Abstract
The following paper will argue that Leonard Blusse's, Bitter Bonds, is an excellent introduction to the intersection of race, gender and class in Asia and Europe during the seventeenth century. The next several pages will look at such things as how Dutch law subordinated women and how socio-economic strivings and realities often compelled the formation of marriages predicated more upon a desire for money than for anything else; some time will also be devoted to showing how Blusse captures the racist attitudes that often doomed - or at least complicated - inter-marriages between Dutch men and Asian women. Finally, and not least of all, it will be pointed out how Blusse's text, by presenting the parties in his narrative as human beings deserving of some sympathy (if not whole-hearted support) breathes an air of authenticity into the work by suggesting that they are victims (yes, even Johan Bitter is a victim) of a culture that explicitly sets up hierarchies formulated along race, class and gender lines.

From the Paper
Illuminating the Intersections of Race, Gender and Class in Asia and Europe during the Seventeenth Century: A Review of Bitter Bonds by Leonard Blusse The following paper will argue that Leonard Blusse's, Bitter Bonds, is an excellent introduction to the intersection of race, gender and class in Asia and Europe during the seventeenth century. The next several pages will look at such things as how Dutch law subordinated women and how socio-economic strivings and realities often compelled the formation of marriages predicated more upon a desire for money than for anything else; some time will also be devoted to showing how Blusse captures the racist

Tags:blusse, leonard, bonds

Abstract
This paper will explain the important points that are brought up in the book "Bitter Fruit: The Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by Stephen E. Schlesinger. By analyzing the policies that are so much a part of this imperial struggle in the Central American conflict, we can see how this would compare to the Eisenhower policy that was so much a part of earlier relationship with Guatemala in the understanding in this arena. In this book, we can understand how the authors convey a message of American policy on both fronts.

Abstract
The paper discusses how the text articulates the historical and contemporary relationship between the First World and the Third World - using sugar as a starting-point. Additionally, the paper looks at how the text (focused as it is upon the sugar trade) explicates the conditions of the Third World and of their fledgling democracies; not to be overlooked, the paper subsequently explores whether or not the text offers insight into how the Third World influences the make-up of the First World.

From the Paper
"This paper is a book review of Elizabeth Abbott's 2008 text, "Sugar: A Bitter-Sweet History". This paper will discuss how the text articulates the historical and contemporary relationship between the First World and the Third World - using sugar as a starting-point. Additionally, the paper will look at how the text (focused as it is upon the sugar trade) explicates the conditions of the Third World and of their fledgling democracies; not to be overlooked, the paper will subsequently explore whether or not the text offers insight into how the Third World influences the constitution (make-up) of the First World. Finally, the paper will..."

Tags:elizabeth, abbott, history

From the Paper
The Violence and Terror of Poe
"The stories of Edgar Allan Poe are so filled with cruelty and sadism as to suggest a psychological unbalance on the part of the author. His violent themes - a tortured prisoner in a dungeon of the Inquisition, a man plastered alive into the wall of a tomb, the brutal murder of a cat by its crazed owner, and a man viciously killed because of his vulture eye - raise questions about the author's motivation - was it literary or personal? A study of Poe's life suggests that his obsession with violence and terror was not a reflection of the current literary movement, but a reflection of his own tortured psyche.

Poe was raised in an atmosphere of death and alienation. His mother died when he was three-years-old, leaving him an orphan - his father having long since disappeared. He was raised..."

Tags:LITERATURE, AMERICAN: POE

Abstract
Using a newspaper article about Merck being fined some $400 million for fraud against Medicare and other government facilities in 49 states, the essay discusses how Kant's view on ethics covers the problems of Merck and others in today's pharmaceutical industry where the bottom line seems to outweigh any problems with the efficacy or side effects of the drug products they sell.

From the Paper
"The Hippocratic Oath, to which all doctors swear, states that at the very least they do no harm. The pharmaceutical companies do not have such an oath. Perhaps they should. In recent years, a number of drugs have been recalled because they caused side effects, including heart attacks and deaths that were not accounted for in the original tests. Merck is one of the worst offenders, not merely committing fraud against Medicare but also having had others of its products, including best-selling Vioxx, removed from sale. The reason is, simply, greed. While we focus on Merck in these pages, this company is not alone in preferring to concentrate on the..."

Tags:ethics, pharmaceutical industry, kant

Abstract
The paper examines the books "The Whiskey Rebellion", "The Long, Bitter Trail" and "A Shopkeeper's Millennium", which provide an overview of different events that resulted from the economic boom after the American Revolution. The paper shows how, in all three events, economics were at the root of the actions although these situations had secondary motivators as well. The paper also highlights how in all three events, uniting into groups of shared interests was the best way to overcome major challenges and more effectively control the future.

From the Paper
"After the American Revolution, production of staple products grew, economic risks decreased, transportation improved and individual merchants and small companies experienced reduced costs through improvement of economies of scale (McCusker & Menard, 22). Contrary to the Colonial Period, with the increasing demand for U.S. agricultural products, American farmers and merchants were no longer in debt to the British traders. Further, growing demand, in part due to Anglo-French wars, led to increased production of American products. As a result, across the country, there was an impetus by the settlers and recent arrivals to take advantage of the economic opportunities in this newly established nation."

