Abstract
The face of western society is changing - steadily, inexorably and at a rate that would have startled people as recently as a couple of generations ago. As the birthrates in the advanced western countries continue to languish but as the need for talented workers and professionals remains as pressing as ever, it has become imperative that the west import the talent and labourers it cannot be bothered producing itself; suffice it to say, this means a much more diverse cultural mosaic that will require teachers and professionals to possess much more diverse communicative and interactive tools than ever before. With that in mind, the following paper will look at the competencies demanded of educators and others today and suggest that, while generalities abound (and while problems do exist) cultural proficiency is a concept that is more relevant now than ever before.

From the Paper
Cultural Proficiency for the Modern Age The face of western society is changing - steadily, inexorably and at a rate that would have startled people as recently as a couple of generations ago. As the birthrates in the advanced western countries continue to languish but as the need for talented workers and professionals remains as pressing as ever, it has become imperative that the west import the talent and labourers it cannot be bothered producing itself; suffice it to say, this means a much more diverse cultural mosaic that will require teachers and professionals to possess much more diverse communicative and interactive tools than ever before. With that in mind,

Tags:cultural, competence, teaching

Abstract
The following paper will briefly argue that mass starvation is not a likely scenario for human beings because of our capacity to develop new technologies, because of our dwindling global birthrate, and because of new attitudes towards the environment. As time allows, I will look at these matters as well as at the science behind studies aimed at divining what the future holds for humanity. When all is said and done, the next few generations will not be idyllic one, but a positively cataclysmic series of events would have to occur before mass starvation would be possible.

From the Paper
Scientific Reasoning: Is Mass Starvation Really a Possibility for Human Beings? The following paper will briefly argue that mass starvation is not a likely scenario for human beings because of our capacity to develop new technologies, because of our dwindling global birthrate, and because of new attitudes towards the environment. As time allows, I will look at these matters as well as at the science behind studies aimed at divining what the future holds for humanity. When all is said and done, the next few generations will not be idyllic one, but a positively cataclysmic series of events would have to occur before mass starvation would be

Tags:starvation, human, beings

Abstract
The paper argues that the rights of the individual are most likely to deteriorate in societies that are plagued by excessively high birthrates and by high population density. The paper explains the utilitarian reasoning behind this principle as well as the simple fact that something of which there is a lot is going to be of lesser per capita value than something of which there is very little. The paper shows how over-population logically brings about a diminution in individual rights.

From the Paper
"It is sometimes asserted that the rights of the "common" - the community or the collective - will eventually impinge upon the right of the individual as the population in already-overcrowded nations and globally continues to spiral upward. This sort of statement can be interpreted in many ways and undoubtedly will be interpreted in many ways by people coming from different socio-economic and socio-political backgrounds. Be that as it may, this writer chooses to interpret the initial sentence in this paragraph as follows: as populations grow more massive, the competition for finite resources among individuals becomes more intense."

Tags:euthanasia, utilitarianism, population, density, birthrates

Abstract
The paper relates that the birthrates in most of the developed world have been plummeting for some time now - since at least the 1970s, really. The paper explains that as a result, countries in Scandinavia, Europe and in North America have been forced to look at their public policies and their immigration policies inasmuch as lower birthrates means an older population and increased reliance upon immigration as a means of combating labour shortages that invariably arise as fewer and fewer young people come along to perform those tasks. The paper looks at Canada's demographic make-up relative to the United States' demographic make-up to show that whilst both nations are experiencing a growing diversification of their human capital, Canada is actually more reliant upon immigration for its labour supply than is the United States insofar as its birthrate is considerably lower than America's. Beyond that, with regards to consumer expenditures, the paper notes that the fact that the Canadian birthrate is so low means that consumers over the next couple decades will increasingly be purchasing items that are geared towards elderly individuals: pharmaceutical drugs and health-care products and personal hygiene products intended for the elderly. The paper argues that Canada is hurtling towards a brave new world insofar it simply cannot import enough people from outside its borders to keep up with the relentless aging of its workforce. The paper asserts that for its part, America is not exactly in a great position - but its higher domestic birthrate means that, in the end, it will have the luxury of being more selective about who it lets into the country and that its consumer expenditures will be less concentrated on purchasing goods we commonly associate with the elderly.

From the Paper
"The hard truth of the matter is that the birthrates in most of the developed world have been plummeting for some time now - since at least the 1970s, really. As a result, countries in Scandinavia, Europe and in North America have been forced to look at their public policies and their immigration policies inasmuch as lower birthrates means an older population and increased reliance upon immigration as a means of combating labour shortages that invariably arise as fewer and fewer young people come along to perform those tasks. Over the next several pages, this essay will look at Canada's demographic make-up relative to the United States'..."

Tags:demographics, future, canada

Abstract
This paper explains that, as in other countries, due to increased birthrates in the mid twentieth century, combined with relatively low birthrates in modern society, Canada is experiencing population aging. The author points out that this demographic shift creates a situation in which potential problems regarding economic stability are created and in which the workforce does not have enough manpower to support the aged population. The paper suggests that increasing immigration rates and implementing social programs may assist in helping balance this situation.

From the Paper
"This Health Canada report proceeds to stress the complexity of aging population issue, as it concerns not only the well-being of today's older Canadians but also broader areas and sectors that affect the entire population, including health, labour markets and public finances. They stress the fact that all levels of government are needed to work together in establishing a defensive front to safeguard the economy. Health Canada provides a detailed list of the challenges that Canadian society will face in recent years and how to properly adapt to work with these changes."

