A discussion of the types of pollution (oil spills, industry, dumping), the effects on oceans and land, legislation, chemical composition, management and clean-up, health effects, bioremediation and recycling.
4,500 words (approx. 18 pages), 21 sources, 1994, $ 135.95
From the Paper "Oil: A Hazardous Waste
In recent years, oil pollution has received widespread attention. The problem of environmental hydrocarbon contamination was probably most clearly defined in March, 1989, when the oil tanker, Exxon Valdez, ran aground in Prince William Sound. Since then, there have been numerous other spills, both on land and at sea. In an effort to quell the destruction, government has enacted several statutes designed to hold polluters accountable. These laws broadly affect various aspects of oil pollution: they regulate everything from supertankers to the disposal of used motor oil. Moreover, in areas already contaminated, the measures may call for remedial action. An array of remediation techniques exists which can be employed to rid a site of hydrocarbon pollution. In general, a process of..."
Abstract This paper examines the causes of pollution and what can be done to stop it, including some of the major sources of air and water pollution. A discussion of the solutions identified by governmental agencies and groups working to solve this increasing threat to our well-being is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "There are many causes for air and water pollution and scientists divide them into two general categories: direct and indirect contaminant sources. Direct sources of pollution include "effluent outfalls from factories, refineries, waste treatment plants etc.. that emit fluids of varying quality directly into urban water supplies. In the United States and other countries, these practices are regulated, although this doesn't mean that pollutants can't be found in these waters" (Rubin, 1999, p. 17). Indirect sources of pollution include contaminants that can enter the water supply from soils or ground- water systems and from the atmosphere by rain water. These soils and groundwaters contain the residue of human agricultural practices (fertilizers, pesticides, etc..) and improperly disposed of industrial wastes. Atmospheric contaminants are also derived from human practices (such as gaseous emissions from automobiles, factories and even bakeries) and these sources of pollution are then broadly classified into "organic, inorganic, radioactive and acid/base" (Rubin, 1999)."
Abstract This research provides an overview and review of the research concerning Native-American or other minorities to identify and understand the cultural differences that lead to environmental racism.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Importance
Scope
Rational
Definition of Terms
Overview
Chapter Two - Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Environmental Justice Research
The Campo Indian Landfill War: The Fight for Gold in California Garbage
Chapter Three - Methodology
Data Validity
Human Health and Social Effects
Analytical Methods
Treatment Technologies
Originality and Limitations
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis
Chapter 5 - Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper "Native American nations have become increasingly concerned about the adverse effects that toxic substances have on human health and the health of the environments on which these communities depend. Many tribal governments are now working to identify environmental contamination problems and their sources; establish and enforce environmental regulations and standards; and develop long-term environmental protection objectives and restoration plans that will promote balance and health in their communities and in their relationships with the natural environment. As the magnitude and complexity of environmental problems have increased, the scientific and technical competency of Native Americans has grown to the point where they now demand a meaningful role in risk assessment, remediation and restoration decisions."
