Abstract This paper examines the connection between an aortic graft to a duodenum fistula as a cause for upper GI bleeding. Generally, aortic grafts are used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms. The paper defines aortic aneurysms as a weak area in the wall of the abdominal aorta, the artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. The paper concludes that aortic grafting can be a major cause of GI bleeding as an after effect of treating an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a method of treatment requires replacement of the stent-graft.
From the Paper "Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms may require surgery but for some patients, a new non-surgical treatment called stent-graft repair can be performed. The following is the results of a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter clinical trial that compared endovascular stent graft exclusion of abdominal aortic aneurysms with open surgical repair. During an 18-month period, 250 patients with infrarenal aneurysms underwent treatment at 12 study sites. 190 patients underwent endovascular repair using the Medtronic AneuRx stent graft (Sunnyvale, California), and 60 underwent open surgical repair. There was no significant difference in operative mortality rates between the groups. The patients who underwent stent grafting had significant reductions in blood loss and days in the intensive care unit and in the hospital, with an earlier return to function. Primary technical success at the time of discharge for the patients with stent grafts was 77%, largely as a result of a 21% endoleak rate. At one month, the endoleak rate had decreased to 9%."
Abstract This paper examines the ideas of popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution, and the New England Immigrant Aid Society, with respect to the 1854-1861 struggle in Kansas between those opposed to slavery, those in favor of slavery, and those in favor of leaving the issue up to the states to decide. In addition, the paper examines the Pottawatomie Massacre and Quantrill's Raid.
From the Paper "Popular sovereignty, otherwise known as squatter sovereignty, began in 1850. This political doctrine promoted controversy by stating that people n federal territories should have free will when it came to whether or not their territories would enter the Union as a slave state or a free state. First applied to Utah and New Mexico territories, the doctrine was used in the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska act in 1854. This act repealed the previously applied prohibition of slavery north of the 36 30? latitude line. Thus, the Kansas territory was given the right to choose for themselves how their territory would enter the Union (NPS, "Overview")."
Abstract This case study discusses two possible nursing diagnoses in a comatose patient post-intracranial hemorrhage secondary to an AVM bleed. Tracheotomy care and providing comfort, particularly through touch, were discussed. Each diagnosis and intrevention is justified in the context of the patient's present state, followed by a detailed discussion of possible interventions and associated issues.
From the Paper "The placement of an endotracheal tube and eventually a tracheotomy tube was necessary in Mrs. Trans's case because of her impaired consciousness (Durbin, 2005).On day one, her arterial blood gases results showed the following: Vent. Rate NA L/min FIO[2] NA % pH 7.42 (7.35-7.45) pCO[2] 39 mmHg (35-45) pO[2] 143 mmHg (80-110) HCO[3] 24 mmol/L (22-30) Std HCO[3] 25 mmol/L (22-30) Base Excess 0 mmol/L (-3/+3) O[2] Sat 99 % (>94) Note that the immediate concern at the time was the emergency neurosurgery that was undertaken, in which case, general anesthesia would have been the more immediate indication for an artificial airway and oxygen therapy (Baillie, Corben & Higham, 2005)."
A review of the motivation behind Art Spiegelman's books "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History" and "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began".
Abstract This paper analyzes the purpose and intent of Art Spiegelman's books "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History" and "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began". The paper discusses the intensely personal side of the story and suggests that it tells a great deal about Spiegelman's motivations for creating these books. It discusses the themes and emotions that he reveals in the books.
From the Paper "When considering Art Spiegelman's books Maus: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History and Maus: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began, the reader twice asks, "Why did Art Spiegelman write these?" That is, the reader wonders what purpose Spiegelman hoped his books would serve, and what personally drove Spiegelman to write the books in the first place. Though related, these are two different questions. These books are very personal works that not only chronicle his father's experiences as a Jew in Poland during WWII, but also reveal "Artie's" struggles to relate to his father. The intensely personal side of the story tells a great deal about Spiegelman's motivations for creating these books; this aspect is about Artie. Yet clearly purpose of the books is not to tell Artie's story, but to tell Vladek's."
