Abstract
This paper discusses the relevance of Earth science to a student that is studying business. A focus on green business practices is given and includes examples of large corporations that have spent billions on a green image. Global warming and environmental concerns are the main argument for these assertions as well. The paper provides a reference of internet options to investigate.

From the Paper
"Most business majors will groan and complain loudly when asked to ponder the sciences. Many would exclaim that they are in their course of study to avoid - in their minds - tedious and challenging science courses. In modern business, companies are moving toward interdisciplinary approaches to success. In order to stay competitive, new ideas are necessary for the ever-globalizing economy. It is not unusual to see the traditionally MBA-type positions with degrees from other fields, including the sciences. Conversely, for those in business management it is necessary to have a diverse view of issues including Earth sciences. With global warming,..."

Tags:earth, science, business

Abstract
An essay that describes market liberalism (otherwise known as libertarian economics) from the point of view of Al Gore. It is supposed to be part of an imaginary "new edition" of his extensive treatise on ecology and government, Earth in the Balance. It can also stand on its own as an opinion paper about environmental abuses by modern industry, and the worth of government regulation.

Tags:earth, in, balance

Abstract
This paper illustrates the many flaws that were involved in the 1992 Earth Summit in Brazil. The paper argues that, although the summit started with good intentions, it only stood to perpetuate globalization and allow transnational corporations to run roughshod over indigenous peoples.

From the Paper
"The Earth Summit of 1992 appeared to be a new beginning for the environmental movement. Many world leaders gathered in Rio de Janeiro to discuss the various effects of the human race on this planet and to offer solutions to pressing problems such as global warming, biodiversity, and poverty. The world has come a long way from that point; many blocks of sustainable development have come into being and various ideologies have developed, but few have become relevant to creating sustainability everywhere."

Tags:1992, earth, globalization, nafta, rio, summit, wto

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents reflection on an article by Carl Sagan about the place of the earth in the universe. The writer examines Carl Sagan's thoughts in 'Reflections on a Mote of Dust'.

From the Paper
"In 'Reflections on a Mote of Dust' Carl Sagan presents a metaphor in which he uses the relative insignificance of the earth within the cosmos to explain why human society and human action should be more compassionately and kindly structured. Sagan's metaphor is compelling for several reasons among which it challenges us to understand that if the planet on which we live is nothing more than a mote of dust as perceived from deep space each individual ..."

Tags:Carl Sagan, interpretation, Earth

Abstract
The writer asserts that the history of life goes back to nearly 4,000 million years, Earth was formed approximately 4,540 million years ago, planet Earth was formed after a collision that formed the moon an estimated 40 million years before and it is believed that the Moon and Earth cooled fast enough to form oceans and atmosphere. The writer believes that the Moon's atmosphere could not sustain itself as a biosphere, but the Earth was able to ("The Origin of Species According To The Fossil Records", n.d.; Broad and Schidlovsky, 1997, p. 31).

From the Paper
"The history of life goes back to nearly 4,000 million years. Earth was formed approximately 4,540 million years ago. Planet Earth was formed after a collision that formed the moon an estimated 40 million years before. It is believed that the Moon and Earth cooled fast enough to form oceans and atmosphere. The Moon' atmosphere could not sustain itself as a biosphere, but the Earth was able to ("The Origin of Species According To The Fossil Records", n.d.; Broad and Schidlovsky, 1997, p. 31). It is believed that even the simplest organisms could not have derived from non-living materials. The physiology of the simplest life forms is..."

Tags:living, fossils, extinction

From the Paper
"The term "greenhouse effect" refers to the global rise in the earth's temperature within the biosphere as a result of excess man-made gases. The gas which is causing the most damage is carbon dioxide. Under normal circumstances, carbon dioxide is important for sustaining life on the planet. In the process of photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere. This cycle is essential for the maintenance of human and animal life as well as plant life. However, in order for this process to be effective, there must be a balance between the amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen that exist in the air. The problem with the greenhouse effect today is that there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This excess gas is the result of pollutants which have been caused by the ..."

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the sustainability movement. Specifically, the paper discusses the definition of the sustainability movement, reviews examples of the movement and focuses on sustainability and natural resources. The paper reports that the sustainability movement is gaining ground in the United States and around the world. The paper goes on to discuss how, in order for the planet and her people to survive, the world's people must embrace the sustainability movement, for modern man is using up the Earth's resources at an alarming, and perhaps catastrophic rate.

Outline:
I. Introduction
a. Thesis Statement
II. Define Sustainability
a. Use national and International Definitions.
b. Also Define Sustainability and Natural Resources.
III. Describe the Sustainability Movement
a. Biodiversity
b. Ecology
c. Community
d. Commerce
e. Natural Resources
f. Biosphere
IV. Biodiversity
a. Describe how Biodiversity and Sustainability Support One
Another.
b. Use "biodiversity in food" to Show How Consumers can make a
Difference When They Buy Food.
V. Sustainability and Natural Resources
a. Describe how the natural world works in relationship to
sustainability.
b. Discuss the Overfishing of the Oceans.
c. Discuss Genetic Crops
d. Discuss the Natural World and the Effects of Global Warming.
e. Discuss Other Natural Resource Issues, such as Animals
Displaced by Global Warming and Other Issues.
f. Problems
g. Application of Elements.
VI. Education and Sustainability
a. Use Goodall Institute information to show how educating
children now can create future sustainability leaders.
VII. Create new sustainability project that has to do with natural
resources. (Create a local, accepted currency.)
a. Identify and Describe Project.
b. Explain how to pitch it to community, including businesses it
would affect.
c. Problems and Solutions.
VIII. Conclusion

