Abstract This paper examines how it is an undeniable fact that young children and adolescents and adults alike are being exposed today to what is known as blatant sexist advertising, in the form of the commercials that are aired on television and also through other media. It attempts to analyze the harm that such advertisements cause in the minds of these young children and how it impacts them in their behavioral patterns.
From the Paper "Today, it is an undeniable fact that advertising has increased in various forms, everywhere, and in direct proportion, controversial advertising has also increased, leading one to fear for the mental safety and health of the children of the nation, and others who can be easily influenced by external factors. Perhaps the reason for the increased advertising is that today, society has become more complex than it ever was, and has also, an increased awareness of the harmful effects of advertising certain products on general media, and also the need for advertisers to cut through the so called 'clutter' that other advertisers have created, in advertising their products."
Abstract The paper discusses how racial profiling can affect the way people expect that person to act, the way his or her actions are taken by others, and the way that person sees him or herself portrayed. The paper further examines how the media is responsible for disseminating racial stereotypes, and how the media and entertainment can also help to combat racial stereotyping by forcing people to look at caricatures of themselves to promote discussion. The paper analyzes how the film "Crash" is an example of this, exploring racism from all angles in such a blatant way that it could not help but spark discussion. The paper concludes that while racism may not be as blatant as it was before the Civil Rights Movement it still has a presence in today's society.
Table of Contents:
What does Stereotyping do to Minorities?
Racial Stereotyping in the Media
What Does Racism do to Minorities?
Conclusion
From the Paper "Racial stereotyping can have many negative affects on an individual. The effects can come in the form of the way people expect that person to act, the way his or her actions are taken by others, and the way that person sees him or herself portrayed. And these stereotypes can have many damaging consequences."
Abstract The paper examines several analytical articles regarding the character of Petruchio and his blatant oppression of Katherine in Shakespeare's "Taming of the Shrew". Feminist opposition to modern productions of the play and arguments regarding the value of historic perspectives are discussed.
From the Paper "Understanding how Petruchio could be interpreted a hero to historical audiences and also symbol of villainy to some modern audiences is in itself a reason to continue study of Shakespeare's works. It is precisely these types of diametrically opposed views that encourage the search for a better understanding of differences in social structure and historical attitudes. Many other authors will also require comparison between modern society and the culture of their origin in order to be comprehensively understood."
Abstract This essay uses a number of well researched case studies to explore individuals who pose or represent themselves as characters other than themselves. It also discusses how those around them are wilingl to believe often ridiculous claims if it is beneficial to them. The case studies include carefully calculated deceptions, self-delusional fantasies and blatantly criminal representations driven by damaged self esteem.
From the Paper:
"The comedian Robin Williams once said, ?I?ve investigated reality, and there's really nothing to it.? While this is just another glib comment in that wild comic's repertoire, the remark certainly applies to three items used in comparison in this essay. For the cord that ties Garfinkel's Story of Agnes, Carrere's downright bizarre account of the true story of Jean-Claude Romand, Baudrillard's views on hyper-reality, and the personal ad placed by the blue-eyed blonde, all focus not just on the issue of deception itself, but on the self-perception of the individual, society's perception of the individual, and how (and to what extent) some people base their sense of reality on a fa?ade in order to placate their own egos and/or society itself."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the contribution and effect that Oscar Wilde made to British society. In "The Importance of Being Ernest" a satirical view is taken on the Victorian society and expectations for men. It describes how the character leads a double life in order to live up to these expectations. Social commitments, the role of the female and other typical Victorian issues are examined in this paper.
From the paper:
"Before Oscar Wilde became famous for his writing, he was famous for his tongue. In the early years of his career, Wilde was best known as an articulate and witty social gadfly. He was the fashion-whore of polite British society. He insinuated himself calculatingly into the social life of ?the beautiful people.? H!is reputation was built around an elaborately outrageous fashion sense, a shocking wit and amusing repertoire of behaviors, and his blatant self-stylings as an art critic and aesthete. Through-out his social career, Wilde alternately flaunted and denied his homosexual tendencies. They were a part of his carefully groomed artistic image, an image from which he occasionally worked to distance himself. He did get married and father two sons, and when he was finally accused of sodomy, he fought the charges as libelous. Yet the reality of his sexual orientation, and its natural at-odds-with-society status, was never far from his work. Even his most hetero-centric works, such as the romantic satire The Importance of Being Ernest, are informed by the daily social strains of his barely closeted double life. The Importance of Being Ernest is, in fact, in many ways a prophetic, though optimistic, metaphor for Wilde's life. He deals w!ith the hypocrisy and shallowness that "modern" women and "modern" social etiquette require from men. The story at once critiques the institution of marriage and the institution of ?polite society.? This play deals explicitly with the sacrifices and lies that must be committed in order to achieve acceptance in either marriage or society, and with the inevitable moment of truth when those lies are discovered."