Abstract This paper looks at the most common genetic bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease, which affects roughly 3 percent of the world's population including all genders and races and which is determined by a gene on chromosome 12, although occasionally it occurs as a new mutation. It discusses how hemophilia is due to either a low level of one of the clotting factors, or a completely missing clotting factor, which essentially means that it takes a long time for the blood to clot after an accident or injury. It looks at how its major signs and symptoms are bleeding and bruising. The paper also examines treatment options such as replacement therapy, home-infusion therapy and the use of aminocaproic acid.
From the Paper "Hemophilia is due to either a low level of one of the clotting factors, or a clotting factor is completely missing, which essentially means that it takes a long time for the blood to clot after an accident or injury (Hemophilia 2006). The clotting process, also called blood coagulation, is the body's response to bleeding that keeps it from losing too much blood, which can be life threatening and/or cause damage to the internal organs (Hemophilia 2006). These clotting factors are proteins in the blood that work with platelets to help the blood to clot, thus when blood vessels are damaged, the clotting factors help the platelets adhere together to basically plug cuts and breaks at the injury site (Hemophilia 2006). "
Abstract This paper studies the gender roles in the Bible, analyzes the stories of Jephte's daughter and the sacrifice of the virgins. It compares the Bible's attitude towards men and woman, specifying the different roles each were given and how these effect people's attitudes today.
From the paper:
"Many of the passages that address gender in the Hebrew Bible expressly identify the masculine principle with that which is acceptable unto God, and the feminine with that which is fit for shame and secretiveness. For example, the monthly bleeding of a woman makes her unclean, and anything which she may touch. Sexual intercourse with a woman shall make a priest temporarily ineligible to enter the presence of God, and women themselves may never enter the tabernacle. Miriam, the sister of Moses, is stricken with leprosy for her forwardness. Deborah, one of the only female leaders of the Jewish military, exclaims that her active role casts shame upon the Jewish people. Sacrificial animals include both males and females of the species, though it is significant that only the firstborn males of both humans and animals are to be dedicated specifically to God -- females, before the divine, being again nearly invisible. Indeed, this invisibility to the divine goes so far that when a religiously ordered census was made from time to time of the Jewish people, only the males were counted."
Abstract This paper looks at the issue of liposuction - the process by which fatty cells are removed from the body under the skin through suction and surgery. It first looks at the pressure is society for people to look good all the time which has lead to this trend. It further examines the downside of liposuction including medical proof of infections and internal bleeding. It also discusses cosmetic reasons for its failure noting that many women are not satisfied with the end result and correcting mistakes are often impossible.
From the Paper "Every day, a majority of the population in America is bombarded with media. This media (magazines, newspapers, television, Internet, etc.) contains ideals of beauty that are practically unattainable by the majority of people. These include the typical "super model" look, which is tall, skinny, and scantily clad. According to Macionis, these images are created by males and directed towards females because they are seen as less powerful and more as sexual objects. Based on this, women should look more like models for a man's pleasure (Macionis 329). Thanks to the innovations of modern medicine, women (and in some cases, men) can attain their ideal body shape through cosmetic surgery. The most performed procedure is liposuction. Unfortunately, people will rush in to a surgeon's office without any research or consideration of consequences of a liposuction procedure. Because of these consequences, it would be best that a person learns to love their body for what it is."
Abstract The paper shows how there is a common misconception in people that having an aneurysm means bleeding in the brain when in fact an aneurysm is a balloon-like swelling in a blood vessel that can affect any large vessel in your body; these larger vessels being arteries. The paper examines the risk for the patient, the difficulty in diagnosing them and the various treatments available.
From the Paper "It is extremely difficult to diagnose an aneurysm. Having a thin body and a moderately large sized aneurysm is the ideal conditions in which you or your doctor may be able to detect one. Most of the aneurysms are discovered as a result of medical imaging for other conditions, by ultrasound exams, CAT scans, MRI's, or even plain X-rays of the abdomen. Aneurysms are also detected by physical exam, on a basic chest or stomach X ray, or by using ultrasound. The size and location can be found through echocardiography or radiological imaging, such as arteriography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed topography (CT) scanning."
