Abstract
This paper explains that the term "dementia" is used by the medical community to describe patients with impaired intellectual capacity; dementia patients may also be labelled as having "presenile" or "senile" dementia, "chronic" or "organic brain syndrome," "arterio-sclerosis," or
"cerebral atrophy". The author points out that two of the most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, which causes the brain to lose its ability and makes it stop functioning normally, and multi-infarct dementia in which a blockage in the blood vessels causes damage to different parts of the brain resulting in minor strokes. The paper concludes that patients suffering from dementia become in many ways like children losing control over their mind and become strongly dependant on others to function normally; hence, the people who care for these patients must do so with love, understanding and patience.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Dementia
Clinical Presentation
Cognitive Changes
Psychiatric Symptoms
Personality Changes
Problem Behaviors
Changes in Day-to-Day Functioning
Charlie
The Work Environment
Management and Treatment
Dealing with Inappropriate Behavior
Conclusion

From the Paper
"With staff that worked with Charlie, I will step into the world of Charlie who is suffering from dementia for the past 6 years; he is 54 years old and at first glance would pass of as an extinguished old gentleman, greying at the temples having an air of aristocracy about him. When
Charlie first started to exhibit symptoms of dementia, his family put it down to mood swings and thought he was going through a period of depression and tried to help him. At first there were upset over his forgetfulness but soon realised that something was happening to Charlie which he had no ability to control and soon they found out that he
was suffering from dementia."

Tags:abnormal, alzheimer, cognitive, inappropriate, treatment

Abstract
The paper paints a picture of how Dubai has become one of the world's most thriving financial centers and goes on to illustrate how the trade that is transported to and from Iran through Dubai, is just one example of how Iran continues to survive the financial ostracization orchestrated by the United States. The paper highlights how U.S. consumption of oil depends on the ability for that oil to travel to our ports and so it is vitally important that political peace be maintained in the Middle East in order to keep the narrow waterways free of blockage. With this in mind, the paper explains why it was absolutely essential that during the 28th summit of the Gulf Cooperation Council, political negotiations remained peaceful. The paper then shows how European and Asian countries have found a way to skirt around the United States' sanctions imposed on Iran by trading through Dubai, which leaves the situation challenging for the United States.

From the Paper
"The United Arab Emirates' trading hub and tourist attraction is known as Dubai that resides on the Persian Gulf. Though Dubai has recently become a center of financial prosperity, the history of Dubai recounts how it was once a small center that was along the many trade routes in the Middle East. Currently, Dubai resides in the United Arab Emirates, which is a small semi-circular of Arab states or emirates that is at the foot of the Persian Gulf. These seven Arab states form a structured federation that began in December of 1971. Along with Qatar in the Gulf region, the United Arab Emirates, especially Dubai, has become the tourist destination of choice, particularly from China, Japan, and Great Britain."

Tags:oil, tankers, waterways, Suez, Canal, trade, banking, terrorism, Asia, Europe, Ahmadinejad

Abstract
This paper describes the symptoms and effects of Moyamoya Disease, an irreversible disorder that is caused by blockage of the main blood vessels to the brain. The paper also provides some information about support groups for people who need help to deal with this condition.

From the Paper
"So what is Moyamoya disease and how would you know if someone possibly has it? What are the symptoms? "Moyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebrovascular disorder caused by blocked arteries at the base of the brain in an area called the basal ganglia. The name "moyamoya" means "puff of smoke" in Japanese and describes the look of the tangle of tiny vessels formed to compensate for the blockage." (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Institutes of Health) This refers to the image that shows on diagnostic imaging, such as a MRI or a Cerebral Angiogram, which is used to detect this disease."

Tags:serious, fatal, disorder

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of medicine's inability to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance, the final technical obstacle to bringing face transplants into widespread clinical application. The paper presents an overview of historic and current immunological research - from the use of chimerism, to the use of monoclonal antibodies to control T-cell activation - and its role in future prospects for a non-pharmaceutical strategy for tolerance induction in humans. The paper highlights studies that have examined tolerance in recipients of composite tissue allografts (CTAs), with emphasis on studies using animal models involving skin allografts, and with the intent of providing insight into the issues presented by transplantation of a face. It includes graphs and photographs to illustrate this.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
CTA Study Goals
Antigenicity of Facial Allograft Components
Immune Tolerance and Chimerism
T-cells: Activation and Blockage
Memory Cells: The Ghost in the Immune Machine
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Investigators are exploring several strategies in an attempt to provide medicine with safe and effective pharmaceuticals and clinical protocols for inducing tolerance after transplant. These include creating and using chimerism, and developing targeted bio-engineered monoclonal antibodies to inactivate or destroy T cells. This review, in its overview of historical and current immunological research, provides insight into the development of a T-cell-based strategy from a basic understanding of chimerism. This review also highlights studies that examine tolerance in recipients of CTA transplants, with specific emphasis on those using skin allograft animal models."

Tags:medical, operation, plastic, surgery, anti-immune, system

Abstract
Stuttering is a communication disorder that interferes with a child's ability to speak fluently. It is characterized by the prolongation or blockage of sound, repetition, syllables or words, and its course can be cyclical, with the frequency and severity of the stuttering changing dramatically over time. This paper provides an overview of stuttering in preschool-age children, including how a stutter develops and how children are assessed.

Paper Outline:

General Description of the Disorder
Stuttering in Preschool-age Children
Patterns of Stuttering
Development of a Stutter
Assessment of Preschool Disfluent Children
Predictive Factors of Preschool Children Who Will Have Persistent Stuttering
References

From the Paper
"Trautman says that there is also some research suggesting that children who have a behaviorally inhibited temperament might be at increased risk for stuttering (e.g. children who appear to be more sensitive to changes and tend to cry more often). In addition, Trauman notes that some parents have reported changes in the fluency of their child's speech after (non-related) treatment with stimulant medications, such as Ritalin (methylphenidate) and some asthma medications. However, she says that she knows of no clinical evidence supporting these observations."

