Abstract
The following paper presents the argument that biometrics, while it undeniably has many strong points in its favour, it also has many question marks that need to be resolved. Chiefly, biometrics - as it is presently constituted - can be invasive and, once an individual's information in this area has been compromised, it can prove impossible to restore the credibility of that individual. With that in mind, this paper suggests that some kind of additional security clearance mechanism should be put in place so that, even if an intruder can access biometric data, he or she cannot then use someone else's data to access vital information with impunity. With that in mind, the following paper argues that something called the AIM approach, the Artificial Intronization Method, can offer effective encryption for biometric data that will cut down on the prevalence of security breaches. At the same time, some methodological changes by organizations - such as not concentrating all data in one location or database or frequently updating biometric data - can greatly reduce the risk of theft and spare individuals from the burden of losing permanent access to areas requiring biometric clearance. In the end, biometrics certainly has many problems, but it's future remains bright if only a few innovations are introduced.

From the Paper
What We Should Do in Order to Make Biometrics Really "Work" The following paper presents the argument that biometrics, while it undeniably has many strong points in its favour, it also has many question marks that need to be resolved. Chiefly, biometrics - as it is presently constituted - can be invasive and, once an individual's information in this area has been compromised, it can prove impossible to restore the credibility of that individual. With that in mind, this paper suggests that some kind of additional security clearance mechanism should be put in place so that, even if an intruder can access biometric data, he or she cannot then use someone else's data to access vital information with

Tags:biometrics, work, technology

Abstract
This paper addresses the legal issues of biometrics in health care. The paper begins by defining the science of biometrics. Next the paper discusses the multiple uses of biometrics technologies, and its applications in the health care field. The paper concludes with an exploration of the legal issues of privacy and identity theft associated with biometrics in health care.

From the Paper
"Biometrics is a science that focuses on the statistical analysis of physical and or behavioral traits that determine individual identity. Consequently biometric technologies have multiple uses..."

Tags:biometrics, health care, law

Abstract
This paper considers the use of biometrics in home security, noting that biometrics involves the use of computers and other hardware to identify people on the basis of physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, speech, facial recognition, retina scan, signature, and so on. The paper further discusses how biometric security systems can operate in different ways. In an identification mode, the system can identify a person from the entire enrolled population by means of a database search. In verification mode, the system can authenticate an individual? claimed identity.

From the Paper
"Biometrics involves the use of computers and other hardware to identify people on the basis of physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, speech, facial recognition, retina scan, signature, and so on. Biometric security systems can operate in different ways. In an identification mode, the system can identify a person from the entire enrolled population by means of a database search. In verification mode, the system can authenticate an individual's claimed identity. The advantages of such a system derive from the ability to offer a unique identification for each person: Only biometric authentication bases an identification on an intrinsic part of a human being. Tokens, such as smart cards, magnetic stripe cards, physical keys, and so forth, can be lost, stolen, duplicated, or left at home. Passwords can be forgotten, shared, or observed ("Biometrics and Security" para. 5)."

Tags:biometrics, home, security

Abstract
This paper examines how biometrics is emerging as a preferred security method and is no longer confined to science fiction. It looks at how biometrics offers many benefits over traditional security methods alone but has some areas of concern that need to be addressed before implementation throughout society on a wide scale. The paper discusses what biometrics is and how it works, as well as its legal implications.

Outline:
What is Biometrics
How does Biometrics Work
Advantages of Biometrics
Disadvantages of Biometrics
Legal Implications of Biometrics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Biometrics can have a significant legal role in modern healthcare. The health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) of 1996 required the department of health and human services to establish national standards for electronic healthcare transactions and national identifiers for providers, health plans, and employers (The United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2007). It also addressed the security and privacy of health data. The legal implication of this regulation on biometrics is primarily related to the security and privacy issues of health data. HIPAA requires that a series of administrative, technical and physical security procedures be created by healthcare organizations to assure the confidentiality of electronic health information (The United States Department of Health and Human Services). "

Tags:electronic, healthcare, privacy

Abstract
This paper examines how biometrics, or technologies of surveillance, operate to produce and regulate certain kinds of subjects. The paper discusses the forms of social power that are produced by gathering visual information. It also looks at what kinds of subjects are being produced by technologies of surveillance and to what ideals they are forced to conform.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Capability Exists
Foucault And Panopticism
Positive and Negative Impacts On Society
Current Direction Of Biometrics
Biometrics In Society Becoming Pervasive
Results Of Biometric Panopticism
Analysis and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The questioning of the use of this type technology has been applied diligently and there are many and various angles that the use of biometrics may be viewed from in the process of attempting to disseminate what the results of this use might mean to human beings in the future. Foucault took this view and ran with it but for one who reads Foucault, they should be warned that resulting from that reading will be a figurative splinter in the mind of the reader that will fester and produce swells of fear and flushes of embarrassment at the thought of being so completely unveiled before the world-at-large. Indeed, it is this observational trepidation, which effectively indicates, in this brief study how panopticism throughout society and in both public and private space and place would render the individual to nothing more than an amoeba under a microscopic lens completely exposed and completely controlled in fearful adherence to the 'status quo'. Naturally, the entity holding the largest share of power is the individual who is looking through the lens at the very powerless held captive within the all-seeing eye of technological panopticism."

