Abstract
The paper argues that the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and the Black Liberation Army (BLA) are domestic terror organizations because they advocate hatred and violence against certain groups, based on their race, their religion, or their gender. The paper relates that while the BLA is no longer active, the KKK still exists. The paper contends that members of the KKK are just as frightening and dangerous as any other terrorist organization, and they should be stopped and banned once and for all.

From the Paper
"Both of these groups are domestic terror organizations because they advocate hatred and violence against certain groups, based on their race, their religion, or their gender. They advocate domestic terror against their enemies, recruit new members to swell their ranks, and support violence as the underlying means to bring their message to the people. The American heritage dictionary defines terrorism as "Acts of violence committed by groups that view themselves as victimized by some notable historical wrong" (Editors, 2005). Both of these groups advocate violence as part of their doctrine, and they both advocate it because of perceived "wrongs" in society or against them. The Ku Klux Klan believes white Christians are a superior race and no other races should survive, while the Black Liberation Army believed that blacks in America had been wronged and that blacks should rise up violently against whites as a form of social justice."

Tags:violence, hatred, white, supremacy, blacks, Jews, gays

Abstract
In this paper the author discusses the situation of Black Americans and assesses whether the abolishment of slavery has provided any greater protection under the law. The author starts at the beginning of the 19th century and looks at how Blacks were taken into slavery and brought to America. The author moves on to discuss the Missouri Compromise and the discussions that took place regarding ?slave free states?. The author then discusses then various laws that were passed during the 19th century and how the issue of slavery was eventually brought before the nation.

From the paper:

?For a brief period during Reconstruction, many African Americans voted, and some were elected to public office. In the late 1870?s, however, enthusiasm for ensuring black equality waned in both the North and the Republican Party, and by 1877, when federal troops were withdrawn from the South, blacks were left to the power of whites committed to restoring white supremacy.?

Tags:slavery, protection, law, alexis, de, toqueville, democracy, in, america, equitable, rights, enslavement, racial, discrimination, american, civil, war, henry, clay, missouri, compromise, union, daniel, webster, john, c, calhoun, stephen, douglas, compromise, of, 1850, the, fugitive, slave

Abstract
The paper argues that modern racist views take the guise of anti-immigration, hard right, national security and conservative beliefs. The paper attempts to show how this new racism takes the form of subtle and indirect formal expressions, such as a denial of societal discrimination rather than the old-fashioned genetic inferiority and segregation. The paper profiles the decline of various neo-nazi groups in the United States but then shows how today, racial minorities lag behind whites in terms of income, wealth, occupational and health status and educational attainment. The paper warns that we are in an age of "logical racism" that shows no sign of slowing down.

From the Paper
"The numbers of American Nazi white nationalists are on the rise, but they prefer we don't use that term. Flying under the guise of anti-immigration, hard right, national security, and conservative flags the modern racist views have become more mainstream and "understandable." The American Nazi's of the past, with their swastikas, shouts of "white power," and ideology of riding the world of minorities, have simply morphed and adapted to their environment like any good species should. While these older groups do still exist, their number and memberships have been on the decline, especially in recent years with the death of major leaders and idols Richard Butler and William Pierce and the arrest of Matt Hale. Instead, the modern racist talks of blocking our boarders to suppress the "increasing crime rate" and our "depleting resources." They talk of racial profiling as a means to "national security.""

Tags:immigration, national, security, blacks, Hispanics

Abstract
This paper explains that, although W.E.B. Du Bois' "The Souls of Black Folk "(1903) and Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" (1952) were separated by fifty years, black people living in white America still experienced the same sense of not belonging. Next, the author details in each story the shared themes of separation, invisibleness, blindness, responsibility and duty, dualism and, most important, identity. The paper underscores that both stories demonstrate that white people controlled and dictated the lives of black people from birth until death and that their perception of blacks was shaped by their own notions of white supremacy.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The White Domination of Black Folk
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Du Bois, like Ellison's use of invisibility, demonstrates separation through his use of "the veil," which is first mentioned in Jones' forethought as a metaphor and then extended throughout the rest of the text. The veil, like invisibility, acts as a metaphoric film between the two races, thus obscuring the true identity of black people, and it is also used as a means of showing how black people obscure their own identity because of white domination. However, the universal presence of the veil in the lives of black people also united them because of their shared experience and knowledge."

Tags:dualism responsibility veil brotherhood, white supremacy

Abstract
The Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln while the Civil War was still raging promised freedom and equality to blacks held in slavery, and led to high expectations among the millions of slaves living in the American South. But it also triggered the emergence of racist groups like the Ku Klux Klan, which used intimidation, brutality, and violence against blacks throughout the South. This paper discusses the effects of the virulent racism of the KKK and the support for this organization throughout the South, explaining that the KKK forced millions of blacks to live in fear, humiliation and hopeless despair for decades.

