Abstract
This paper provides information about the African-American criminal gang, the Bloods. The paper details the Bloods' origins, activities, special language, manner of communication, mode of appearance and dress codes, as well as their initiation rites, ethical code and rules, and organizational structure. The paper also relates the gangs' eventual extension into drug dealings.

From the Paper
"Some gang members even throw nice parties to try and lure new clients in. At the party the new client will be offered a free hit of crack cocaine. The gang member knows that usually after their first hit they become hooked. And by doing this they now have a new client .They will do just about anything to ensure the distribution and sale of their narcotics to keep bringing in the money."

Tags:formations, criminal, activities, rivaled, gang, codes

Abstract
This paper discusses the plight of African-American soldiers in the Vietnam war, as told by the soldiers in their own words. The paper explains that many of them felt they were fighting a war they did not understand, while they were subjected to racism at home. The paper describes how this book changed or confirmed the writer's understanding of war. The ethical questions raised by the book are examined in the paper. Implications of the Vietnam war for our present situation in the Middle East are presented briefly. The paper concludes with the writer's personal evaluation of the book.

From the Paper
"The book "Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans"{ Wallace, 1980} is packed with many educative information for those of us too young to understand what happened in South East Asia during the Vietnam war. First of all the book is a collection of 20 war stories from enlisted African American soldiers taking part in the war. Most of the stories in the book show how divided America was about fighting the war. While there were demonstrations in the United States particularly on College campuses, many Americans failed to realize at that time that there were similar divisions among American soldiers in the Vietnam War. The experiences of the African American soldiers were influenced by the racism they experienced at home. According to Terry, the rage among African American soldiers in Vietnam was very high, one black soldier said, that what they been through in the Vietnamese jungles, in addition to their experiences in America is a terrible injustice. Some African American soldiers said they should even go back to America and start another civil war. Some soldiers asked why they should be fighting for prejudice of the Whiteman."

Tags:african, american, discrimination, racism, soldiers

Abstract
The paper relates that in 2007, an international team of scientists-led by Henrik Clausen, a professor at Denmark's University of Copenhagen-published a groundbreaking article in Nature Biotechnology. The paper discusses how the article described the team's success in discovering a process that could convert any type of human blood into the equivalent of Type O. The paper explains that Type O is the most versatile blood type, and is tolerated well by almost all humans in cases of blood transfusion, and thus the Clausen discovery anticipated the obsolescence of blood shortages, promising to revolutionize transfusion medicine. The paper discusses how at the same time, the discovery highlighted troubling questions of technology and privatization in healthcare, creating yet another ethical dilemma for patients, policy makers, researchers, healthcare administrators, and intellectual property holders such as ZymeQuest, the owner of the blood type conversion patent.

From the Paper
"In 2007, an international team of scientists--led by Henrik Clausen, a professor at Denmark's University of Copenhagen-published a groundbreaking article in Nature Biotechnology. The article described the team's success in discovering a process that could convert any type of human blood into the equivalent of Type O. Type O is the most versatile blood type, and is tolerated well by almost all humans in cases of blood transfusion. Thus, the Clausen discovery anticipated the obsolescence of blood shortages, promising to revolutionize transfusion medicine. At the same time, the..."

Tags:blood, enzymes, type o

Abstract
This paper evaluates the use of home blood pressure monitors from a physician's point of view. The author argues that blood pressure monitors are beneficial in the treatment of high blood pressure when patients self-monitor their blood pressure readings at home. The author stresses that the monitor must be approved.

Tags:blood, pressure, physicians

Abstract
This paper looks at the blood, and at the various cells of which it is composed. It looks at the properties of white cells, and the mechanism of homeostasis. It also looks at how overgrowth of a blood clot is prevented naturally, and examines two undesirable conditions of intra-vascular blood clotting.

Tags:blood cells, blood clotting

Abstract
The procedure manual for blood product transfusions disseminated by the Montefiore Medical Center is largely based on the policies and procedures set forth by the American Association of Blood Banks. While most of its procedures are universal in the sense that all hospitals carry out similar practices as stipulated by standardizing and accreditation institutions, variations in specific procedures are still present. The evidence base for the specific practices cited above is broad and must be evaluated periodically in-hospital to generate more appropriate, "local" evidence that further justifies their continued practice.