Abstract This paper discusses issues pertinent to the Bedouin woman at a time of change with regard to her status, her abilities and skills as a healer in the Bedouin traditional society. The paper describes in detail research examining the following main questions: Are Bedouin women still engaged in traditional healing or do they prefer the modern medicine? What is the Bedouin's attitude to traditional medicine today in a period of a meaningful interaction with the Western culture? In response to this, the writer provides us with an understanding that the older Bedouin population favor their traditional methods, whereas the younger Bedouin favor the modern methods and find it easier to integrate with Western culture.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
The Bedouin in Israel
Belief and Views among the Bedouin
The Bedouins? Health in the Desert
Climate and Living
Health Conditions
Illness and Cures among the Bedouin
The Bedouin Healers
The Dervish
The Fugara (Bedouin Shaman)
The Traditional Doctor
Ways of Healing
Preventive Medicine
Curative Medicine
Burning as a Cure
Bleeding as a Cure
Herbs as a Cure
Mental Diseases
Holistic Health and the Bedouin
From Tradition to Modernization
Traditional Medicine vs. Modern Medicine
The Bedouin Women of the Negev
The Bedouin Women's Attitude toward Traditional Medicine
The Research
Findings
Discussion
Summary
Bibliography
From the Paper "The Bedouin society has been experiencing a process of change for the last several decades, regarding issues like dwelling, occupation, women's status, modernization - changes that refer to the traditional point of view among the Bedouins. During the last few years there has been a great change in the attitude toward Bedouin's medicine and its use as a result of interaction with the Western world. The awareness of the Bedouins to modern medicine brought many of them, especially the young ones, to realize the limits of traditional medicine. In order to follow this new situation one must begin with the Bedouin tradition in different themes (Ben-David, 1999)."
Tags: arab, belief, cure, east, islam, israel, minority, western, medicine
From the Paper "SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space, may be aneurysmal or nonaneurysmal. Causes of SAH are uncertain, risk factors include family history of aneurysms, age, alcohol, cigarettes, and hypertension. Warning signs are a severe and sudden headache, emesis, and developing stiff neck. Annual incidence in North America is approximated at 10 cases per 100,000 people; nonaneurysmal SAH represents around 15 percent of the population. Computed tomography (CT) is used to test for SAH, followed by lumbar puncture. Catheter cerebral angiography is the current standard for the diagnosis of aneurysm SAH. SAH results in death or disability (around 55 percent); nonaneurysm SAH has a better.."
Abstract This paper discusses U.S. history from 1855, when the U.S appeared to be the strongest it had ever been, to the outbreak of the Civil War, when Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860. The author points out the ?Bleeding at Kansas?, Dred Scott case, Slavery and the citizenship of "free slaves". The paper describes the election of 1860 and the secession of the Southern states.
From the Paper "By the time the elections of 1860 came around, the entire nation knew how vital this election would be to the tone of relations between the North and the South. Citizens were not sure whether the election could calm the fights, and resolve what had been happening in the past five years, or if the election would cause an all-out war between the North and the South. Stephen Douglas apparently warned that such actions might occur, while Abraham Lincoln and John Breckinridge "downplayed any such dire consequence, insisting, and believing, that the other side was bluffing" ."
Abstract This paper studies the medical disorder called hemophila, including definition, causes, symptoms and treatment. The paper shows that due to blood's inability to clot properly, the hemophiliac is vulnerable to a number of problems caused by excessive bleeding. The paper examines different types of hemophilia, ways to determine if a child is hemophiliac and how it restricts a person's life. The paper also discusses the future of hemophilia with the advent of better technology and medical research.
From the Paper "Other researchers have been working on gene therapy for type B hemophilia. This has also showed promising early results (Jancin, 2000). They also used genetic coding, this time to produce factor IX. Again they used a virus to introduce a properly functioning gene. In this application of gene therapy, the goal is to cause muscle tissue to produce and release the needed clotting factor in large enough amounts to prevent bleeds (Jancin, 2000). Studies were done with mice and dogs before trying it with humans.