Abstract In this paper Mary Shelley?s, "Frankenstein" is compared to Fyodor Dostoevsky's, "Notes from Underground". The writer of this paper focuses on the language and imagery that were used to paint society's picture in the stories.
From the paper:
?Notes From Underground is a favorite classic worldwide. The story of a lonely and desolate man unnerves almost all who read it. The story is extremely effective in its purpose and it draws the reader into the society that the man lived in. The author takes great care not to describe the society with a blatant description, but instead uses talented imageries to paint the picture for us. In addition the language used creates an understanding of the time and place of the storyline. Written in first person the story produces a full rich bodied grasp of society at the time.?
Tags: authors, talents, language, imagery, descriptions, society, characters, story
Abstract This paper describes the various aspects of gender equality in the classroom. The writer acknowledges that while a great deal of progress has been made in the educational system to remove blatant discrimination from schools, true equality has yet to be reached.
From the Paper "As boys and girls enter high school, gender equity becomes increasingly important. The courses and accomplishment of this age are often key principles in establishing their career paths for life. While the government and educational alliances across the country have vastly improved the problem of gender inequality in the high school system, there is still a great deal of inequality amongst males and females."
Abstract The paper shows that while there are numerous theories on the dozens of possibilities that could be deemed the key causes of the Great Depression, there are two in particular that seem to stand out from the crowd: 1) The blatant lack of equal wealth distribution that was prevalent throughout the 1920's, and 2) the far-reaching rumors about a stock market crash which turned out to be the epitome of a self-fulfilling prophecy.
From the Paper "The Great Depression, which began in 1929, was not only an economically treacherous event, but it also wreaked havoc on the pride, dignity and morale of countless Americans. Suffering from the shock of instant poverty, many people were actually driven to commit suicide so that their families could survive on the insurance money. Though we are all aware of the tragedies associated with The Great Depression, many questions remain as to just what caused such a widespread calamity to occur."
Abstract The paper shows that while the use of psychological interrogation methods is currently permissible by the courts in Canada, Great Britain and the U.S.A., many researchers argue that psychological interrogation is, in essence, no different than blatant coercion. Confession Law has slowly evolved over time alongside the evolution of interrogation methods. The paper discusses how prior to the 18th Century, English Common Law accepted confessions without any restrictions, which allowed confessions extracted through torture to be accepted as viable representations of objective truth. Today, the bottom line on the admissibility of confessions is that they are "typically excluded if elicited by physical violence, by a threat of harm or punishment, by a promise of leniency or immunity from prosecution, or by failure to notify a suspect of his or her constitutional rights to counsel and silence" (Kassin & McNall, 1991). The paper shows that despite these seemingly stringent laws regarding the admissibility of confessions, psychological interrogation methods are adept at circumventing the law, and continue to employ methods that run the risk of eliciting false confessions. This paper reviews the literature on Psychological Interrogation methods, false confessions and the implications of both.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychological Interrogation Tactics
Inside the Interrogation Room
Custodial Legal Advice & The Right to Silence
Psychological Interrogation Functioning as Coercion
Police Interrogations and Confessions
Communicating Promises and Threats by Pragmatic Implication
False Confessions
Occurrence of False Confessions
Creation of False Confessions
An Empirical Study On Recall
Discourse Study
Interrogative Suggestibility & Delinquent Boys
Psychological Characteristics of False Confessors
Consequences of False Confessions
From the Paper "Interrogation, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the act of "questioning; formally and systematically." Interrogations within criminal justice systems are used to gather information relevant to investigations, and more importantly, to elicit confessions from suspects. Methods of interrogation have changed drastically throughout history, but the ultimate goal of obtaining confessions has held constant. While the whips and chains of the past have now exited the western world's interrogation rooms, many scholars argue that today's suspects are still subjected to psychological tortures. Psychological Interrogation is the most recent approach used by law enforcement officials to extract information from suspects."
Tags: applied, brutality, deprivation, police, psychology, sleep, social
From the Paper " Sexuality in advertising serves several purposes. The prevalent view is that sex itself is appealing, so it gets people to pay attention to the advertising message surrounding it. There is also a shock value that has become more and more important to some advertisers for the same reason--to get the attention of the consumer. American advertisers know that sex sells products and they use sex in ways both overt and subtle, depending on the product and the campaign.
Much of our culture is based on physical attractiveness and its power to persuade, to attract, to influence, and, in a real sense, to succeed. Sex is used in advertising as an expression of physical attractiveness. Our advertising media clearly believe in the power of physical attractiveness to persuade, and spokespersons for products and other people used in television..."
