Abstract
This paper argues that digital cameras are better than analogue cameras. Specifically, it discusses the history of digital photography, its utility in matters such as record-keeping and crime-fighting, and some noteworthy instances of digital photography producing impressive and compelling works. Finally, the author states the various reasons why it may be said that digital black and white photography is better than analog black and white photography.

From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that digital cameras are, indeed, better than analogue cameras. Specifically, the next several pages will look briefly at the history of digital photography, at its utility in matters such as record-keeping and crime-fighting, at some noteworthy instances of digital photography producing impressive and compelling works, and, finally, I will look at all of the various reasons why it may be said that digital black and white photography is better than analog black and white photography - most because, as it turns out, digital photography (while certainly not perfect) simply provides more options for the creative..."

Tags:digital, black, white

Abstract
The following paper examines the statements made in Betty Friedan's "The Problem That Has No Name" from "The Feminine Mystique" and in "A Black Feminist Statement" from 'All the Women are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave' which reveal both differences and similarities in the problems faced by each group as well as how race, gender and generational perspectives influence each group?s response. The writer concludes that both groups had different experiences in their fights for equality based on their race, social status, economic class, sexual orientation and the time period in which they fought.

From the Paper
"Writing in 1963, Betty Friedan revealed the problems faced by white, middle-class housewives who were not content and fulfilled in their roles as wives and mothers. The account by The Combahee River Collective focuses on the experiences of black, socialist, lesbian women 1977. The desires, frustrations and proposed solutions of each group reflect their social status as well as their race and economic class."

Tags:african, american, black, collective, combahee, feminism, feminist, lesbian, river

Abstract
This paper argues that digital cameras are better than analogue cameras. Specifically, the paper looks briefly at the history of digital photography, at its utility in matters such as record-keeping and crime-fighting and at some noteworthy instances of digital photography producing impressive and compelling works. Finally, the paper looks at all of the various reasons why it may be said that digital black and white photography is better than analog black and white photography.

From the Paper
"More than that, the technology that makes digital black and white photographs possible always runs the risk of becoming obsolete. For instance, the old Epson 2200, 7600, 9600 printers have been pushed aside by Epson Stylus Pro 4800, by the Epson Stylus Pro 7800, and by the Epson Stylus Pro 9800 (FLAAR Network, para.8); simply put, unlike the fairly low-maintenance prints rendered by analog cameras, the "splashy" digital B&W prints of today place photography enthusiasts in the uncomfortable position of seeking out new technological tools that have a (quite literally) a built-in obsolescence factor. Be that as it may, though, most photographers will gladly accept this trade-off if it means the chance to be more creative."

Tags:prints, photographs, negatives

Abstract
The paper examines the differences in the savings patterns, wealth accumulation and home ownership between black and white individuals and explores through a literature review the social policies or solutions that have been historically focused on the inequality of wealth between blacks and whites. The paper finds that policy reform has been successful in some areas, however, there are still many barriers to home ownership and equal wages in the workplace for minority workers.

Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of Study
Significance of Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Findings of Study
Conclusion
Recommendations

From the Paper
"The work of Freeman and Hamilton entitled: "The Changing Determinants of Inter-racial Home Ownership Disparities: New York City in the 1990s" relates that a significant change in policy concerning home ownership took place in the 1990s toward reduction of the disparities relating to home ownership between white individual and those of minority races. Specifically stated in the work of Freeman and Hamilton is that home ownership "has long been symbolic of the American dream, but for many non-whites, home ownership has been a dream deferred." (2004) Evidence of this, according to Freeman and Hamilton, may be seen in the existing gaps in home ownership differences between whites and non-whites. "

Tags:Affirmative, Action, savings, home, ownership, wages

Abstract
This paper examines how "A Raisin in the Sun" by Lorraine Hansberry and "Black Man and White Woman in Dark Green Rowboat" by Russell Banks both have characters dealing with burdens that they must overcome and how color has an underlying message in both. It looks at how in each work there is a common theme that is highlighted most of the time where prejudices, a common goal to strive for a better life, burdens, and the symbolization of color are preached throughout. The paper also discusses how both works talk about discrimination between blacks and whites, a better life and dealing with their dilemmas as well as the significance of the representation of green in each.

From the Paper
"Each of the story lines has a barrier between blacks and whites. They both are put in situations amongst one another and the outcome turns out to be troublesome. In Banks's story, there is conflict with a white girl and a black boy where the only place they can even go to have a discussion with each other is away from civilization in a rowboat. They cannot be seen being friends in the town because of what other prejudice people may think. In Hansberry's play, a lower-class African-American family finally saves up enough money to be able to afford a home large enough to support their family, but once they move into this entirely Caucasian neighborhood the chairman of the neighborhood committee, Clybourne Parks, says "that for the happiness of all concerned that our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities" (Hansberry, 1590). "

Tags:discrimination, prejudice, blacks, African-American

Abstract
This paper explains that Frantz Fanon, in his book "Black Skin, White Masks", explores the ideological differences experienced by black and white people living in former colonies. Next, the author relates Fanon's mission to destroy the stereotypes created by colonialism by analyzing them from every social point of view. The paper underscores that the illusion of hypothetical social ascent produces a greater problem of racial attitudes than racism; therefore, Fanon illuminates the meaning of socially archaic prejudice to provide an objective analysis of colonialism. The paper includes several quotations.

