Abstract
The paper discusses sickle cell disease as a severely debilitating genetic disorder that has no real cure except for the risky bone marrow transplantation. The paper notes that pharmacological interventions are thus largely focused on symptomatic management and in reducing the discomfort and pain for the patient. The paper discusses the severe psychosocial issues associated with the disease and vocational rehabilitation management of the disease. The paper notes that providing proper counseling and supportive therapy is essential in order to improve the quality of life for the affected individual.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Sickle Cell Disease Etiology
Diagnosis
Pathophysiology
Treatment Methods
Hydroxyurea
Erythropoietin and Nitric Oxide
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Gene Therapy
Psychosocial Implications
Conclusion

From the Paper
"With the advancements in genetic science the search for a cure to sickle cell disease by way of gene therapy is ongoing. It has been many years since researchers cloned the beta globin gene and current research is focused on the locus control region and the use of adeno-associated viruses as vectors. Research is also focused on inserting the AAV into pluripotent stem cells so as to trigger the synthesis of healthy beta-globin naturally. However, there are still a lot of biomolecular mechanisms involved that need to be clearly understood before gene therapy can be offered as a solution for sickle cell disease. One important problem for example, is overcoming the immune response to the viral vector. "

Tags:vocational, rehabilitation, poor, self-esteem, biomolecular, mechanisms

Abstract
An examination of the Van der Waal equation of state in a Virial expansion and a look at how Polymers are being used today in every walk of life. This paper shows how polymers are well-defined aggregates of very simple organic molecules. It defines these matters and looks at their uses in biochemistry.

From the Paper
"From thermodynamics and the kinetic theory of gases, the Pressure of an ideal gas is described as sum of the transfer of collision energy of gas molecules on the walls of the container. The inter-atomic interactions depend upon the density of the system. Inter-particle interactions, primarily attractive forces, reduce the overall pressure of the system. This interaction is called internal pressure. By rewriting the Van der Waal equation of state in a Virial expansion, we obtain an equation for Pressure p: (Atkins, 1987)
p = RT/(Vm b) - a/Vm2
a/Vm2 is the internal pressure of the gas; a and b are constants for each gas and Vm is the molar volume of the gas, R is the Gas Constant."

Tags:DNA, biomolecular, helium, protein, energy, hydrogen, gas