Abstract
This paper discusses Andrea Tone's article, "Black Market Birth Control: Contraceptive Entrepreneurship and Criminality in the Gilded Age." The paper describes the aim of the article, which is to generate a fuller understanding of the underground movement in birth control in the late 19th and early 20th century. The paper discusses the way that the article is presented and why this approach makes it a successful article and enjoyable to read.

From the Paper
"I really enjoyed the personal nature of the article, which not only allowed the piece to come alive instead of being yet another piece of dry historical work, but also really brought the issue to life since these kinds of laws trickle down to the individual, forcing them to make decisions they may have not ordinarily made. The photographs were also helpful in understanding how crude the science of birth control was at the time. Knowing this fact allows the reader to understand two things: first, how without the efforts of these clandestine entrepreneurs the safe and effective devices we have today would not have been invented. And secondly, it helps the audience understand why these laws were put in place to begin with because it illustrates how dangerous and unreliable the contraceptives were."

Tags:underground, personal, anecdotal

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the recurring problem of black markets, focusing on drug trafficking, nuclear weapons and human black markets. It points out the negative aspects with regard to black marketing, such as the obvious moral issues and the resulting problems to the community. It also attempts to propose some solutions to the problems of the various black market trades.

From the Paper
"Illegal substances have always been a magnet for black market profits. Prohibition failed largely because there was such a lucrative and enormous black market surrounding the manufacture and supply of illegal alcohol. Many family fortunes were made during prohibition, when drinking was made illegal, but people drank anyway. The same thing happens when prices are fixed in an attempt to reduce or regulate consumption."

Tags:drug, trafficking, nuclear, weapons, human, organ, baby, slave, trade

Abstract
This paper takes a look at sturgeon, the caviar eggs and the embargo on caviar trade. The paper also discusses black market caviar trade, as well as, poaching of the sturgeon. The paper further discusses the measures that need to be taken in order to prevent the extinction of beluga sturgeon.

Outline:
Sturgeon and Their Eggs - a Brief History
What is the Latest News Regarding the Embargo on Caviar?
Why is There an Embargo on Caviar?
What About the Black Market, and Poaching of the Sturgeon?
Who Buys the Caviar?
What Should the United States do to Prevent the Extinction of Beluga Sturgeon?
The Future of U.S. Sources of Caviar Could be in Aquaculture

From the Paper
"The California Department of Fish and Game seized 25 pounds of illegal caviar, estimated to be worth $50 a pound on the black market in California. The primary market for the seized caviar was the "Sacramento-are Russian community"; the mother-son team was caught recruiting sturgeon fishermen to catch and sell them over 500 pounds of sturgeon. But the penalty for their crimes was not very severe; each was sentenced to 150 days in jail, although the mother only served 70 days, and the son served 60 days; both performed community service work in lieu of the full jail terms. The mother was also fined $1,000, while the son was hit with a sanction of $5,000."

Tags:Caspian, Sea, beluga, Caspian, Sea, russian

Abstract
In this essay, the writer notes that while much of this paper focuses on the economic and social costs of the sex industry in America, it cannot be ignored that the sex industry is global. The writer points out that while traditional economic discussions focus on legally traded goods and commodities, the sex industry, is one of the most lucrative industries, both in the United States and in the global economy. The writer discusses that sex workers, whether they entered into the industry willingly or by force, are predominantly composed of members of the lower and lower-middle classes. The result is that the sex trade, although a possibly lucrative source of income for female sex workers, actually reduces women's economic power. The writer concludes that furthermore, the sex trade perpetuates existing class distinctions.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Data
Analysis
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"When people discuss the economy, the conversations generally focus on legally traded goods and commodities. However, the black and gray markets form a huge sector of the economy. Furthermore, illegally trade goods and goods that are highly linked to illegal sales have a tremendous impact on society, which may actually surpass the impact of legally traded goods. When people discuss the black market, they frequently speak of stolen items, counterfeit goods, and drugs. However, the largest segment of the black market is actually involved in the sex trade. In fact, the profit from direct traffic in human beings, literally sold into sexual slavery, rivals the profit from illegal drug sales. Once profits from other sectors of the sex trade are factored in, it becomes clear that the sex industry is the most lucrative industry in the American economy, and possibly the world economy."

Tags:prostitution, female, sexual, industry

Abstract
The paper reveals that although many people thought the 1987 stock market crash would have a lasting, detrimental effect upon the American economy and financial markets, the crash was only a temporary event that shook up the economy and in fact caused many improvements. The paper discusses how as a result of this stock market crash, companies changed their investment strategies, stockholders changed their attitudes, and the government made many improvements in our financial markets to reduce the chance of another stock market crash occurring.

From the Paper
" After the cataclysmic events caused by the Stock Market crash of 1987, there was widespread confusion and paranoia among the financial markets of the United States, and most of the world. What had occurred on October 19 would never be forgotten. "Black Monday", as it was called, was the day that a staggering 508 point drop occurred in the Dow Jones Industrial average (Wilhelm, "Five" 13). As the Dow plummeted 22.6 percent on October 19 and 30.7 percent in six days, shock waves rolled around the world, eradicating an estimated $1 trillion in wealth (Wilhelm, "Five" 14). Though many people saw it as a harbinger of epochal change, the stock market crash of 1987 led neither to epidemic bank failures nor to a recession in the economy (Forbes 39). The stock market crash of 1987 did not change the world, but it did change the world's stock markets for the better."

