Abstract This paper discusses the BlackPanthers and their use of violence. According to this paper, they also engaged in activities that can only be labeled humanitarian for the good of local, poor communities.
This paper then examines the history and ideology of the BlackPanthers, a new understanding of terrorism, and the relationship the organization had with the U.S. government. This paper concludes that the BlackPanthers should be considered domestic terrorists, though perhaps not for the reasons we might expect.
Abstract This paper describes the radical nature of the BlackPanther Party. It suggests that a chief goal was to protect African Americans from police actions that many blacks considered brutality.
Abstract In addition to looking at the reasons for the disintegration of the BlackPanthers, this paper also traces the origins of the Party, examines how and why it started, describes its program and activities, the FBI's campaign against the BlackPanthers, the trial of BlackPanther members in court, the role of women in BPP, and the impact of the Party on the country.
Table of Contents
The BlackPanther Party
Origin
Why was the Party Started?
The Ten-Point Program
Activities of the BlackPanthers War Against the Panthers BlackPanthers in Court
BlackPanther Women
Alliances and Coalitions
Mistakes Made by the BlackPanthers Impact of the Party on the Country
From the Paper "The black community of Oakland, California was greatly perturbed due to the failure of Southern white policemen to provide adequate protection for its black residents and the increasing incidents of police brutality targeted at the blacks. The organizers of the Panthers, therefore, aimed to gain justice for black people and dedicated themselves to defend the black community from racist police oppression and brutality. Besides being considered as the perpetrators of injustice and violence against the black community, the police was perceived by the Panthers as the representatives of the status quo and the "establishment" who implemented its anti-Black agenda. Since the Panthers believed that they were fighting the "status quo" the BPP considered itself to be a "revolutionary" party, which was committed to wage a class struggle to overthrow the existing order. (Harris 169)"
Abstract This essay explores the organizational workings of the BlackPanther Party. The author examines how the party can improve themselves in order to gain more members and compares and contrasts the BlackPanther's cost of membership with Iannaccone's perspective of group commitment.
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From the Paper "The article, "Why Strict Churches Are Strong", emphasizes the importance of rational self-interest. It declares that rational choice theory explains the success of religious groups. The article states the success of strict and relaxed groups depends on the level of commitment its members hold (Iannaccone 1994). The Black Panther Party is an appropriate example of a non-religious group that includes the problem of commitment."
Abstract The paper muddles on the evolution of the African American struggle coupled with civil right movements formulated- specifically the BlackPanther Party- and focuses on the question of what the organization is, where it originated and spread, and why it was so popular.
From the Paper Amid the turbulent struggle for equal rights for the black community in America numerous organizations and arenas emerged as potential facilitators of that laudable goal. The struggle was long and arduous, and various approaches arose as potential modalities to pursue the end most effectively. The Black Panther Party, which was established in 1966, was one such tactical approach. In its brief sojourn on the American scene, it attracted mega attention and an almost mythical status and reputation. Actions to cope with the potential repercussions of the Black Panther Party were numerous, and often violated associated constitutional norms within the American psyche for fairness and legal protection. Nevertheless to some powers that be on at that time, no more dangerous cadre of proponents of black rights existed then the Black Panther Party (Summers, 1993, 21). To those who opposed the methods, philosophy, and personas of the Black Panther Party, the need to crush the organization and nullify their influence within the societal complex of the United States was considered a crusade for the survival of this country itself. To truly analyze and come to terms with the importance and problematic issue of the Black Panther Party, it is necessary to review in some depth the overall complex involved in the struggle for black liberation in this country. The Black Panther Party occupies a decided niche in this puzzle, but it did not exist in a vacuum. It is a clear product and reaction to what preceded it.
Abstract This paper examines the views of two ordinary people from the 1960s on the BlackPanthers. It examines one who is white and one who is black and why they have the feelings they do in regards to the BlackPanther Party. The individuals are from similar economic and geographic backgrounds, being that they both came from middle-class families and were from the San Francisco Bay area.
From the Paper "The Black Panther Party undeniably reeked fear in the hearts of many whites, because they saw it, and the media portrayed it, as a type of "Black Rage," in which African-Americans across the country were coming together "...seeking redemption for years of slavery" (Humphery Interviewee). Even though it is hard to distinguish exactly what that statement means, it is important to note that many whites viewed Black Power from this sort of Black Rage viewpoint or angle, in which "African-Americans were not seeking equality, but redemption for years of slavery"".
Tags: African-American, Martin, Luther, King, Caucasian, civil, rights
Abstract The paper presents a history of the African American struggle starting in the 1850's with the case of Dred Scott. It continues by explaining the status of African Americans during and after the civil war. The paper documents how, in the 1940's and 1950's, African Americans began to challenge the injustices they faced, particularly with regard to education. The paper continues to the 1960's with the rise of the BlackPanther Party (BPP) and the Nation of Islam. The paper focuses on the aims and methods used by the BPP and how the FBI tried to discredit the BPP and other Black revolutionary organizations.
From the Paper "In 1954, the Supreme Court legitimately struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson in its Brown v. Board of Education decision, which ruled that separate educational facilities were intrinsically unequal. Some areas readily embraced integration after Brown, while others submitted only after further prodding from the courts. School administrators rapidly realized that they faced many problems, such as increased violence and increased discrepancy in the abilities of students in the same classroom."