From the Paper
"In other words, the juxtaposition between the black and white races created a massive psycho-existential complex for the former--one that the book attempts to analyse and destroy. He himself has said that his conclusions are applicable only to the context of the Antilles, his home-country. In other words, this description is only valid if we take both the environmental context and the individual into consideration.
"Consequently, when this juxtaposition between colonised and coloniser does not take place, the former group suffers an inferiority process created by the death and burial of local originality, which is subsumed in the domination of the language of the colonisers. The black man undergoes a 'whitening process' and must forsake his "jungle status." He becomes even 'whiter' once he decides to adopt the colonisers' mother tongue in order to gain privilege.
"The objectiveness of the statement: "Look, a Negro!" which Fanon experienced when he was in France may be explained by a passage on page 110:
'For not only the black man be black; he must be / black in relation to the white man /[...] they / were in conflict with a civilization that he did not know / and that imposed itself on him.'"

Tags:underappreciated categorisation, psycho-existential complex, coloniser juxtaposition

Abstract
The paper discusses the difference between "black hat" and "white hat" hackers, the black hats being those who use hacking for unsavory purposes, and white hats those who encourage the development of computer technology. The paper looks at the development of hacking from the 1970s through the 1990s and identifies famous black hat and white hat hackers. The paper shows how although hacking is generally seen as a negative activity, deeper investigation reveals that this is not in fact the case.

From the Paper
"One of the first hacker arrests during the 1980s occurred in Milwaukee, when the group called 414 was arrested for 60 computer crimes, ranging from break-ins into the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center system to Los Alamos National Laboratory. As a result, the Comprehensive Crime Control Act was implemented to provide the Secret Service with jurisdiction over credit card and computer fraud. Later during the 1980s, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act provided authorities with even more power to make computer hacking a criminal offense. It was only in 1986 that the U.S. government realized the potential danger of hacking to national security. At this time, the Computer Emergency Response Team was also formed by U.S. defense agencies to help investigate and curb computer crimes.
"This hardly discouraged hacking, as 2600: The Hacker Quarterly was founded to help hackers with tips on hacking into computer and telephone systems. During the late 1980s, Kevin Mitnick, a veteran hacker at 25, secretly monitored MCI and Digital Equipment security officials' e-mail. He was sentenced to one year in jail for damaging computers and stealing software. By this time, phreaks also began to migrate to computer hacking. It was also during the 1980s that the first Bulletin Board Systems appeared. They were used by hackers to share tips on how to break into computers, use stolen credit card numbers, and stolen computer passwords."

Tags:computer, technology, crime, security, spamming

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book "Black Rednecks and White Liberals" by Thomas Sowell and contains an analysis and discussion of the book and its thesis. The paper explains how the book attempts to dispel misconceptions regarding race relations while providing a unique and interesting history of both black and white culture as it evolved in the American South.

From the Paper
"Sowell supports his thesis through his own 25 years of research on the subject, combined with numerous scholarly essays he has collected for this work. Another aspect of his thesis in preparing this work is to provoke thought and discussion, and because this book is decidedly different from many looks into southern history, it will surely do just that. Sowell's copious notes, which stretch nearly 60 pages at the end of the book, clearly show the intensity of his research and interest in this subject, and they also indicate how diligently he has researched and thought out his thesis.
"First, it is important to define "cracker" or "redneck" culture as it is used in the book, and to look at the surprising origins of that culture. The original cracker or redneck culture did not evolve in the American South, as many might think. Instead, it originated in the British Isles and migrated to America. Sowell writes, "Most of the common white people of the South came from the northern borderlands of England - for centuries an no-man's land between Scotland and England - as well as from the Scottish Highlands and from Ulster County, Ireland" (Sowell 3). Not all of these groups, the author notes, formed the backbone of English culture; rather they were fringe or unorthodox cultures at odds with English tradition, and often English law, as well. In addition, these areas were much more uncivilized than other areas of Britain, and these are the major areas that populated the American South. Thus, "cracker" culture is actually an offshoot of uncivilized British culture, and it remained largely unchanged for centuries after the British came to the southern part of the country.

Tags:provoke, history, culture

Abstract
The paper examines the book "Neither Black Nor White: The Saga of an American Family" by Joseph E. Holloway and looks at how the racial
intermixing of familial relationships is a crucial aspect of lineage studies in the book.

From the Paper
"Holloway describes the lineage of John Hadnot of Gloucester, England in the 16th century and the resulting migration of the family to America in 18th century. The story of William Hadnot is the central apparatus of the story of the Hadnot family, as they are slave owners that now live in New Orleans. One crucial aspect of the novel is the issue of mixed race families. Although Hadnot is a prominent slave owner, he is essentially related to the slaves that work for him on the land. This type of proof comes from the determination of William to see the value of the work done by the slaves, which are essentially his own family members."

Tags:slavery, plantations, Hadnot, lineage

Abstract
The paper asserts that the ability to create political change must come from the people. The paper discusses how in order to make radical changes, coalitions are formed that provide citizens the opportunity to voice their concerns. The paper emphasizes that by forming coalitions, it is possible to bring people of different ethnic backgrounds together in support of common goals.

From the Paper
"Why were coalitions between white liberals and African Americans possible, but not inevitable, in post 1960 Los Angeles? Los Angeles has always leaned toward the liberal side which made it an ideal environment for fostering cooperation among diverse ethnic groups. The open minded attitudes of Californians especially those in Los Angeles during the 1960's provided a prime opportunity for cooperation between African Americans who were starting to become more integrated into political activism and whites who needed to gain support to influence..."

Tags:biracial, coalition, political change