Abstract
This paper discusses one of the most contentious issues in contemporary American life, birth control.
This paper examines birth control in America and argues that birth control is something which should be readily available to all citizens just as long as certain protocols are followed. In so doing, however, this paper also points out the arguments of those who are unconvinced that wide spread birth control is desirable. In the end, this paper's central contention is that having a child is an enormously challenging development in the lives of young people (or old people, for that matter) and it should only be undertaken if the parents (or parent) possess the maturity, the desire and the resources necessary to do the job well.

Tags:birth, control, rights

Abstract
This paper explains that continued high fertility rates and longer lifespans are creating an environmental problem. The author points out that, because of this growth, mankind strips the forests and reduces the natural habitat of the animals in order to make more room for human population expansion and businesses, dumps pollution, and is depleting the natural resources at an alarming rate. The paper concludes that mankind is beginning to explore these problems and is working toward solutions to reduce the strain.

From the Paper
"Overall, the current world population is about 6.4 billion and is expected to reach about 8 billion in the next decade. That is a huge population increase. If we are currently strained over resources, how will we survive with another two billion people? Many say that the rise in human Population is not the effect of fertility, but the result of the inclining life expectancy. There are obviously conflicting viewpoints, which makes the problem harder to control. In wealthier countries, where hunger and health are not issues, people live longer. Life expectancy has continued to increase throughout history. During the Roman Empire, the average life expectancy was 22 years, by the Middle Ages it had risen to 33 years, and then by the middle of the 19th century it had increased to 43 years. In the early 1900s, life expectancies in more developed countries ranged from 35 years to 55 years, and now hover around 75 years."

Tags:taxation, birth-control, education, planning, pollution

Abstract
The following paper will explore the idea that there are simply too many human beings are on earth at this time and that birth rates must be brought down substantially if anything is to be left for future generations to enjoy. As time permits, the next several generations will look at the explosion of the human population as well as the pressures that a rampant human population is placing upon the planet's resources. The paper will also look at the positive and negative feedbacks that are at work in all of this and the concept of "human carrying capacity" (and its implications) will be assessed. Finally, the paper will conclude by looking at some vital questions that more and more of us should be asking of ourselves and of others.

From the Paper
Environmental Science and Ecology: Are Human Beings Slowly Killing Mother Earth? The following paper will explore the idea that there are simply too many human beings are on earth at this time and that birth rates must be brought down substantially if anything is to be left for future generations to enjoy. As time permits, the next several generations will look at the explosion of the human population as well as the pressures that a rampant human population is placing upon the planet's resources. The paper will also look at the positive and negative feedbacks that are at work in all of this and the concept of "human carrying capacity" (and

Tags:ecology, human, beings

Abstract
This paper discusses how in his novel "The Souls of Black Folk" W.E.B. Du Bois wrote that the problem of the 20th Century is the problem of the color-line and how written in 1903, Du Bois' analysis proved correct for the rest of the century, particularly the first two-thirds of the 20th Century when Hollywood films depicted blacks as inferiors. It shows how a comparison of his portrayal of African Americans with D.W. Griffith's 1915 landmark film "Birth of a Nation" reveals a vivid contrast in the depiction of African Americans. It looks at how Du Bois portrays African Americans as a people who experience racial suffering and injustices, but also as a people with great strengths and resources who must fight as opposed to the film industry which stereotyped them as ignorant savages or grinning, dancing stooges or people who could only hold menial jobs and who lacked morals and intellect.

From the Paper
"Before the release of "Birth of a Nation" blacks remained for the large part politically indifferent to the derogatory images presented by the film industry. One historian attributes their lack of interest to the deep puritan fundamentalist roots that dismissed film as needless frivolity (Cripps 11). Another reason could be that African Americans had so many areas that required their attention that leaders did not have the time to deal with film. The depiction of African Americans in Hollywood films was horrific, with stereotypes of them as ignorant savages or grinning, dancing stooges or people who could only hold menial jobs and who lacked morals and intellect. D. W. Griffith, the single most influential director of his time, took the stereotypes even further in A Birth of a Nation,@ portraying African Americans as brutal, lusting menaces who represented a very real threat to society."

Tags:stereotype, blacks, hollywood, racial, suffering

Abstract
This paper opens by tracing the roots of America's commerce back to the Boston Tea Party. This paper details the manner in which the harbors on America's east coast accommodated both shipping and fishing from Nova Scotia to the Florida Straits. This paper delves into the booming economy on America's west coast which brought about the California Gold Rush and the fur trade which originated on the northwest. This paper examines the impact of various industries on America's growing economy including logging, agricultural and the railway system, which, by the 1880s connected the east and west coasts. This paper also focuses on North America's current natural resources and their contributions to the economy including natural gas, which is supplied primarily via Canada.

Table of Contents:
Exploiting the West
Today's Prospects
Political/Cultural Climate
References

From the Paper
"The bases for antique economies on the North American continent are simple to define. They were economies of continuous expansion right up to the present, in many ways. Every schoolchild knows that the abundant rivers and rapids on the East Coast allowed the development of knitting mills and the clothing industry. As farmland grew more expensive, people moved westward. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, linked the waters of Lake Erie (and the lands beyond the lake) and the Hudson River (and New York City, and the world) to the east. It opened up the nation west of the Appalachian Mountains, creating the midwestern breadbasket."