Abstract This paper analyzes Gresham Sykes and David Matza's five-part model of justifications of deviant behavior that is also known as techniques of neutralization. It looks at how the five techniques include denying responsibility, denying the injury, blaming the victim, condemning the authorities and appealing to higher principles or authorities. It discusses whether the BlackPanther Party resorted to Sykes and Matza's techniques of neutralization to justify the criminality of their behavior and whether the social acceptability of their doctrine was aided by a social and cultural era in upheaval, particularly concerning the civil rights of blacks and America's involvement in Vietnam.
Outline
Introduction
Techniques of Neutralization
Denial of Responsibility
Denial of Injury
Denial of the Victim
Condemnation of the Condemners
Appeal to Higher Loyalties
Conclusion
From the Paper "Sykes and Matza argue that the third technique of neutralization is the criminal's attempt to deny that the victim can in fact be victimized. In other words, the criminal argues that that the victim is the wrongdoer and their own action is an attempt to create justice, not defy it. It was the whole basis of the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense that the entire system of government as run by white Americans was a criminal and violent oppression of the civil rights and human dignity of American blacks. They had the right to bear arms to defend themselves against such injustice. Consider, for example, the ideology of the Party's intellectual leader in its early stages, Eldridge Cleaver."
Tags: victim, terror, injury, criminality, society
From the Paper The intention in the following pages is to explore the history of the Black Panther Party from its origins during the 1960s. There are those who identify the Black Panther Party with the present day militia movement, but their origins are quite different, even though their methods and intentions might seem to be similar.
Although the Black Panther Party is probably most associated in memory with the large urban cities of the north, it had its birth in the rural south. That birth was an outgrowth of white resistance in the south to any inclusion of black Americans in ... "
Abstract This paper explains that Assata Shakur's "Assata: An Autobiography" relates her experiences as an activist with the BlackPanthers. The author points out her imprisonment as an accomplice to murder. The paper recounts the racism of police officers and cites Assata Shakur's courage.
From the Paper "In Assata Shakur's "Assata: An Autobiography"-- African American activist and Blank Panther member-- Assata Shakur reveals her involvement with Black nationalist organizers and their leaders. Her experiences leading an activist's life demonstrates courage and determination."
Abstract The paper compares the two approaches to the American Civil Rights Movement: the moderate integrationist movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the more radical African-American nationalism movement, associated with Malcolm X and the BlackPanther Party. The paper shows the intense rivalry between these two different approaches. The paper points out, however, that they were working for the same ideal of true equality for African Americans.
From the Paper "The Civil Rights struggle was the struggle of African Americans to gain equal rights to whites in the USA. It took place mainly in the 1950s and 1960s. Some of those involved in the struggle preferred moderate means. A famous integrationist was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. On the other hand, some activists were more radical. Most of these radical activists did not believe in working with whites. This is referred to as African American Nationalism. Famous African American Nationalists include Malcolm X and the Black Panther Party."
Abstract The paper is an overview of the history of Angela Davis, her biographical details, the type of childhood she experienced that may have contributed to her political views in adulthood, her role in organizations such as the Community and BlackPanther parties, the Civil Rights movement, and her fateful encounter with the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The paper concludes with an assessment of Davis' accomplishments, how her role is viewed by the public and an analysis of its relevance for African-American society.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "This legacy, though, discounts Davis's wide range of contributions to the Civil Rights movement and her subsequent work to further the condition of black people throughout the country. For example, carefully citing the historical basis of how blacks were treated in the United States, Davis railed against the "terroristic use of rape in order to put black women in their place" and the need for African Americans to celebrate and embrace black culture as a means of sustaining their sense of community is a hostile land. According to Hart (1994), Davis's activism was scholarly in its approach and even her detractors found themselves at a loss when confronted with the facts. For example, this author reports that, "In 1981 Angela Davis looked at how the larger birth control movement, comprised mainly of white, middle class women, neglected to address the needs of African-American women. Davis also condemned the racist and 'classist' slant of the American birth control movement for its stress on eugenics"
Tags: civil rights movement, community, blackpanther, African American, racism
Abstract This analysis presents the experiences of Elaine Brown in her autobiography "A Taste of Power" and those of Malcolm X in a number of works. Through these literary works the paper demonstrates how the idea of black liberation put forward by Malcolm X represented a prescription for the oppression of black women during the 1950s and 1960s.
From the Paper "In Elaine Brown's autobiography "A Taste of Power", we move with Brown through a number of conflicts with the Black Panthers and other activist groups. Conflicts that include gender struggles that were a fact as much ..."
Abstract This paper examines the correctional institution recruiting-grounds of both the Aryan Nations and the Black Guerrilla Family. It looks at how the Black Guerrilla Family is typically found in adult prisons, but has also been reported as active by local law enforcement in adult jails and in juvenile correctional institutions. It also examines the BGF's enemy, the Aryan Brotherhood, first formed in the early 1960s in San Quentin, which is composed predominately of outlaw bikers and the ranks of the American Nazi Party and other groups.
From the Paper "The potential danger posed to society by many of the extremist and terrorist groups and organizations that exist today can be directly assessed from their links to convicted criminals, and their associations with organized crime. There are two principle associations between domestic terrorist groups and the criminal subculture within the United States; the first and most obvious being the use of crimes such as robbery, theft and drug trafficking as a means to accumulate funding to achieve their higher goals, and secondly as a population and environment from which to recruit willing and able members."