Tags:Second, Great, Awakening, religion, capitalism, land, distillers, farmers, class

Abstract
The paper examines "Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer and "Modern Latin America" by Thomas E. Skidmore and Peter H. Smith as they relate to the Guatemalan coup of 1954. The paper explores the role of the United Fruit Company (UFC) in the coup that overturned the legitimate Arbenz government of Guatemala in 1954, the CIA role in this affair and the UFC's relationship with the U.S. State Department and with the Guatemalan workers.

From the Paper
"How many Americans know that the United States Government directly and dramatically interfered with the internal affairs of a sovereign nation (Guatemala) in 1954? And it wasn't a matter of small-time inference, but in fact the American CIA installed a dictator friendly to the U.S., and ousted the existing Arbenz administration. Probably few Americans also realize that this action in Guatemala was not a unique moment in U.S. interference in foreign nation's internal affairs. Indeed, the CIA had orchestrated and carried out a coup in Iran on August 19, 1953. The CIA installed the Shah of Iran into power thanks to a plan called "Operation Ajax" authorized by President Dwight Eisenhower and directed by the same men who carried out the coup against the legitimate government of Guatemala - brothers John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State) and Allen Dulles (CIA Director). The Iranian coup was fully explained in a book called All the Shaw's Men by Stephen Kinzer, the same author who co-wrote Bitter Fruit."

Tags:CIA, foreign, policy, Dulles, Eisenhower, Shah, Iran, Arbenz, government

Abstract
This paper explains how there are similarities in the tragedies that befall the Loman, Hamlet, and Elesin. By the end of the narratives, all three characters die of broken hearts. It discusses how there is no triumph in their deaths; neither is there happiness. There is only bitterness and humiliation. The conflicts that these characters face come about from a mixture of personalities, personal foibles, circumstances, and from culture.

From the Paper
"Willy Loman is a salesman by trade. Salesmanship for him is also a way of life. Salesmanship defines his very essence. Unfortunately, that is how Willy approaches life, being a husband and parent. Willy Loman's life is all about appearances. Willy is proud of the physical prowess and athletic abilities of his sons. He does not inculcate a value-system in Biff and Happy. The end result is that both his sons are not productive or respectable citizens. Eventually, Willy realizes that, in a way, his philandering is a primary contributor to this. The family dynamic is one of salesmanship "whatever sells or looks good no matter how insubstantial. Willy lives the big lie. He is unable to disassociate salesmanship as a career and a way of life. He constantly denies reality; life in turn denies him peace of mind. In Willy's internal struggle, the salesman in him always wins out and that is his eventual undoing. When Willy dies by running his car into a neighborhood tree, one only feels for his wife. The reader knows that his sons" reaction of sadness will be fleeting at best. This is his legacy. React and move on."

Tags:bitterness, humiliation

Abstract
This paper explains that there is a striking difference between Ronald Miao's translation of "Boudoir Thoughts" by Hsu Kan, which is closer to the text of the original, than the very Western-style translation by Herbert Giles. The author points out that, in Miao's translation, the speaker seems to be mourning the loss of the beloved without blame or bitterness; whereas, in Giles's reinterpretation, the speaker seems alienated from the beloved and filled with bitterness. The paper relates that the general tone of the poem in Miao's translation is quieter and has more resigned speech; in Giles's translation, the tone is far more exorbitant and uses passionate words.

From the Paper
"This difference begins when Giles addresses the clouds directly, as if they were human: "O floating clouds... bear on your wings these words... Alas, you float along nor heed my pain, and leave me here..." Giles looks at the clouds and sees them as cruel beings who will betray and abandon the poet. Miao, on the other hand, uses the silence of the clouds as a way to show the scale of the poet in relationship to the world, and to express not abandonment but distance."

Tags:difference, tone, zen, traditional, western

Abstract
This paper examines how, in the short story, "Cathedral", by Raymond Carver, the narrator referred to as 'Bub' learns a lesson in being human from the stranger who visits him and his wife. It looks at how, from the first thought, it is clear that Bub is bitter toward the blind man for a number of reasons, since Bub is a man who is not as observant as he believes and who has long failed to understand his own blindness. It shows how, by the end of the story, that bitterness has evaporated as Bub metaphorically walks in the other man's shoes and learns a valuable lesson in perception.

From the Paper
"Bub is in many ways an unpleasant man throughout most of this story. He is bitter to the blind man even before he arrives. He is somewhat unreasonable about it to his wife, because the blind man is her friend and should be treated with more respect just for that reason. Bub does not like to have his routine interrupted and is even rude to the man directly once he arrives. Bub seems to take it offensive that the other man is blind, and yet as the story progresses, we discover that the man who cannot see with his eyes can "see" better than Bub as far as having an understanding of the world and the people in it."

Tags:bub, blindness, perception, prejudice