Abstract This paper examines bipolar depression, as the down phase of bipolar disorder. The paper looks at why bipolar depression it is often misdiagnosed as unipolar disorder, and is therefore treated with wrong medications. The paper contends that bipolar depression is more prevalent and dangerous than realized. The paper cites research that indicates that bipolar depression is the most lethal psychiatric disorder, with a high risk of suicide.
From the Paper "Bipolar depression is the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, which is also known as manic-depressive disorder -- a mood disorder which results in drastic mood swings ranging from manic phases to depressive ones. In the United States almost two million people..."
Abstract This paper discusses how bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive illness, affects about 1.2 percent of the US population. According to the paper, bipolar disorder is a brain ailment that may cause a swing in mood energy and functioning. In addition having bipolar disorder causes fluctuations in appetite, restlessness, irritability, speech, suicidal thoughts and decreased sexual arousal. Thepaper further discusses how there are two factors that distinguish bipolar disorder. Bipolar I disorder may be diagnosed with having periods of severe mania and depression. On the other hand, bipolar disorder II may be diagnosed with having periods of depression and hypomania, which maybe meeker than a full manic episode.
Abstract This paper examines the medical treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. The paper begins by raising concerns related to use of lithium for childhood bipolar. Next the paper lists symptoms of bipolar disorder. Then the paper studies the link between bipolar disorder and ADHD. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of family therapy in treating childhood bipolar.
From the Paper "This research paper presents the medical treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Special consideration is given for the concerns of medicating this group related to the drugs used and patient compliance..."
An examination of the phenomenon of Bipolar Disorder (manic depression) in children, focusing on how this affects children's social and behavioral development.
Abstract Bipolar disease in children, its prevalence, signs and symptoms, and treatment are discussed. No specific drugs are mentioned as the crux of the paper relates to the social development of these children. Specifically, the paper provides a quick definition of what is "normal" social development, the consequences of "abnormal" social development, and lastly what specific abnormalities or obstacles of social development affect children with bipolar disease.
From the Paper "Everyone can elicit some happy memory from childhood. For most individuals, an account of a favorite birthday party, camping trip, or other social event can be easily recollected. For some, this is an especially difficult challenge, and not because of an impaired memory or other cognitive deficit. They simply lack those memories; feelings of happiness, belonging to a peer group, or simply of having friends elude them. Bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depression) is a fairly well known illness that affects millions of adults worldwide and is now being diagnosed among children, some as young as 5 years old. Children with this condition are especially vulnerable, as it is during these years that their social development and interpersonal relationship skills are critically defined. Normal children do not have to consciously think about or make a coordinated effort to "make friends" usually; it is a process that seems to happen effortlessly. Bipolar children are not as fortunate, as the physical and psychological manifestations of the disease, coupled with the stigma that is usually attached to them, make healthy social development almost impossible. In response, the standard of care treatment of this disorder, at any age, is usually pharmacotherapy. But can this really help a lonely, depressed child, in their struggle to find a place in the world and be accepted?"
This paper analyzes and examines anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder, including treatments available and recommendations for improving the awareness of these disorders.
Abstract Anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder are two of the most devastating psychological illnesses. Providing a concise and detailed overview of the various types of anxiety disorders and the different stages of bipolar disorder, as well as a discussion of treatment options, the author argues that while improvements have been made to the treatment and understanding of these illnesses, further improvements are necessary, including the integration of drug therapy and psychotherapy.
From the Paper "Despite the increasing awareness, education, knowledge, treatment, and understanding of psychological disorders, there is still no clear-cut, quick fix, and uniform method available to diagnose and/or eliminate (or at least reduce) mental illnesses and psychological disorders. Anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder are two of the most common mental illnesses that prevent an individual from functioning normally. While most individuals may arguably prefer to remain ignorant of the existence of anxiety disorders and/or bipolar disorder, the fact is that more than 23 million individuals suffer from anxiety disorders (Harvard, 1) while more than 3 million individuals suffer from bipolar disorder (Hollandsworth)."