From the Paper
"Creating the program relies on support from local businesses and banks, and thus, it would need to be "pitched" to local businesses and banks. The most difficult aspect of convincing others would be that the community currencies work, and help grow local businesses. Using models on the east coast as an example of successful programs should be an aspect of the pitch. For example, Ithaca, New York created "Ithaca Hours" which are worth $10 (the average hourly wage in Ithaca). The dollars became so popular that local credit union employees took part of their salaries in "Hours," and a newspaper grew to advertise participating businesses and offer low-cost ads for businesses who accepted the Hours. Many other communities have created their own currencies as well, and the models for these endeavors should be used to convince the local community that it can work and it can help the economy (Swann and Witt). "

Tags:Amazon, River, watershed, tropical, jungle, ecology, environment, biological, biosphere

Abstract
This paper discusses the expected changes in climate and the ensuing affects on world agriculture. The paper claims that it is critically important to research climatic change since it affects everything on earth: man, beast, fish, fowl and organism. It also explains how climatic changes will affect the water temperature and the quality of the air.

From the Paper
"Climatologists now have stated it is with the realm of "certain probability" that humans absolutely have induced global climatic disturbances resulting in a complete change in current conditions. Furthermore, the affect that has been projected for human health is one stated to be of a nature that is diverse, "unpredictable in magnitude" and slow in emerging. Specifically stated is that the "Adverse effects are likely to outweigh beneficial effect substantially" (McMichaels, et al eds., 2004) However the changes that may be witnessed sooner rather than later are those experienced from the affects of agricultural production difficulties and disasters and mass failure of crops due to unforeseen tragedy and destruction within the earth's biosphere. "

Tags:global, warming, biosphere

Abstract
The paper explains that before landing on the moon, scientists feared that the astronauts manning a space craft might die and that there was a possibility of lunar microbes causing an epidemic if they found their way into the earth's biosphere. The writer explains that despite this great risk, the Soviets and Americans continued the race to space. The paper suggests reasons for this race to have continued and the writer posits that the only reason for doing so was for one of these nations to prove the dominance of their way of life over the other country's way of life. The writer states that the United States won the race to the moon, and also dominance of the planet, and that the Soviet Union broke apart while America prospered. In conclusion, the writer questions whether the exploration of space will wane without competition and posits that it may become a mission not of fostering competition between nations, but inspiring cooperation.

From the Paper
"While the moon does not have anything to due with proving either of these ways of life superior to the other per se, the conquest of the moon was an important symbolic victory. There was a definite feeling that whoever managed to land on the moon first would prove to be the "superior" society. Astronaut Eugene Cernan clearly illustrates this anxiety to prove America's dominance of the Earth through space travel in his book The Last Man on the Moon. He starts his book recalling the occasion when he and two fellow astronauts were in the middle of testing a space craft when they were interrupted by an important phone call. Interruptions of these tests were rare since they were so difficult to set-up, so terminating the test must mean something very wrong had happened. One of the first thoughts Cernan remembers having when they were called out of their craft was "...maybe it was our worst nightmare come true, and the Russians were on their way to the Moon" (Cernan 5). That turned out not to be the case: in fact, the phone call was to inform them of the deaths of three other American astronauts in an electrical fire while testing another spacecraft. Cernan, of course, was devastated by the loss of his friends and colleagues, but nevertheless, he apparently viewed the idea of the Russians reaching the moon as his "worst nightmare." He writes that after the funerals, he worried that the American space program might be scrapped forever. "From this point on," he writes, "the dream of sending men into orbit and beyond would be viewed through the prism of the sacrifice demanded. It was a dangerous enterprise and we all now clearly understood what President Kennedy meant when he said our country had accepted this challenge not because it was easy, but because it was hard" (Cernan 13). Why, after such a tragedy, was Cernan's first fear that the Russians might beat the Americans to the moon? And why, after the funerals, did he and his fellow astronauts become even more determined to risk their lives for what was, for all practical purposes, a mostly symbolic victory? Risking so much to do something "because it was hard" really isn't a satisfactory answer."

Tags:apollo, II, moon, mars

Abstract
This paper discusses Garret Hardin's essay, "The Tragedy of the Commons," in which he discusses how people can use resources for their individual ends and often without restriction, resulting in the depletion and eventual elimination of these very resources. It discusses the effects of the depletion of resources on the natural environment.

From the Paper
"Climate change, being a problem of global scope demands a fundamental re-ordering of normal human priorities. The simple syllogism of individual freedom versus physical well-being must be put aside in favor of far larger and far more profound realizations. The continued existence of material and physical prosperity depends on the continued usability of resources. These resources will become partially or wholly unavailable for continued human use if they are destroyed by climate change. Individual nations must begin to see the big picture, to react to a far-ranging problem as if it is something that affects multiple aspects of human existence and multiple generations of women and men. An alternative way of looking at the problem of global warming would be for the causes themselves of climate change to be seen as common property. Emissions, for example, could be controlled through an emissions credit trading programming under which nations that pollute less than others could give their credits to countries that pollute more heavily (Stewart, and Wiener 2004). An allowable average of emissions could be set against which credits would be issued. Eventually as societies work toward tighter emissions controls these standards could be amended, thus furthering the goal of largely eliminating climate changing pollution."

Tags:global warming, biosphere Earth