Tags:ku, klux, klan

Abstract
The paper examines the challenges that African Americans faced during the Jim Crow period of social segregation. The paper discusses the New Deal, and how African-Americans blacks were excluded from jobs and electricity created by FDR's Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program. The paper also addresses the lynching of African Americans by mobs of white Southerners. The paper then explores what African Americans did to overcome white supremacy, and discusses the activism of Mary McLeod Bethune, the registering of blacks to vote, the force of the Black church and the bold and courageous moves of individuals.

From the Paper
"The leadership of people like Mary McLeod Bethune was important in the struggle to be free from the rule of Jim Crow in the South. She was called the "female Booker T. Washington" and "Mother Bethune" (McCluskey, 1999, p. 236) and she gained the widespread affection of the black community (and a significant portion of the white establishment) for her writings championing black progress in newspapers. Bethune was a charismatic speaker and she carved out a position of "moral authority" based on the use of "honey" rather than "vinegar" to affect change, McCluskey writes on page 237. She used both the black press (Chicago Defender and Pittsburgh Courier) and the white press to build a consensus for cooperation and fellowship on racial issues. And she used her leadership position in the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) to promote higher education for African Americans, equality for all women, and she convinced First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt to attend black conferences and to host White House conferences for the advance of black youth and black business interests (McCluskey, p. 239)."

Tags:racism, New, Deal, TVA, lynchings, Mary, McLeod, Bethune, voting, Black, church

Abstract
Historically, African Americans were strong supporters of the Republican Party after the Civil War. Throughout the nineteenth century, The Republican Party were perceived as the champions of Emancipation while the Democrats were associated with white supremacy.

From the Paper
"Historically, African Americans were strong supporters of the Republican Party after the Civil War. Throughout the nineteenth century, The Republican Party were perceived as the champions of Emancipation while the Democrats were associated with white supremacy. However, by the Great Depression and Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1936 presidential campaign, African Americans had made a dramatic shift toward supporting the Democratic Party. African American support for the Democratic Party has remained steadfast in the sixty years since the New Deal. To a great extent, the change in African American perceptions of the two parties has changed because of the remarkable transformation these parties underwent from the beginning of the twentieth century through FDR's 1936 election. This paper will focus on the three presidential elections ..."

Abstract
The murder of James Byrd Jr. in Jasper, Texas is a wake up call for all who believe that America is a color blind society. Byrd, an African American, was brutally killed by three whites. The murder was racially motivated, which proves that white racism still exists in America.
White racism is synonymous with white supremacy.

From the Paper
"The murder of James Byrd Jr. in Jasper, Texas is a wake up call for all who believe that America is a color blind society. Byrd, an African American, was brutally killed by three whites. The murder was racially motivated, which proves that white racism still exists in America.
White racism is synonymous with white supremacy. Such racism is not just individualistic, it is systemic. White supremacy describes the power differential between whites and people of color. Whites control the majority of wealth and resources in America and enjoy distinct privileges by virtue of their race. In the words of one white educator, "As we grow up, Whites become aware that we tend to have more than people of color, and we learn to accept and justify our own position" (Sleeter 6). The justification for white racism is based on ..."

Abstract
This paper looks at the author's upbringing and how this influenced his writing of this work. The book issues an ultimatum to American whites to wake up to the degradation they had been forcing upon American blacks at the cost of their own debasement. It warns that if not, the world will be destroyed by fire.

From the Paper
"Growing up black Baldwin experienced race as the single most important element in his life. The fact that he was black overwhelmed everything else. In the letter that introduces the book, Baldwin's uncle says, you "faced the future that you faced because you were black and for no other reason" (18). Baldwin knows this well. Being black is the central fact of his life. Young blacks spent their days "fighting the man" (31). Hopelessness was the constant mood. There was a "cloud that stood between them and the sun" (82 ). Every black he knew was "worn down . . .by the incessant and gratuitous humiliation and danger" (32) that each faced every day."

Tags:religion, racism, god, fire, hell, humanity, liberation

Abstract
This paper discusses the themes found in James Baldwin's book, "The Fire Next Time". The devastating effects of white supremacy and the degrading treatment endured by Baldwin and all other blacks is described as race, religion, hatred, suffering, white supremacy, the black separatist movement, change, liberation and vengeance as themes are shown to be a natural outgrowth of Baldwin's childhood in New York's Harlem. Finally, Baldwin's alternative to vengeance and "The Fire Next Time" is discussed as his solution to the race problem evolves into his major themes of love and humanity.

From the Paper
"James Baldwin's The Fire Next Time, published in 1962, was an ultimatum to American whites to wake up to the degradation they had been forcing upon American blacks at the cost of their own debasement. He was issuing a warning that if his advice was ignored there would be a heavy price to pay, a price as horrible as the destruction of the world by fire. Baldwin's passionately expressed themes are race, religion, hatred, suffering, white supremacy, the black separatist movement, change, liberation, vengeance, and most significant of all, the one that can avert the fire, humanity and love. "

Tags:power, race, relations, supremacy