From the Paper
writer's ID in the requirements section of your customized order. Evidence-Based Assessment of Nursing Practice Protocol on Blood Product Transfusion The clinical nursing protocol discussed pertains to the patient care manual for blood and blood product administration, disseminated by the Montefiore Medical Center of the University Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. This manual was first issue January 1997, last revised September 2006. The manual was based on policies and protocols set in 2006 by the American Association of Blood Banks, which can be found in "Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services." A

Tags:nursing, blood, transfusion

Abstract
This paper documents a lab study of the exercise's effect on blood pressure and heart rate, and how graded exercise testing (GXT) can be used to measure a person's aerobic capacity and VO2 max. The paper explains a person's VO2 max is considered the most accurate measurement of the cardiovascular system, and that during the GXT, changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, serial ECG, breathing, and exertion can be monitored. All of these variables, the paper continues, can indicate what a person's aerobic capacity is, along with whether that person has a myocardial dysfunction. The paper points out that the ability to observe and measure these variables is considered very important because lacking budgets may prevent access to a metabolic calorimetry circuit. The paper's hypothesis proved correct, as subjects showed an increase in heart rate and systolic pressure during exercise, while diastolic pressure remained fairly constant concluded to be valid. This paper includes illustrative figures and data tables.

Outline:
Introduction
Procedures
Results
Conclusion
Questions
References

From the Paper
"Under normal conditions, systolic pressure will increase with exercise. However, the systolic pressure should never exceed 250 mm Hg. A large increase in diastolic pressure is not normal. Diastolic pressure should never exceed 115 mm Hg during intense exercise. Diastolic blood pressure has little variability with exercise. Failure of heart rate to increases during intense exercise is also an abnormal response to exercise. An individual's heart rate should also not decrease by more than 12 beats per minute within the first minute of exercise (lab manual, Durstine). Heart rate and blood pressure are measured for many various reasons. It is very important especially to measure heart rate and blood pressure during exercise to make sure the person is responding normally. When the maximum heart rate is exceeded, the individual may experience exhaustion and lactic acid build up. Also the body will stop burning fat (Misner, 2006). Hypertension, or high blood pressure, puts an individual at risk for coronary artery disease. Every 10-20 mm Hg starting at 115/75 mm Hg doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease. A normal blood pressure would be about 120/80 mm Hg. The pre-hypertension categories would range from 120-130/80-89 mm Hg. Stage one of hypertension would range from 140-159/90-99 mm Hg. Stage two of hypertension would include blood pressure over 160/100 mm Hg (lab manual, Durstine)."

Tags:YMCA, and, Bruce, Protocols, heart, rate, blood, pressure, measurements

Abstract
The paper compares a hospital's policy on blood transfusion and an article on the blood transfusion process and discusses their application to nursing.

From the Paper
"Hospitals such as New York Hospital, Queens, create multiple policies and procedures focused on various aspects of patient care services that impact upon interventions by nurses, physicians and other caregivers. New York Hospital, Queens, constructed a policy and procedure on blood transfusions with the intent of providing specific guidelines for the administration of blood and blood products to all patient cohorts by using maximum strategies for achieving safety and appropriateness. An article by Tien Nascimento Callum and Rizoli focused on an aspect..."

Tags:blood transfusion, nursing

Abstract
This paper looks at many factors relating to blood,including different cell types, Rh factor, serum constituents, how it circulates throughout the body and blood tests. The paper also looks at the average lifespan of red cells and explains the implications of higher than normal red cells.

From the Paper
"The average adult male has between five and six liters of blood and the average female has between four and five liters. The color of blood is determined by the state of oxygenation of its red cells. When blood leaves the heart it has been oxygenated in the lungs and therefore arterial blood is bright red. When blood has passed through the tissues oxygen has been removed from the red cells so the blood appears dark red in the veins. Nutrients carried in the blood include..."

Tags:blood cells, serum

Abstract
This paper discusses blood glucose and analyzes an experiment, which was conducted to determine the effects of hormones on blood glucose. This paper describes how the experiment was conducted, the materials and methods used, and then discusses and analyzes the results and findings from the experiment. This paper includes charts, graphs, and illustrations that correspond with the data.

From the Paper
"Blood glucose (sometimes inaccurately referred to as blood sugar) (Randall et al, 2002), is a measurement of the concentration of glucose in mammalian blood. Glucose is the most vital and direct source of energy for all living organisms, and it is required by virtually all cells all the time. This constant need is satisfied by an efficient system to transport sugar in the blood, via a complex network of hormones and neurotransmitters (Lodish et al, 2004). Thus, the important task of glucose regulation and distribution throughout the body is under the control of numerous chemical messengers. The most common method of studying their functions and interactions is by analyzing the blood glucose levels. This measurement is considered an indicator of the current net result of the hormones' actions relative to each other. A more practical approach is to inject a single hormone and observe its influence on blood glucose. In this experiment, three hormones were investigated using this method: insulin, glucagon and epinephrine (Animal Physiology I Laboratory Manual, Lab 7). Rabbits were chosen as subjects because they are physiologically similar in physiology to humans. Therefore, many of the results and ensuing conclusions of this experiment can be reliably applied to humans."

Tags:hormones science blood glucose chemicals, lab reports