Abstract
This paper takes a look at the developmental changes that have occurred among homo sapiens in the last two millennia and how these changes have influenced human behavior. In order to understand these behavioral changes, this paper reviews the nature of human behavior and the occurrences leading up to, and influencing the change in human behavior.

Introduction
Nature of Human Behavior
Effects of Development on Human Behavior
Evolutionary Ecology's Contribution to Human Behavior
Bipedalism
Brain Size
Language Development
Current Behavioral Implications Modern Humans
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Human behavior is more complex and varied than behavior exhibited by other organisms, however the basic processes share between humans and non-humans is not much different (Barnes-Holmes, et. al, 2003). Darwin suggests that no fundamental difference exists between man's behavior and other higher mammals with respect to certain mental abilities, suggesting that a continuity of sorts exist between the two and hence comparisons can be made between humans and non-humans with respect to behavior.
Others including Skinner shy away from non human studies believing but do suggest that such studies are useful for "assessing what behaviors and traits are distinctly human vs. those that are not" (Skinner, 1969: 101). For purposes of this evolution primarily human behaviors and traits will be explored in relation to developmental patterns over time. Human behavior will be examined as a direct correlate to developmental changes that have occurred in human beings since the dawn of time. "

Tags:social, manipulation, Bipedalism, evolution, brain, growth, biological, physiological

Abstract
The paper looks to answer the following questions: Can apes or any other non-humans use symbols or language? How does our understanding of the relationship between mind and brain help us to investigate which fossil hominins first used language? What do we know of the brains of fossil hominins and the constraints on brain size increase? What is language "as we know it?"

From the Paper
"A symbol is considered to be something that "stands for something else" (Davidson & Noble 1993). Davidson and Noble also suggest a second criterion, that is, symbols as accepted by social custom or convention. A ring worn on a finger can symbolize marriage, (although the social convention varies within groups of people) and is an example containing both criteria. The second criterion cited above stems from Wittgenstien's "private language argument"."

Tags:acheulean, bipedal, brain, communicate, symbolic, syntactic

Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews Leonard Shlain's book, "Sex, Time and Power: How Women's Sexuality Shaped Human Evolution," which introduces the idea that women were the impetus of evolution some 150,000 years ago. the paper presents the content of the book and Shlain's arguments. The paper concludes with a brief personal review about the book.

Table of Contents:
A Thesis of the Book
Arguments of the Book
Published Reviews
My Own Review

From the Paper
"The work as a whole goes into great detail and at time reads too pundit such as the explanation at the beginning of the book about women's hormonal cycles but the work generally kept me interested. The parallels in theory were apparent in the book since Shlain's ideas were not original but merely a compilation of other theorists' work. This was disappointing since I was expecting to be introduced to a whole new concept of gender studies and biology. This book did not bring any new ideas of evolution but what it did accomplish was an extension of existing ideas manipulated to back up the timeline of evolution as it is presented in Sex, Time and Power. The book was well written and well researched but lacked for some part originality. This was the deterring factor in reading the book although Shlain presents many interesting points about evolution some where too far fetched to be believed (i.e. the iron and meat relationship of sex)."

Tags:biology, cycles, bipedalism