Tags:health, baby boomers, fertility rates, pensions immigration

Abstract
Paper discusses Elizabeth Krause's work on Chinese immigrants in northern Italy (2005) in relation to Ellen Oxfeld (1993) study of Indian Hakka Chinese community in Toronto. Both are ethnographic but Oxfeld's is superior in terms of not deviating as Krause does to discuss birthrates and global migration flows; Krause's work is also Extremely autobiographical as student ventures does not help a knowledge of the Italian Chinese; reference to two theoretical papers; others.

From the Paper
Chinese Immigrants in Prata & a Hakka Chinese Community in Toronto. Introduction This paper examines two works on Chinese immigrants to Western societies using basic methods of ethnography in detail-specific attempts to explain the Chinese immigrant experience. One volume seems more concrete than the other as encouraged thought on why this might be so, what a researcher should aim to accomplish, or how one like to develop as a scholar. Elizabeth L. Krause's study, A Crisis of Births - Population Politics & Family Making in Italy is the result of fieldwork in the northern province of Tuscany's city of Prata north of Florence. (2005) The volume opens in a

Tags:krause, oxfeld, italy, cda hakka

Abstract
This paper explains that an increase in life expectancy and a drop in the fertility rate are imploding in most developed countries, creating lopsided societies with a large number of elderly and not enough young people working to support them. The author points out that this population implosion is affecting every program that requires public funds, such as health care, education, pensions, and military spending. The paper reports that, according to experts, the solution is immigration; however, increased immigration and higher birthrates among predominantly Muslim immigrant populations could result in additional ethnic tensions, as this issue bleeds into international relations.

From the Paper
"Due to prosperity and freedom, millions of women are staying in school longer, putting more emphasis on work and marrying later, resulting in a rapid birth rate decline in many countries. In Italy, women produce on average fewer than 1.2 children, the lowest figure every recorded among humans. It is projected that Italy will lose nearly a quarter of it s current population by 2050. When the Berlin Wall disappeared, it created economic uncertainties in that have frozen the birth rate from the Black Forest to Vladivostok."

Tags:expectancy, fertility, developed, funds, immigration

Abstract
The paper reveals that more and more Americans are giving birth, despite the prevalence of birth control. The paper looks at the factors that could change this dynamic, including Hispanics' lack of access to healthcare. The paper then discusses the new drugs on the market that combat the effects of menopause and allow a woman to bear children at a far older age than previously. The paper also considers how the American psyche is changing in that women no longer find it necessary to have a husband in order to begin planning a family.

From the Paper
"Family planning is becoming a more popular trend in the United States because of a variety of factors in society. First of all, birth control is more prevalent than it has ever been before, which is allowing for couples to have better control over when they conceive children. Also, an improved healthcare system is allowing for more and more babies to survive when they finally are born. Between 2002 and 2004, "the U.S. birth rate jumped 2 percent... to more than 4.1 million births -- the highest number since 1962 (except for a brief spike in 1990)" (BabyCenter editorial staff, 2005). This means that more and more Americans are giving birth, despite the prevalence of birth control."

Tags:birth, control, Hispanics, menopause, fertility, drugs

Abstract
The paper explains that there are those who argue that an immigration policy that embraces high levels of new immigrants each year is what the Canadian economy desperately needs - especially in light of the fact that the native-born birthrate is declining steadily and Canadian employers are finding themselves unable to fill critical positions because of a serious dearth of skilled employees. On the other hand, the paper shwos how others point out that many immigrants never find work in their vocation of choice and are forced into ill-paying jobs that are incongruous with their skills - thus raising the possibility that the less-fortunate among them will turn to welfare. Additionally, the paper looks at how those critics charge that Canada's present immigration policy has done little more than facilitate a "black market" or under-ground economy replete with illegal immigrants. This writer asserts that while he feels Canada's slumping domestic birthrate necessitates the need for large-scale immigration, he also feels that Canada's immigration policy should be less generous when it comes to family re-unification. The writer feels Canada should be doing more to attract skilled workers while downplaying humanitarian considerations. The paper concludes that Canada needs help - but the federal (and provincial) immigration system can only provide that help if it is substantially revamped.

From the Paper
"The matter of immigration (specifically, the matter of a generous immigration policy) has long been a contentious issue in Canada. On the one hand, there are those who argue that an immigration policy that embraces high levels of new immigrants each year is what the Canadian economy desperately needs - especially in light of the fact that the native-born birthrate is declining steadily and Canadian employers are finding themselves unable to fill critical positions because of a serious dearth of skilled employees. On the other hand, those who oppose a liberal..."

Tags:immigration, levels, canada

Abstract
The paper looks at Levitt and Dubner and their explanation for the steady drop in the crime rate since the early 1990s. The paper goes through and discusses how Levitt and Dubner discredit each and every one of the fashionable conceits used to explain the crime drop in America since the 1980s; as isa shown, they undeniably present a compelling case for their position. In any event, the paper discusses how the authors declare that lower crime rates came about because of abortion - or, rather, because of a much lower birthrate that left in place an older population disinclined to carry out criminal behaviour. As time allows, this writer argues that Levitt and Dubner are actually correct in their assessment.

From the Paper
"The next several pages aim to explore a text by Steven D. Levitt and by Stephen J. Dubner entitled, "Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything". In so doing, this essay will look at Levitt and Dubner and their explanation for the steady drop in the crime rate since the early 1990s. Of especial interest, this essay will go through and discuss how Levitt and Dubner discredit each and every one of the fashionable conceits used to explain the crime drop in America since the 1980s; as will be shown, they undeniably present a compelling case for their position. In any event, the authors declare that lower crime rates..."

Tags:freakonomics, abortion, crime