Tags:history, american, economy, commerce, industry, gold, railway, harbor, maritime, logging

Abstract
The paper discusses the lack of population control, decreased access to educational opportunities, healthcare and opportunities and political corruption that have resulted in the exploitation of the Philippines' natural resources to serve foreign and domestic elites and limited the available funds to deal with the burgeoning population. The paper also points out that for cultural and religious reasons, as well as to ensure their security in old age, many families desire large numbers of children. The paper asserts that a lower birth rate will make the nation more sustainable and able to feed itself and will free up circulating capital and resources in the future for the current generation of young Filipinos.

From the Paper
"The Philippines has manifested a slow fertility decline; much slower than most countries in its region. It has also remained average in its rates of mortality. There is a projected and continued high population growth, resulting in more social service demands--creating a "demographic onus" rather than the "demographic bonus" enjoyed by other East Asian countries (Orbeta 2003, p.6). Poverty alleviation has been modest and mainly concentrated in urban areas. For the nation as a whole the number of poor increased from 4.6 million in 1985 to 5.14 million in 2000 (Orbeta 2003, p.7). "Demographic changes (decline in population growth, fertility, mortality and changing age distribution) have sizeable impacts on economic growth" and "account for about half of recorded economic growth in Southeast Asia, one third in East Asia" (Orbeta 2003, p.8). Access to family planning remains problematic in the Philippines, and government instability in recent years has further hampered the development of appropriate health services, especially for rural areas. For example, in January 2001 President Macapagal-Arroyo occupied the presidency after a civilian coup, backed by the military, until elections took place in May 2004 (Orbeta 2003, p.8). The lack of population control, decreased access to educational opportunities, healthcare, and opportunities has been particularly "deleterious" in its effects upon the nation's resources of human capital (Orbeta 2003, p.12)."

Tags:resources, funds, birth, rate, family, planning

Abstract
This paper examines how the one child policy is a strategy devised by a nation in an attempt to control the increasing birth rate and control the country's population due to the ever reducing resources as a result of population increase. China is the most populated country on earth and the strain on the available resources has prompted the country to come up with ways of controlling the situation. This paper describes what is meant by one child policy as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with it. The paper also examines both short term and long-term effects of this policy to the nation.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Advantages and Disadvantages of China's One-Child Policy

From the Paper
"The policy has had several effects both short term and long term on the general population. One major effect that was immediate was the drop in the country's fertility rate where initially every woman was capable of giving birth to more than three children but the situation changed to less than two as per the policy (Zhu, 2003). This policy enabled the Chinese government to prevent the birth of over four hundred million people who could be competing for the same resources available today. The policy has been instrumental in helping to spur china's recent economic growth into a world powerhouse because it has helped to solve some of the issues connected to overpopulation."

Tags:birth, rate, population, family, planning

Abstract
This paper defines the Turner Syndrome as the absence or deformity of the X chromosome. It investigates the treatments available to individuals suffering from the syndrome. The paper explores the resources and support groups available for parents of children who are diagnosed with the disorder.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Identification
Characteristics
Treatment
Resources and Support for Parents
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"It is estimated that Turner Syndrome occurs in 1 out of every 2500 live female births, making it one of the most common chromosomal disorders in the world. In the United States alone 800 new cases are discovered every year and an estimated 80,000 women battle with the disorder. ("Resources and Research: FAQ's," n.d.) The central purpose of this discussion is to identify and characterize the aforementioned condition using information gathered from the Turner Syndrome Society and The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. We will also investigate the treatments that are offered to individuals that suffer with the disorder including growth hormones and reproductive technologies. Finally, we will explore what resources and support groups are available for parents of children that are diagnosed with Turner Syndrome."

Tags:female, chromosome, treatment, support, group, birth, defect, infant

Abstract
The following paper examines how India, a region that lags in social development, education and rights of women has one of the highest birth rates in the world. This paper argues that there is nothing like population control. The concept does not exist. The writer asserts that what exists is equality and empowerment in education, reproductive health and other areas as effective means of fighting the growth curve.

From the Paper
"The world has a population of six billion. India alone has a population of one billion, in spite of the fact that India was the first country in the world to have a population policy. This large population is causing alarm. India is in the midst of a demographic transition, with fertility rates definitely declining, though not as fast as was expected. Population growth is the reason for every environmental problem facing India today, and many of their economic and social dilemmas as well. India, with a current estimated population of one billion and a population growth rate of 2.15%, has specifically staggering population-related problems, as one-third of the total population are subject to live below the poverty line. In addition, India's natural and environmental resources are shrinking. 53% of India's total land area is prone to soil erosion; dense and closed forests have been declining considerably and widespread water scarcity and water pollution subsist."

Tags:poverty, policymakers, natural resource, schooling, fertility policies

Abstract
In this essay, the subject of contraceptives in Kenya is discussed. This includes why Western medicine will not work in a society that basis wealth on the size of the family, the lack of understanding on both parties involved, the failure of family planning programs and the lack of follow up procedures. Before seeing the western trend of smaller families as the ideal, the paper argues that one must look at the notion of children as a form of wealth in the African family. Children remain valuable assets, even when the family is faced with economic hardship. Furthermore, in advance of implementing western knowledge of contraception, both sides must be educated in each others levels of understanding. Finally, to be educated, these women must have adequate resources. If high fertility rates want to be lowered, than there needs to be access to knowledgeable programs.

From the Paper
"The West fails on the absence of understanding why these contraceptives are unavailable, and when they are, why the Africans do not use them. The lack of understanding falls on the East when one realizes that they have no education on contraceptive issues. Absence of understanding of the African culture plays a part in the misconceptions of a high fertility rate."

Tags:africa, anthropology, birth, contraception, control, education, third, women, world