Abstract
This work reviews the "retina biometric technological application" in relation to the practical use of this application as well as the drawbacks, failures and successes that have been experienced with this technological security application. The paper explains that retinal scanning has been called the most precise biometric technology available today. The paper describes the positive and negative effects of using retinal scanning for security purposes. The author describes how it is possible that retinal scanning could be abused in future applications, creating a real invasion of privacy.

From the Paper
"In the high-tech world of today, security systems are prevalent in both the public eye and in the view of the individual who seeks to protect their property and family. The equipment utilized is stated to be "electronic, optical and acoustic security, detection, monitoring and surveillance systems" (Market Research Report, Business Communications Co. 2002) Further, all of these technological advances in security are used for the purpose of protecting" persons, organizations and companies, commercial and social operations, civil and military installations both at national and international levels....[ranging from] "the personalized security systems of a home to large-scale systems for the protection of crucial national installations." Included in these systems are closed-circuit television cameras which comprise the omnipresent all-seeing eyes throughout the cities and in railway and subway stations. The constant recording and transmission of these hidden cameras informs law enforcement and security personnel of any impending threats."

Tags:biometric, reader, security, privacy, retina

Abstract
This paper describes and discusses biometric identification. The term is defined and forms of biometric identification are presented including voice printing, finger and hand printing and retinal scanning among other technologies. The paper concludes by citing current and future applications.

From the Paper
"The following presents the topic of biometric identification. The term is defined and forms of biometric identification are presented. Current and future applications are also noted. Biometric identification is a system that includes technologies that assist with the identification of people. These methods measure or assess the unique physical or human characteristics of the person. For example the use of finger prints allows for the identification of an individual however other characteristics such as facial patterns, the eye iris or retina, hand measurements and behaviors..."

Tags:technologies, biometric, finger printing, retinal scanning

Abstract
This paper argues that biometric technologies and other IT systems have enormous potential to invade privacy rights. The author explores the purpose of biometric technology to authenticate identity. The paper relates misuse of information.

From the Paper
"The aftermath of September the terrorist attacks has left Americans asking several key questions how safe are we and how can we prevent such an atrocity from occurring again. The area of new information technologies IT that is being used to enhance security is Biometric technology, which measures and analyzes the human body characteristics to authenticate identity. The most pervasive biometric technology now in use is fingerprint scanning and other traits detected with biometric solutions include hand geometry, eye pattern, iris or retina, facial and ...."

Tags:information technology, biometrics, privacy

Abstract
There are many types of biometric technologies in use today, each utilizing different physiological and/or behavioral characteristics to verify or identify an individual's identity. Each one has its own pros and cons. This paper explains that fingerprinting biometrics, or finger scans, are one of the most popular and is investigated in detail, as well as the current technological advancements and the organizations that are currently using biometric applications to enhance their security. The paper also looks at the future of biometric technology systems.
Introduction
History of Biometric Technology
Overview of Biometric Technology
Types of Biometric Technology
Bertillonage
Fingerprinting
Hand Geometry
Comparison of Biometric Systems
Table 1
Why Biometric Technology Has Taken so Long to Become Popular
Biometrics in Canada
The Newest Biometric Advancements
Current Applications of Biometric Technology
The Pros and Cons of Fingerprinting Biometrics
The Future of Biometrics in General

From the Paper
"The science and technology surrounding the techniques used to identify individuals, based on measuring the individual's physiological or behavioral features, is known as biometrics. The term, biometrics, is based on two Greek words. "Bios" means life. And, "metron" means degree. The most typical biometric technologies involve analyzing human physiological characteristics including: fingerprints, eye retinas, irises, voice recognition, facial patterns, and hand measurements. It can also include behavioral characteristics, which include: signature recognition, gait recognition, speech recognition, and typing pattern recognition ("Biometric")."

Tags:Hand, Geometry, Fingerprinting, Bertillonage

Abstract
The paper examines trends in Southern California in relation to biometric payments and looks at the current and future trends in this industry. The paper also explores sociological factors that may affect this business. The paper is of the opinion that the biometric market in Southern California is prime for exploitation in all areas of business and commerce. The paper discusses how the costs for implementation of this type of authentication system are relatively cheap with high rewards claimed.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
How Biometric Identifiers Work
Different Forms of Biometrics in Use
Merchant Benefits in Biometrics
Southern California Supermarkets Use of Biometrics
Merchant Advantages
Customer Advantages
Biometric Market
Other Factors Affecting the Biometric Market
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The way that the biometric identifier works is simple: the customer places their finger on a scanner and a picture of the fingerprint it taken. The software then converts the fingerprint "into a map of minutiae points" (Hospitality Upgrade Magazine, 2000) and then is stored for reference. When making a purchase "the user holds a finger to the scanner, and the computer matches the stored print-map to the fingerprint. Only the minutiae points are stored in the image, not the actual fingerprint." (Hospitality Upgrade Magazine, 2000)"

