Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the recurring problem of blackmarkets, focusing on drug trafficking, nuclear weapons and human blackmarkets. It points out the negative aspects with regard to blackmarketing, such as the obvious moral issues and the resulting problems to the community. It also attempts to propose some solutions to the problems of the various blackmarket trades.
From the Paper "Illegal substances have always been a magnet for black market profits. Prohibition failed largely because there was such a lucrative and enormous black market surrounding the manufacture and supply of illegal alcohol. Many family fortunes were made during prohibition, when drinking was made illegal, but people drank anyway. The same thing happens when prices are fixed in an attempt to reduce or regulate consumption."
Abstract This paper discusses Andrea Tone's article, "BlackMarket Birth Control: Contraceptive Entrepreneurship and Criminality in the Gilded Age." The paper describes the aim of the article, which is to generate a fuller understanding of the underground movement in birth control in the late 19th and early 20th century. The paper discusses the way that the article is presented and why this approach makes it a successful article and enjoyable to read.
From the Paper "I really enjoyed the personal nature of the article, which not only allowed the piece to come alive instead of being yet another piece of dry historical work, but also really brought the issue to life since these kinds of laws trickle down to the individual, forcing them to make decisions they may have not ordinarily made. The photographs were also helpful in understanding how crude the science of birth control was at the time. Knowing this fact allows the reader to understand two things: first, how without the efforts of these clandestine entrepreneurs the safe and effective devices we have today would not have been invented. And secondly, it helps the audience understand why these laws were put in place to begin with because it illustrates how dangerous and unreliable the contraceptives were."
Abstract This paper examines the economic benefits of a policy for the marketing of human organs. The paper presents an analysis of current public policy of non-market organs and then takes a look at the advantages and disadvantages of a regulated market for human organs. The paper points out that current policy is not meeting the need for human organs and concludes that a well-regulated market would be a win-win situation for all involved.
From the Paper "There are many topics concerning public policy that are relevant to microeconomics, however, few that are as morally controversial as the marketing of human organs. By looking at the economic benefits of such a policy, one can better remove oneself emotionally from the topic, and perhaps see the benefit of something that at first appears to be morally repugnant, such as a live donor kidney transplant market. One must fully understand the current state of the situation as well as the alternatives advantages and disadvantages before making an informed decision. One thing is certain, as medical science continues to advance and organ transplants become more and more commonplace around the globe, this topic is certain to continue to be at the forefront of discussion."
Abstract This paper is a case analysis on Black and Decker's Marketing Action Plan for their Tools Division. The paper discusses marketing, communications, brand equity value, brand recognition and image.
From the Paper "This marketing Action Plan for the Black Decker Tools Divisions assumes that the company will accept strategy. Option. Drop the Black Decker Names from the Professional-Tradesman Segment."
Tags:Marketing action plan, Marketing/Communications plan
Abstract This paper examines how the shortage of organs for patients in need of a transplant has created an organ black-market and how there is a desperate need to allow for financial compensation for organ donors in order to eliminate this black-market and to save lives. It discusses the problems of the organ trade that has developed world-wide, why compensation for organ donors should be legal, possible solutions to meet the demands, and what can be done to make it happen.
From the Paper "The current system for patients in need of organ transplants is failing to meet the demands that exist today. Patients are dying while on long waiting lists; therefore, they are searching for other alternatives to meet these demands. Also, spearheaded by then Senator Al Gore, The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 makes it illegal to sell human organs. Selling organs is a felony offense punishable by up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $50,000. As we have seen throughout history, when a commodity is both in high demand and illegal, a black-market is created. The effects of the black-market of human organs are world-wide from China, India, Brazil, and right here in the United States."
Abstract This paper takes a look at sturgeon, the caviar eggs and the embargo on caviar trade. The paper also discusses blackmarket caviar trade, as well as, poaching of the sturgeon. The paper further discusses the measures that need to be taken in order to prevent the extinction of beluga sturgeon.
Outline:
Sturgeon and Their Eggs - a Brief History
What is the Latest News Regarding the Embargo on Caviar?
Why is There an Embargo on Caviar?
What About the BlackMarket, and Poaching of the Sturgeon?
Who Buys the Caviar?
What Should the United States do to Prevent the Extinction of Beluga Sturgeon?
The Future of U.S. Sources of Caviar Could be in Aquaculture
From the Paper "The California Department of Fish and Game seized 25 pounds of illegal caviar, estimated to be worth $50 a pound on the black market in California. The primary market for the seized caviar was the "Sacramento-are Russian community"; the mother-son team was caught recruiting sturgeon fishermen to catch and sell them over 500 pounds of sturgeon. But the penalty for their crimes was not very severe; each was sentenced to 150 days in jail, although the mother only served 70 days, and the son served 60 days; both performed community service work in lieu of the full jail terms. The mother was also fined $1,000, while the son was hit with a sanction of $5,000."