Researchers of course proceed cautiously with such research, and in the case of Factor IX, the researchers introduced such a small amount into patients that they expected no increase in the clotting factor. However, two of the three patients showed a significant rise in Factor IX at a clinically significant level: they had reduced need for intravenously provided clotting factor during the next year (Jancin, 2000)."
Abstract This paper examines the three major treatment options available to cancer patients: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It explores each option in detail and weighs the pros and cons of each one. The paper then discusses the seven most common warning signs to look out for, which could mean the beginning of a tumour. Signs include irregular bleeding, indigestion or a nagging cough.
From the Paper "Like the previous types of therapeutic approaches, radiation has its downfalls. First, as with surgery, radiation is ineffective against metastatic disease far from the sight being treated. It is not practical to try to irradiate the entire body, as vital tissues would be extensively damaged. This results in the need for follow-up treatment with a chemotherapy agent. Probably the worst drawback to radiation, in my opinion, is that radiation exposure is a factor which can lead to the development of cancer. I relate this to putting out oil well fires. Place a high explosive at the base and blow it up. This actually works but it would seem that it could cause a fire as well."
Abstract Bloodstain Pattern Analysis is a study of how certain activities and forces influence the pattern of a bloodstain and how this can be used as evidence in the investigation and prosecution of a crime. The paper shows that the art of Bloodstain Pattern Analysis involves a lot more than looking at blood at a crime scene. It explains that experts must also know the characteristics of blood, the active nature involved in bleeding and how blood in motion acts. Other things blood pattern experts need to consider are the surface on which blood is found and what effects these surfaces have on the bloodstain in question.
From the Paper "The surface can also affect the size of the bloodstain droplets. When a drop of blood comes in contact with a surface that is hard and smooth, it can cause the drop of blood to break up into smaller droplets. The smaller droplets will still be moving in the same direction as their original parent drop. As with any liquid, the laws of physics apply to the motion of blood through air and space. The Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences describes surface effects on bloodstain appearance as being of utmost importance. The encyclopedia points out that the shape and width-to-length ratio is used for reconstruction and interpretation of bloodstain patterns. The width-to-length ratio is used to make trigonometric calculations to determine the impact of bloodstains. The surfaces that the stains are found on have profound effects on both the shape and the width-to-length ratio. If the surface characteristics distort the appearance or destroy the shape of a bloodstain, then it will not be considered a viable stain for interpretation because it can alter the width-to-length ratio, which, in turn, will result in an inaccurate determination of its angle of impact (Introduction)."
Abstract This paper takes the position that RU-486 should not be distributed freely to women. Though RU-486 is touted as a miracle pill that allows women to terminate early pregnancies, the procedure is actually more complicated and involves at least three visits to the clinics. The paper shows that apart from the slim possibility that the RU-486 may not be effective, there are short-term side-effects that endanger the women's lives, such as excessive bleeding and pain. Furthermore, there are long-term medical complications that may affect future pregnancies. The paper shows that with the availability of RU-486 that can be offered by family practitioners in all medical facilities, the number of abortions will increase. The paper argues that, ultimately, one has to consider the effects RU-486 on the morality of a society that condones the elimination of potential life.
From the Paper "In the United States, amidst opposition by anti-abortion politicians and the lack of support from big pharmaceutical companies, RU-486 was not even provisionally approved by the FDA for almost a decade (Talbot 40). In spite of the fervent attempts of feminists who organized protests outside Hoechst (the parent company of Roussel) factories and sent representatives to Paris, Hoechst was unwilling to jeopardize the business of their other products by entering the fiery abortion debate raging in the United States (Talbot 40). Finally, Roussel offered the U.S. rights for manufacturing the drug to the Population Council, a non-profit organization based in New York (Talbot 41). In addition, the Danco group, a small pharmaceutical company, has claimed that it has the financial backing of investors to manufacture the drug within the next 6 months (Talbot 40)."