Abstract The paper discusses whether a bipolar world is safer than a multipolar world. It looks at the history of world systems and the development from a bipolar world, with the United States and the West on one side and Russia (and sometimes China) on the other, to the multipolar world of today. The paper analyzes the impact of a multipolar world and looks at the key issues today.
From the Paper "For all the concerns raised during the era of a bipolar world, with the United States and the West on one side and Russia (and sometimes China) on the other, the situation was safer than the currently developing multipolar world. For one thing, the two sides were more easily identified, and the West knew where its enemy could be found, and so knew whom to watch. In the current climate, as terrorism replaces state action, the many players are hard to follow and difficult to keep in sight at all times. Enemies are developing in unusual places and for reasons not always understood at the time."
Abstract This paper is an explanation of the condition known as bipolar disorder and how it can be treated medically. It looks at the different types of medication and their methods. This paper breaks down the pharmacological jargon and explains it to readers in simple terminology.
From the Paper ""Bipolar disorder, or manic-depressive disorder, is a mood disorder in which people experience alternating episodes of mania and major depression ("Bipolar"). " In the early 1900s, Emil Kraeplin, a German psychiatrist, was the first to formally recognize this condition he called manic depression ("Bipolar"). At that time treatment for mental illness was very poor. Fortunately, within the last twenty years, many effective medications for the treatment of bipolar disorder have become available. Bipolar disorder is caused by imbalances of chemicals, called neurotransmitters, in the brain. The imbalance is quite possibly a genetic defect. The key to effectively treating bipolar disorder (an incurable disorder) is reestablishing the normal balance of the brain's neurotransmitters (Rodgers). These new effective drugs are the most popular treatment to maintaining a "normal" life while affected by bipolar disorder. Medications like lithium carbonate, risperdone, fluoxetine, and alprazolam help treat bipolar disorder by altering the balance of one's neurotransmitters."
Abstract This paper discusses the definition, diagnosis and symptoms of bipolar I disorder. The author discusses three therapeutic treatment approaches: Pharmacological management, short-term psych-educational treatment and psychosocial intervention.
From the Paper "This research paper will present a case analysis of a client with Bipolar I disorder. The case is presented followed by the definition and diagnosis and symptoms and course of Bipolar I and three different therapeutic approaches."
Abstract The paper discusses bipolar disorder, which is a brain dysfunction marked by extreme changes in mood, energy, thinking and behavior. The paper discusses the onset of symptoms, medical diagnosis and car, age at onset, recurrence, sleep problems and additional behavioral syndromes.
From the Paper "Second, lack of professional training has resulted in under and misdiagnosis of bipolar youth. Unfortunately, professionals trained during or before the 1990s are likely to have little or no knowledge and training with this illness. Third, changes in diagnostic criteria have led to inaccurate estimates of manic depression. Fourth, developmental variations in symptoms seen across the lifespan and those that overlap with other childhood disorders make it challenging at best for diagnosis. Due to the complexity of co-occurring disorders and the stigma associated with the disease, many professionals are less likely to diagnosis childhood bipolar disorder and more apt to diagnosis comorbid disorders. Fifth, until most recent years, the availability of psychometrically sound assessment approaches and valid research on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions and medications have been limited. "
Abstract This paper describes bipolar disorder and its comorbidities. It also describes the emerging bipolar spectrum, which is a new way of looking at bipolar disorders. The paper also describes borderline personality disorder (BPD) and describes the arguments for and against its inclusion within the bipolar spectrum. It particularly describes the similarities between BPD and bipolar disorders.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Axis I Comorbidity
Axis II Comorbidity
Bipolar Spectrum and Temperament
Do Some Diagnoses Deserve a Bipolar Subgroup?