Abstract This paper presents a review of the book, "Wages of Crime: BlackMarkets, Illegal Finance and the Underworld Economy" by R.T. Naylor, and a review of an essay by Bruce Bagley entitled, "Globalization, Weak States and International Organized Crime". Both works discuss the increasing globalization of crime and how government offices are attempting to deal with the problem.
From the Paper "He later argues that two assumptions of the current war on drugs: (1) that cartels are "goose-stepping" across the world stage, and (2) that globalization has been a godsend to international crime, are false. He argues throughout the book that organized crime has always been part of society, and that "globalization" as a term means nothing more than the "process that began as far back as Marco Polo; it is the process by which information about trade spreads across national and international frontiers, and goods and money soon follow" (Naylor, 2002; 5): under this definition, he argues, globalization has not eased the criminals? lot, rather, the organizations just continue as they ever did."
This paper discusses changes in the nutraceutical industry that will impact Solgar, a global, premium nutritional supplement manufacturing and marketing company.
Abstract This paper explains that Solgar and the nutraceutical industry are faced with major changes caused by the passage of the regulations of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act signed by President Clinton. The author points out that the implementation of these good manufacturing practices will fundamentally change the manufacturing process for supplements and add a considerable layer of cost resulting from the required testing, research and tracking. The paper predicts that the nutraceutical industry will become very much like the pharmaceutical industry or will simply disappear in the United States thus creating a blackmarket for nutritional supplements manufactured in foreign countries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Driving Forces
Consequences
From the Paper "With the signing of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 a new wave of regulations were established to control the manufacture, distribution and education regarding nutritional supplements. A wide array of changes came out of the bill and new definitions were established to make the act more encompassing of the supplement industry. However, in spite of the importance of many of the requirements in the bill, much of that language that will dramatically change the industry has not yet been implemented. In particular, the establishment of Good Manufacturing Practices or GMPs has never been imposed by the FDA despite being given the power by DSHEA. Much debate has surrounded the necessity of implementing such standards to assure the safety, accuracy, reliability and authenticity of materials in supplements but the FDA has not established industry wide standards thus far. Part of the reason that the changes have not been implemented may be due to the control of Congress and the politics of the issue but the industry is well aware that it is not simply a matter of if, but a matter of when."
Abstract This paper discusses Jerome McCarthy's Marketing Management Framework concept, which he published in 1960. In his article, McCarthy describes the term marketing mix and the 4P's: product, price, place, and promotion. The fifth P, packaging, is sometimes used in marketing research and planning. Ineffective marketing research can result in corporate failure. The paper draws an example in the case with the Dell Computer Corporation when it launched its e-commerce site in Japan. The company failed to conduct culture sensitivity research and used a black border on its website, a definite negative connotation in the Japanese culture.
From the Paper "Kotler (2000) defines marketing as the "process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and exchanging products and services of value to with others" (p. 8). Anderson discusses how it is a common occurrence for marketers use Jerome McCarthy's Marketing Manager's Framework to develop a marketing mix. Management creates a marketing based on Jerome's 4P's: (1) Product, (2) Price (i.e. skimming, market penetration, and comparable pricing strategies), (3) Promotion (i.e. Push/Pull Strategy), and (4) Place (i.e. distribution). Sometimes packaging is used as the 5^th "P". Managers use these variables to make marketing decisions in order to satisfy consumers in the target market. As described by Coffinet et al, these strategies are also used to achieve market leadership."
Abstract The paper maintains that marijuana laws are costly and ineffective and its decriminalization will allow for a more judicious allocation of funds. The paper argues that decriminalization will undermine the blackmarket and will not precipitate the increased consumption of the narcotic by young people. The paper concludes that the positives of decriminalization certainly outweigh the negatives.
From the Paper "To begin with, the marijuana laws in America are costly to enforce and inefficacious. For instance, a July 2005 report revealed that federal spending devoted to enforcing criminal sanctions against marijuana use runs to around $4 billion each year - and yet fails to make any perceptible impact upon the country's perception of, or use of, marijuana. What makes the matter more problematic is the fact that the federal government spends more on enforcing marijuana prohibition than it does on policy formulation or on treatment programs (Hemp Information, para.1). Suffice it to say, any laws which are costly and which have little impact upon a perceived problem should be dramatically altered in their scope and application - or struck down entirely."