Tags:communication, disfluency, repetition, Ritalin

From the Paper
"The following research is on the subject of the psychological effects of advertising. Advertising is a form of communication which is intended to sway people in a particular direction, to influence the audience to purchase a product or service. There is a tacit understanding of this fact on the part of the audience, but this does not mean that the people in the audience--whether it be for television, magazines, books, or newspapers--are able to control fully their own reactions. Advertising operates on many different levels, and there are subliminal messages in advertising that influence the thinking of the public. Many of these messages are certainly inadvertent, deriving from the prejudices and attitudes that are prevalent in a society at a given time. However, many others are intentional, designed to attract the viewer and to guide his or her thinking ... "

Abstract
This paper explains that the New York City water system delivers drinking water to more than 8 million city residents plus 1 million consumers in other counties and then returns the used water into the New York's extensive wastewater treatment system. The author points out that the Metropolitan Sewerage commission was created in 1904 after the discovery of the link between waterborne bacteria and human disease. The paper relates that one of the leading challenges and causes of wastewater collection system blockages is FOG---fats, oil and grease. The author relates that solutions counteracting FOG are large monetary penalties requiring the polluter to appear in court every time a fine is issued, helping businesses comply with regulations and installing grease interceptors. The paper includes a figure.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
History and Overview of New York City's Wastewater Treatment System
FOG: A Primary Challenge to New York City's Wastewater Treatment System Faces
Solutions to FOG
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Grease interceptors are used to prevent FOG materials from entering and clogging the sewer lines. All City business that dispose of grease, fats or oil should have a grease interceptor installed, including: restaurants, hospitals, day cares, senior centers, nursing homes, and other food handling operations. The interceptor works by separating the grease and oils from the wastewater. FOG laden wastewater enters the interceptor and passes through a vented flow control fitting that regulates the flow of the wastewater."

Tags:grease, interceptors, link, pollutants, hypochlorite

Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease is an umbrella term that refers to a range of abnormal conditions that affect veins outside the heart and which usually cause blockages in arteries. This paper examines how, depending on what region of the body is being affected by the peripheral vascular disease, nursing interventions should seek to minimize the impact of the disease process while introducing as much physical rehabilitation into the treatment regimen as medically feasible to delay or prevent further deterioration.

Outline:
Introduction: Definition and Pathology
Epidemiology
Assessment Strategies
Effects of Disorder on Dimensions of Health
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease can be performed faster, safer, more affordably, and in a minimally invasive way, according to studies performed at New York University Medical Center, New York City, have determined (Health beat, 2001). The results of these studies showed that when peripheral magnetic resonance angiography scanners are used for this purpose, a combination of ultra-fast, high-resolution imaging sequences with a panoramic table and special peripheral coil are used to allow coverage from the renal arteries to blood vessels in the foot in a single scan (Health beat, 2001). Although peripheral vascular disease may not manifest any symptoms at all, if the disease becomes very severe, more serious problems can develop. "

Tags:angina, elderly, atherosclerosis, PVD

Abstract
This paper proposes a thesis that will show that Saudi Arabia is not an ideal destination for international commercial arbitration. To establish this claim, the writer explains that, using comparative law, the research will come up with reasonable arguments to show that in comparison to other countries, Saudi Arabia does not offer a viable environment for solving international commercial disputes. The political, cultural and religious factors that impact on arbitration laws are considered in the research to establish Saudi Arabia's viability to international arbitration. The study also aims at providing suggestions that will help improve Saudi Arabia to make it suitable for solving international commercial disputes as an arbitration seat.

Outline:
Introduction
International Commercial Arbitration
Saudi Arabia Law on Arbitration
Significance of the Study
Aim and Context of Study
Approach and Methodology
Contribution to Knowledge

From the Paper
"Saudi Arabia has made quite a considerable advancement in the use of arbitration law since its inception in 1983. It is however questionable whether the provisions of this law can effectively solve disputes from outside the border. This is a consideration made following the rising need for international commercial arbitration services as the world turns into a global village (Lew, Mistelis and Kroll, 2003). Interaction between laws, culture and religion continue to limit the ability of Saudi Arabia in providing such services. As a result, there is a need to make improvements so as minimize the shortcomings which will make it more suitable for international commercial arbitration."

Tags:culture tradition Islamic UNCITRAL Shari'a oil blockage, Gulf State, Quran Muslim

Abstract
This paper studies descriptive epidemiology as it relates to the natural history of cardiovascular disease. It begins with an overview of descriptive epidemiology and its application to the heart followed by the presentation of a number of findings from the Bogalusa Heart Study of 1972 through 1997. The paper concludes with a look at new studies and techniques, which are based on the Bogalusa model. Included is the beta-cath system for radiating an artery wall.

Outline
Introduction
Problem Background
Findings
Conclusions and Summary

From the Paper
"At its simplest level, Epidemiology can be to have the description of the application of statistical methodologies to analyze the determinants of health and illness of a given population or sub-group within the population. This sort of analysis therefore has an application to the planning and evaluation of interventions and to the causation and prevention of illness. Moreover, as with most sciences Epidemiology presents itself in various formats and although the central role of Epidemiology within a department is to provide valid, reliable and appropriately interpreted data upon which decisions can be based, Epidemiology is usually divided, in a somewhat arbitrary manner along several lines. Our concern here however is with Descriptive Epidemiology as it relates to the epidemiology and natural history of Cardiovascular Disease."

Tags:cardiology, heart, attack, coronary, artery, blockage, Bogalusa, study, descriptive, beat-cath, radiate