From the Paper "The understanding of bipolar disorders is in a state of flux. Traditionally, the disorder was defined as a period of severe manic and depressive episodes with periodic switches between these two poles and was referred to as manic- depression, and now bipolar disorder I. In the 1980's, it was recognized that there were clinical manifestations resembling manic-depression, however, the extremes in mania were not as severe (hypomania). This was termed bipolar II disorder. In situations where an individual experiences 2 or more years of the hypomanic symptoms with subthreshold periods of depressive symptoms a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder is made. These diagnoses are included in the DSM-IV."
Abstract This paper looks at four areas of bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression. First, it identifies what bipolar actually is. Next, it explores the different subcategories of bipolar: bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder. The paper focuses on treatment of the disorder, as well as how to cope if an individual or family member suffers from bipolar disorder.
From the Paper "Five years ago, my close friend Vanessa was diagnosed with a mental disorder. The illness, bipolar has wreaked havoc on the lives of Vanessa's friends, family and Vanessa herself. Even today, she continuously struggles to gain control of her illness. For centuries, people have dealt with mental disorders. These illnesses have affected their jobs, families, relationships and daily living. Afflicted individuals have been ousted by "normal" society due to ignorance. The purpose of this paper is to educate those "normal" people, by identifying and explaining bipolar, treatment, and ways to cope with this disorder."
Abstract The paper discusses bipolar disorder, a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. The paper examines how those who suffer from bipolar disorder may suffer from extreme mood swings, alternating between depression and mania, which differ from the normal ups and downs experienced by most people. The paper further discusses how there are two types of bipolar - bipolar I and bipolar II, affecting approximately one percent of the population. The paper discusses various treatment options and concludes that bipolar disorder can be treated by medications, even though there is some disagreement as to its cause.
From the Paper "Because bipolar disorder is an affective disorder, it is characterized by extreme moods. However, one of the important things required for a diagnosis is to rule out external causes for the mood. Therefore, in order to be diagnosed with a mood disorder, the change in mood cannot be "due to external medication, drugs, or treatment for depression." (Wikipedia, "Bipolar Disorder"). Once external factors have been excluded, doctors can make a definitive diagnosis of a mood disorder. This can be difficult because there is a high incidence of alcohol or drug abuse in those with bipolar disorder."
Abstract This paper begins by introducing the concept of manic depression. It then discusses the suspected causes of bipolar disorder and its symptoms. The symptoms include highs and lows, mood swings and hypomania. The paper then addresses the phenomena of bipolar adolescents and discusses thought errors in bipolar disorder. The paper also examines the various forms of bipolar, ways in which it is diagnosed and different types of treatment.
From the Paper "Bipolar Disorder generally sets in during adolescence or early adulthood though it may also occur late in one's life or during childhood. It results in terrible mood swings ranging from mania and euphoria to depression and suicidal tendencies. The earlier a person is diagnosed with bipolar disorder the better. Medication is available for bipolar disorder, which helps control the mood swings and even treats the condition. Diagnosis of bipolar disorders can be done only by specialized psychiatrists and is done according to the criteria established by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders."
Abstract This paper focuses primarily on bipolar disorder, but includes a general look at other associated disorders. The paper describes the classes of bipolar disorder, how to properly diagnose the disorder, characteristics of bipolar disorder, treatment for the illness, and the prognosis for someone with diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
From the Paper "Generally speaking, bipolar disorder can be understood somewhat through its history of being called manic-depression. Individuals who have bipolar disorder go through different periods of moods that are dictated by time. At one point, they may seem to be in a deep depression and exhibit most or all of the symptoms of depressive
disorder. Then, at another point, the same individual may exhibit none of these depressive symptoms, and seem to be overly elevated in their mood and behaviors, seeming overly euphoric or like they have an excess of energy that is quite a contrast to the low energy levels observed during the depressive episode. Because of this, there are
also some links between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but the two disorders should not be confused. "In bipolar disorder, episodes of minor to severe depression and episodes of hypomania or mania occur over a course of time."