Tags:scanner, personal, information, authentication, system, security

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that biometric devices such as fingerprint identification gadgets have only recently been applied to the motor industry. The writer points out that biometric technology developed beyond fingerprinting during the 1960s and 1970s, with the implementation of military biometric authentication procedures. The writer also notes that, controversially, biometric technology has also become part of the security measures put in place after 9/11. At airports, for example, biometric identification has been used to increase safety and security during flights. The writer discusses fingerprint biometric technology concentrating on the use of a fingerprint device within the motor industry. The writer concludes that with thorough research, fingerprinting devices for cars and other vehicles can join the existing pool of available devices in order to maintain the car owner's peace of mind and general security.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Background and Introduction
Main Conclusions
Recommendations

From the Paper
"Because of its groundbreaking technology and the fact that it makes car theft more difficult than ordinary immobilizing devices, biometric fingerprinting devices for immobilizing and car door locking holds particular advantages over other anti-theft devices. The main advantage is that thieves who steal the car keys cannot either unlock or start vehicles with such devices. This is also useful for other vehicles such as trucks that hold valuable cargo. Of course there is the possibility of cutting off fingers, but the availability of easier targets of car theft can make this fairly unlikely.
"Generally, the use of fingerprinting in developing anti-theft devices for cars appears to have a very bright future. As the technology develops, the use of car keys could be entirely eliminated in the future."

Tags:cars, security, protection, identification

Abstract
This paper looks at whether and how biometric technology can aid security issues. The author discusses the application of biometric systems and negative consequences of implementing a biometric security system. The writer concludes that although biometrics will no doubt improve security systems, their implementation raises some concerns regarding the privacy of individuals.

From the Paper
"In a world with no threat of fraud, burglary and terrorism, there would be no need of security measures to be taken and complex security systems to be installed. This world can become a better place to live without arms, ammunitions and various other destructive weaponries developed by several nations for their "security". However, it is very unfortunate to note that in the real world there are numerous frauds, burglaries and several other criminal activities everyday. With the development of technology especially in the areas of computer science and information technology, several new tools and systems are developed by organizations so that they can improve their security systems. The current security challenges have forced the authorities to adopt aggressive tactics to increase security. With a rise in the security concerns and threats to individuals as well as organizations, several technological developments are made in order to ensure security."

Tags:authentication, fingerprint

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents evidence that information collected by biometric companies does not threaten the public's privacy. The writer argues that the information gathered is not a threat to public privacy concerns and in fact can be useful for several reasons. The writer maintains that the ability to identify people using biometric information has recently come under fire by opponents who believe that gathering information is an invasion of people's property. The writer insists that while there are some seemingly valid arguments for erring on the side of privacy the actual technology and use of the information is not a constitutional breach of privacy nor should it be considered a violation of privacy.

Outline:
Introduction
What It Is
What Types of Information Qualifies for Biometric Identification
History
Opposition
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Today's technology allows for the gathering of information including fingerprints, DNA, voice recognition and other elements of each person that are not easily replicated by any other. In some cases, such as the case of DNA strands, the match between two people is sometimes estimated to be one in 100 million or more. While some people believe that the gathering of biometric information is an invasion of privacy they are already submitting to it perhaps without realizing that is what is happening. Many banks currently use fingerprints and scanners to provide identification as to whether or not to allow a person to withdraw money from the bank."

Tags:public, security, protection, identification

Abstract
The paper relates that biometrics is a growing technology that allows identification of an individual based on their physiology or behavior. The paper explains that it gained national prominence after the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and is being used at airports worldwide as a means of preventing further crimes from occurring in or around our skyways. The paper asserts that although the technology is not inexpensive, if it can prevent another catastrophic attack or horrendous crime then the cost of biometric identification technology is truly priceless.

From the Paper
"Biometrics is a growing technology that allows identification of an individual based on their physiology or behavior (Blackburn & Turner, 2002, p. 140). It gained national prominence after the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, and is being used at airports..."

Tags:biometrics, technology, identification

Abstract
In this article, the writer considers the anatomy of the eye. The writer discusses how iris scanning works and looks at its application at airport security.

From the Paper
"The iris is the colored ring that surrounds the pupil. The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye and it has details that can be measured including striations pits and furrows in this regard it is similar to a fingerprint. Each iris is unique to the point that an individual's left and right irises are different from one another. The amount of differentiation in an iris is greater than that of fingerprints and ..."

Tags:iris technology, biometrics, airport security