Abstract This report discusses the stock market crash of 1987 by delving into some of the less obvious reasons for that dramatic day on Wall Street. The report also provides additional insights into how and why investors are in the game and why they were so taken aback by that particular market downturn. This testimony also examines some of the consequences that occurred immediately following the events and how those series of events have carried through to the mindset of present-day investments and the Federal Reserve Bank's policies and procedures. The report then attempts to ascertain some lessons learned so as to avoid repeating history. Finally, this report attempts to explain some investor philosophies that are continually occurring throughout history and takes a look at the steps taken by the overseers of the market itself, which have the sole purpose of preventing future crashes of the magnitude of 1987's downturn.
From the Paper "The bottom line is that these bubbles have historically been caused by greed and maybe even a in the human animal. Whatever the reason, it is more than apparent that investors keep repeating the same mistakes as though there have never been other speculative bubbles to learn from. Some examples of speculative bubbles have memorable names such as the Tulip-Bulb craze and the Florida Real Estate Craze. But of interest here is the Crash of 1987."
Abstract This paper examines the key factors that contributed to the stock market crash and shows how these factors operated together to bring the American economy to a standstill for an entire decade.
From the Paper "The economic climate of the 1920s gave consumers a false sense of security; they naively believed that surely they would always have enough money to make their payments because the American economy seemed to be invincible. But due to the maldistribution of wealth among Americans, the economy of the 1920s depended very heavily on consumer confidence."
Tags: finance, stock, market, Depression, insider, trading, Hoover, Wall, Street
Abstract This paper examines how James Cone believes that if blacks, particularly African-Americans, don't wake up and change the traditional American image of Jesus, they will probably never grasp the true philosophy and mission of Jesus. It discusses how African-Americans must see Jesus as a black man that endured the struggle and how it is the duty of black preachers, pastors and theologians to advocate black theology, which includes the black image of Jesus, for the sake and survival of the African-American experience.
From the Paper "When one begins to think about God, questions arise as one lacks significant knowledge of God. When one begins to engage in such a dialogue, or entertains such questions, one has clearly entered the community of theology. The articles states: "The attempt to think about God leads immediately to a host of related question which are included under the term theology. First, there is the question of mans relationship to God, the ultimate source of things? Then we must ask about revelation to God, that is, how does man know what God is like? If God must reveal himself where and how is he revealed?" These are prospective questions that man can't escape when thinking about God or in dialogue about God. "
Abstract In addition to looking at the reasons for the disintegration of the Black Panthers, this paper also traces the origins of the Party, examines how and why it started, describes its program and activities, the FBI's campaign against the Black Panthers, the trial of Black Panther members in court, the role of women in BPP, and the impact of the Party on the country.
Table of Contents
The Black Panther Party
Origin
Why was the Party Started?
The Ten-Point Program
Activities of the Black Panthers
War Against the Panthers
Black Panthers in Court
Black Panther Women
Alliances and Coalitions
Mistakes Made by the Black Panthers
Impact of the Party on the Country
From the Paper "The black community of Oakland, California was greatly perturbed due to the failure of Southern white policemen to provide adequate protection for its black residents and the increasing incidents of police brutality targeted at the blacks. The organizers of the Panthers, therefore, aimed to gain justice for black people and dedicated themselves to defend the black community from racist police oppression and brutality. Besides being considered as the perpetrators of injustice and violence against the black community, the police was perceived by the Panthers as the representatives of the status quo and the "establishment" who implemented its anti-Black agenda. Since the Panthers believed that they were fighting the "status quo" the BPP considered itself to be a "revolutionary" party, which was committed to wage a class struggle to overthrow the existing order. (Harris 169)"
Abstract This paper examines the collection of essays known as "Black Witness to the Apostolic Faith" edited by David Shannon and Gayraud S. Wilmore about black and apostolic churches. It looks at how the purpose of the book is to find common ground among black Apostolic Christians and to expand their influence in the Christian and non-Christian world. It discusses how the editors believe that black Christian writers and theologians have not had the attention they deserve in the world of Christianity partly as a result of the racism of the past, which has left much power in white hands and less power in black hands. It evaluates how it seeks to take away the distortions of the Christian message which blacks were given by whites in the days of slavery.
From the Paper "In other words, in the bigger picture it should be all Christians, black and white and others, who come together in their common faith. The "confession' the authors write about is not only confession of sins but confession of faith, and that common confession can bring people together only if all sins are confessed and only if the confessor sees God as bigger than his own fears and prejudices. Wilmore is not saying that blacks should hate whites, but that whites must look at the past and accept what they did, just as blacks have had to look at the past and face what was done to them. To these Christian writers, it is God and Jesus Christ Who have allowed them to survive that past and to come out of their experiences with love and forgiveness in their hearts."
