordan, river, waters