Tags:investment, stockholders, interest, rates, Black, Monday, Dow, Jones

Abstract
This report discusses the stock market crash of 1987 by delving into some of the less obvious reasons for that dramatic day on Wall Street. The report also provides additional insights into how and why investors are in the game and why they were so taken aback by that particular market downturn. This testimony also examines some of the consequences that occurred immediately following the events and how those series of events have carried through to the mindset of present-day investments and the Federal Reserve Bank's policies and procedures. The report then attempts to ascertain some lessons learned so as to avoid repeating history. Finally, this report attempts to explain some investor philosophies that are continually occurring throughout history and takes a look at the steps taken by the overseers of the market itself, which have the sole purpose of preventing future crashes of the magnitude of 1987's downturn.

From the Paper
"The bottom line is that these bubbles have historically been caused by greed and maybe even a in the human animal. Whatever the reason, it is more than apparent that investors keep repeating the same mistakes as though there have never been other speculative bubbles to learn from. Some examples of speculative bubbles have memorable names such as the Tulip-Bulb craze and the Florida Real Estate Craze. But of interest here is the Crash of 1987."

Tags:black, tuesday, buy, securities, savings, future, cash, needs, increase, wealth, invest

Abstract
This paper examines the key factors that contributed to the stock market crash and shows how these factors operated together to bring the American economy to a standstill for an entire decade.

From the Paper
"The economic climate of the 1920s gave consumers a false sense of security; they naively believed that surely they would always have enough money to make their payments because the American economy seemed to be invincible. But due to the maldistribution of wealth among Americans, the economy of the 1920s depended very heavily on consumer confidence."

Tags:finance, stock, market, Depression, insider, trading, Hoover, Wall, Street

Abstract
This paper is a case analysis on Black and Decker's Marketing Action Plan for their Tools Division. The paper discusses marketing, communications, brand equity value, brand recognition and image.

From the Paper
"This marketing Action Plan for the Black Decker Tools Divisions assumes that the company will accept strategy. Option. Drop the Black Decker Names from the Professional-Tradesman Segment."

Tags:Marketing action plan, Marketing/Communications plan

Abstract
This paper discusses the historical period encompassing the Black Death. The paper provides a historical background and presents documentation describing the events of the Black Death and those surrounding it. The paper then goes on to make suggestions for a film depicting the Black Death, focusing on location, cast, plot and costumes.

Table of Contents:
Historical Background and Documentation
Location and Settings
Cast
Plot
Costumes
Potential Market

From the Paper
"The effects were terrible, considering the demographic, economic and political aspect. Demographically speaking, The Black Death dramatically reduced the population level in Europe (Stearns, ch 20). From the perspective of the economy, there was a loss in labor force and thus the society structure began to change, giving skilled workers a more important role. Peasants rebelled against any oppressor, culminating with The Jacquerie in 1358, the Peasants' Revolt in England in 1381, the Catalonian Rebellion in 1395. On another level, cities were hit by the stop of construction projects, devastation and chaos. (The Black Death: Economic). Politically speaking, the plague also affected the royal houses, such as the queens of Aragon and France, the son of the Byzantine emperor, and King Alfonso XI of Castile who was the only reigning monarch to die of the plague (The Black Death: Economic). At a local level, there was a massive disruption in the organization system, including legal and political disarray."

Tags:plague, actors, drama, narrative

Abstract
The paper describes the effects of the 1987 stock market crash and outlines the debate comparing the 1929 and 1987 stock market crashes. The paper then addresses three possible root causes or contributing factors to the crash, specifically, program trading, liquidity issues and U.S. trade and budget deficits.

From the Paper
"The stock market crash was a major systemic shock because not only did the prices of many financial assets tumble, but market functioning was severely impaired (Carlson, 2006). The United States was not the first country that felt it but rather it went into a domino effect from east to west. Since the time zone of the Asian stock market is ahead of the American stock market, the first casualties of the crash was the Hong Kong stock exchange and it spread to the European stock markets until it took its toll on the North American markets. The Japanese stock market got only affected after the American stock market fell. Japan appears to not have participated as others in the downward pressure on other markets, but instead movements in the Japanese market after the crash helped recovery in the US (Yang and Bessler, 2008). At the end of the calamity, the stock market reports showed Hong Kong falling by 46%, Australia by 42%, the United States by 23%, Canada at 22.5% and the hardest hit New Zealand by 60% (Browning, 2007; Carlson, 2006; yang and Bessler, 2008).
"Although there have been debates ever since comparing the 1987 stock market crash to the 1929 crash but the 1929 crash took time to recover while the 1987 did not see a protracted problem because the market rallied immediately in the succeeding weeks and months thereafter. The disaster in 1987 was different than others, because it happened so fast. It was hard to know how far the tentacles were going to reach. After three or four months, it was ancient history."

Tags:program, trading, liquidity, trade, budget, deficits