Abstract This paper examines antisocial personality disorder (APD), describing it as a behavioral disorder indicated by actions that are blatantly destructive or actions that disregard the rights and feelings of others. The paper explains that people with APD generally appear to be charming, intelligent, and soft-spoken, belying the true brutality of which they?re capable. The paper aims to show that there are correlations between antisocial conduct in youths and adults who have APD. The paper outlines the two most effective methods of preventing APD - multidimensional treatment foster care and targeted interventions.
From the Paper "Almost everyone, at one point in his or her childhood, has squashed a bug, or thrown a rock at a bird. For most of us, that was nothing more than youthful friskiness. For some, however, bug squashing and rock-tossing leads to cat kicking and dog punching. And for some of us, these animal abuses are indicators for far more serious problems that emerge later in life. According to the DSM-IV, antisocial personality disorder (APD) describes a condition in which there are persistent patterns of behavior that are typified by disregard for the rights and feelings of others."
From the Paper "Female executives face tremendous obstacles in their climb up the corporate ladder. Sexual discrimination and social stereotypes create a glass ceiling that hinders their upward mobility. Women executives who overcome these barriers enjoy unprecedented professional fulfillment, albeit not without significant personal sacrifice.
The existence of a glass ceiling has been confirmed by numerous studies, surveys, and Congressional hearings. As one member of Congress notes, "The glass ceiling has many levels, and for many minorities and women the glass ceiling is far lower than one could imagine" (U.S. Congress, 1993, p. 4). Women make up 45 percent of the labor force, but less than 3 percent are corporate senior executives (U.S. Congress, 1993, p. 46). Even when women succeed to upper-level management positions their earnings ..."
Abstract Before the notoriety of ancient Rome, Italy was the home of a nation called Etruria, whose inhabitants were known as Etruscans. Unfortunately, bitter Roman or ancient Greek historians have misconstrued the Etruscan legacy, in most cases tainting their accounts with a blatant anti-Etruscan bias. This paper considers why there exists such a lack of information about the Etruscans and further illuminates the extent to which surviving artwork offers insights into their culture.
From the Paper "From excavations at certain Etruscan sites, it is clear that art was a vital part of life. In Murlo, a seventh century Etruscan villa was unearthed revealing that large, painted terracotta panels typically adorned the entrances to buildings. Elaborate polychrome reliefs and frescoes indicate that the Etruscans used colour generously, even from the earliest times (Gore, 701)."
Abstract This paper discusses the many ways that the media blatantly objectifies women: Violence and gratuitous sexuality (perceived as normal), video games, pornography, slasher movies, clothing ads with images of string bikinis, nudity, and frivolous sexual behavior and advertising that exposes more female sexuality then the product it is try to sell. The author states that until something is done to turn off this shower of filth, nothing will change in future generations; women will have to continue their unjust struggle against the all powerful media.
From the Paper "We do not just begin to receive media influence about women as objects in our teen years, where we are exposed the most; we are also subject to images at much younger ages. Video games that young boys grow up playing tell them at ages as early as 5 or 6 that violence against women is fun and exciting. ?In Duke Nukem 3D players earn points by killing prostitutes. In addition to presenting women as sex objects, the game awards players for harassing women and throwing cash at them. The game presents women as powerless and shows them tied to columns pleading ?Kill Me, Kill Me!!? At the tender age that children are exposed to these images it is no wonder that our society is one where women are regarded as objects or toys or violence and pleasure."
Tags: pornography, violence, frivolous, filth, games
Abstract This paper shows how the Oedipus complex theory can be applied to Hamlet, the main character of "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare and the issues that he faces concerning his mother and girlfriend. The paper shows that the intense rage that Hamlet projects onto Queen Gertrude (his mother), Ophelia (his girlfriend) and women in general compiles this version of Oedipus complex triangle. Hamlet finds himself strangely drawn to the act of matricide whether or not he blatantly expresses it, because he partially blames his mother for the circumstances leading up to his father's death, although he has a strange sexual affinity towards her. The paper describes how Hamlet releases his frustration about his father's death indirectly on Ophelia while raising to the surface strong undercurrents of an Oedipal complex with Gertrude as its center.
From the Paper "According to psychoanalysis, a male child's dual view of his mother as the Madonna and the whore (her relationship with the father) is not abnormal. Men have a preoccupation with virginity as well as an urge to engage in dirty activities with the whore. Unfortunately, Hamlet fails to detangle the complicated web he has mentally and emotionally intertwined them in, and he ends up causing them to incur mental and physical damage. His feelings about Polonius? death have much to do with using Ophelia as a vehicle for him to feel as though he forced the same agony of grief upon his mother that he had to endure when his father died."