Tags:facial recognition, security images recollection

Abstract
This paper discusses how biometrics or biometric recognition is the process of verifying the identity of a person by his or her physical characteristics or behavior. In particular, it examines how biometric authentication such as retinal scans and finger printing have been used with success in many non medical fields and how there are many success stories of implementation of biometrics into the medical field such as its use to access patient records.

From the Paper
"Biometric authentication has been used with success in many non medical fields. Disney has been using hand geometry readers to be sure that tickets are being used by the same customer every time (Balint, 2000). Fingerprint readers are an option for personal computers, and are used as a form of security for many computer networks (Balint, 2000). Law enforcement is invested in Biometrics. The United States Border Patrol requires a digital photograph and fingerprints from both index fingers before crossing into the country in an effort to prevent people on the watch list from entering (Busch, 2006). The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) can search millions of fingerprints to identify crime suspects (Busch, 2006). Medicine has used the information gained by these other fields as a basis for advancing its ability to protect patient information through biometrics. "

Tags:fingerprints, retinal, scan, records, security

Abstract
This paper examines the applications of biometrics, the technology utilizing the scanning and categorizing of physical characteristics for security purposes. It illustrates how this technology is being heralded as the utopia for security management in data networks. This critical analysis explores the ability of biometrics science to provide the next generation of secure networks.

From the Paper
"The article on biometrics by William Saito listed in Appendix A of this analysis examines some of the basic concepts involving the science of biometrics as a security technology as well as the merits of that technology to solve current security issues. Saito first submits that current use of passwords to protect data is no longer viable and that stronger methods of authentication such as biometrics is necessary evolution point for the Internet age that we are now in."

Tags:network, pki, scanning, data

From the Paper
"During the past decade, the science of biometrics has matured into an industry that offers real world solutions to serious problems faced by corporations, academia, and government agencies. The evolution of information technology and global competition has revolutionized the way transactions are completed. Traditional methods, such as pencil and paper, face-to-face meetings, or postal services, are being increasingly replaced by electronic transactions. The growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Compared to more antiquated but familiar and traditional identification methods (producing drivers license or showing a birth certificate), biometrics are the only tools that can enhance personal privacy, efficiency, and still deliver effective solutions in situations that require confirmation of identity. Clearly, the marketplace has begun to accept biometrics as a better alternative to less secure screening and identity verification processes."

Tags:biometrics, fingerprint, imaging

Abstract
The paper discusses the early uses of biometrics and identifies three uses of biometrics in today's technology-driven world. The paper then explains the common biometrics implementations used today, that include fingerprinting, handwriting, palm printing, facial recognition, iris or retinal scanning, voice recognition and the yet to be agreed on by experts, DNA recognition. Also looked at are emerging biometrics that could one day be the standard in this kind of technology.

From the Paper
"Biometrics has been a familiar technology to most people in today's Internetworked world. The technology has had many applications and it is still emerging with updated and upgraded applications. Even if a textbook definition is not presented on what biometrics is, one can surmised that its etymology comprised of two root word "biology" and "metrics." Hence, biology stands for a function of life while metrics aims at measuring something. Indeed, biometrics looks at measuring something "biological." The textbook definition of biometrics is a "general term used alternatively to describe a characteristic or a process. As a characteristic, a biometric is a measurable biological (anatomical and physiological) and behavioral characteristic that can be used for automated recognition."

Tags:fingerprints, handwriting, palm, printing, facial, voice, recognition, iris, retinal, scanning, DNA

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of biometric technologies to reduce risk and enhance security operations in law enforcement and other areas, including all online transactions.

From the Paper
"Biometrics is a science that focuses on the statistical analysis of physical and/or behavioral traits that determine individual identity. (Perrin) Consequently, biometric technologies have multiple uses, particularly with respect to verifying the identity of an individual based on the measurement and analysis of what are unique individual characteristics. As one analyst technology expert, Richard Perrin, put it; "Indeed, biometric techniques increasingly are being viewed as the preferred means to confirm an individual's identity, accurately and incontrovertibly, in real...""

Tags:biometric technology, security, public safety, terrorism, crime