Abstract
This presents an overview of Galileo's birth, family life, upbringing education and cause of death. The author points out the countries in which he lived and worked. The paper examples of Galileo's contributions and most important works.

From the Paper
"According to Al Van Helden online, Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy, on February ..., the first of six children. While his family belonged to the nobility, it was not rich as his father was a musician. Once he was old enough to be educated in a monastery, his parents sent him to the Camaldolese Monastery at Vallombrosa. The Camaldolese Order combined the solitary life of the hermit with the strict life of the monk. Galileo enjoyed his time at the monastery and he became a ..."

Tags:Galileop, Copernius, the Inqusition, heresy, astronomy, telescope, life and times, Catholic church, biography of Galileo

Abstract
This paper explains why Galileo Galilei, one of the most well-known astronomers and mathematicians, was one of the most controversial people of his time.

From the Paper
" In the years to follow Galileo contributed much to the mathematic and scientific field. In 1609, Galileo was able to observe a Dutch mans invention, which Galileo would much be remembered for. This was the first telescope. Using his great technical and mathematical skill Galileo improved the telescope greatly. He also began to look at the sky with it. He wrote down his observations in a book he called Message From the Stars. Galileo also did much on free fall and even published some books on the subject. In his later years Galileo studied motion and strength of objects. He wrote a book on this called Discoveries on Two New Sciences. The book had to be smuggled out of Italy because at this time Galileo was forbid by law to publish any more books. "

Tags:biography, galilei, astronomer, telescope, astronomy, Copernicus, mathematician

Abstract
The paper discusses how this study has brought forth the humanistic ideology of Bertolt Brecht to apply to the way and manner in which Galileo has falsely been represented in history. The paper looks at how Brecht redefines Galileo as a human being with fallible human traits; he is unable to become a martyr for the cause of science and he is also a businessman that is not wholly responsible for the ideas that he "historically" made famous through his astronomical observations.

From the Paper
"This study will analyze the humanist ideology of Bertolt Brecht and his evaluation of the historical Galileo in his play, "The Life of Galileo". The humanism that Brecht defines in the play depicts Galileo as a person that is opportunistic, cunning, yet without having a real grasp on the way that his scientific ideas will affect humanity on the whole. In this capacity, Brecht sought to make Galileo into a mortal and fallible man, straying from the more outwardly polished historical interpretations that represent the scientist as something of an icon. Although Galileo's discoveries..."

Tags:brecht, science, theater

Abstract
This paper examines how in his play, "Life of Galileo", Bertolt Brecht describes the ordeal the famous scientist was forced to undergo as he juggled his personal values and views against those of the mainstream society in which he lived. The paper provides a scene-by-scene examination of Brecht's original play to identify these religious and scientific conflicts, as well as Brecht's treatment of the scientist's response to these conditions.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Scene I. Here Galileo introduces his concept of a new age of enlightened learning, where even "fishwives" will enthusiastically attend school and study advanced topics such as astronomy. Galileo states he first became aware that the Old Guard's days were numbered came when, as a young man in Siena, he watched "a group of building workers argue for five minutes, then abandon a thousand-year old method of shifting granite blocks in favour of a new and more efficient arrangement of the ropes. Then and there I knew, the old days are over and this is a new time" (7)."

Tags:telescope, Middle, Ages, Renaissance

Abstract
This paper presents a brief biography of the dancer, Isadora Duncan, as well as a description of her philosophy of the dance form. The paper also discusses her influence on and contribution to modern dance.

From the Paper
"Duncan's personal success as a dancer should not diminish what is perhaps her greater contribution, her success as a teacher and a creator of her own tradition. She began her first school in Grunewald, Germany in 1904, selecting children from the poorer classes and providing completely for all their physical and materials need from her own pocket. Later, she established schools in both Russia and Paris. Interestingly enough, these schools are proudly proclaimed as providing an unbroken legacy of tradition with their founders. "The existence of Isadora's dances lies in the transmission of the choreographies from one dancer to another in an unbroken line of generations of Duncan dancers," writes Lori Belivoe in the periodical and press release of the foundation that bears Isadora's name. (Belivoe, Isadora Duncan Foundation for Contemporary Dance, "Isadora Duncan Legacy and Schools") Duncan's indefinable, inexact balance between classicism and personal, inner artistic poetic expression manifested in dance thus became a "tradition" in and of itself."

Tags:barefoot, grecian, gown, strangled, spokes, vehicle, classical, movement, calliope

Abstract
This biography includes details of childhood, family life, professional life, personal life and drug addictions, successes and failures, criticisms, and connections between his personal life and his works, namely how his characters were inspired by his family members. Also included are quotes from Williams himself.

From the Paper
"Some authors, throughout their lifetimes, continue to produce good novels and publications until their death. Tennessee Williams, however, wrote a few good plays, including The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire. After 1962, Williams wrote very little that earned him money or respect. Although critics were nearly unanimous in later years with negative criticism, Williams was still considered to be a great American writer. His career could be justified by analyzing his family background and the "emotional currents" in his life, as well as the events in his life that led to such unsuccessful writing ("Williams, Tennessee" DISCovering Biography)."

Tags:desire, glass, menagerie, named, play, streetcar

Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Absolut : Biography of a Bottle" by Carl Hamilton and discusses the story of how Absolut Vodka emerged as an unknown product and with a unique marketing strategy managed to conquer the United States market.

From the Paper
"The first step in the story is the proposal Gunnar Broman, head of Sweden's top advertising agency, made to New York executives in 1978. At this time the belief was that all good vodka came from Russia. In reality, vodka had been being produced in Sweden for centuries, but the cultural belief in America was that vodka came from Russia."

Tags:sweden, russia, broman, alcohol, advertisements

Abstract
Biography of the World War II Japanese leader. Japan's need for expansion. Political rather than military decisions by Tojo. Tojo's empire building. Internal turmoil in Japan. Roles of industrialists and the military. Tojo's rise to power. East-West Axis with Germany. Pearl Harbor. World War II. Tojo's resignation, he arrest and death for war crimes.

From the Paper
"Hideki Tojo


To most students of World War II, especially those who read the Allied propaganda publications and see some of the anti-Japanese movies made in the Nineteen Forties, Tojo is Japanese War Criminal Number One -- always seen somehow leering with buck teeth. The basic biographical facts are these: Born in Tokyo In December 1884. Coming from a family long identified with the army, he graduated at the military college and forthwith entered upon a martial career. He passed through the army staff college in 1915 and four years later went to Germany as military attache at the embassy in Berlin (Enc. Americana, 1956, p. 669). As Japan was about to enter the war, in 1941, Tojo was chief of the war ministry under the then premier, Prince Konoye, and, upon the latter s resignation, became premier. Both Japan and Tojo were far more complicated..."

Abstract
This paper contends that the biographical aspects of an artist provides one of the most important dimensions in the history and study of art and allows one to trace the stylistic development within an artist's overall career. The paper discusses two specific artists who are generally viewed as masters of their craft, Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, both of whom greatly influenced the artistic world in which they lived and continue to do so in the present time.

From the Paper
"Early in life, doubt and dissatisfaction with contemporary artistic formulas enabled Picasso to discover that a search for beauty according to the standards in which he had been brought up was not the aim he wished to pursue. The brilliance of his talent in his youth and the ease with which he absorbed the work of other great contemporary artists could have tempted him to become satisfied with the success that came to him at last after years of poverty in Barcelona and Paris, but the strength of his powers of expression, coupled with an unusual degree of courage, brought a crisis which forced him to abandon the easy road to fame and plunge perilously into new forms of artistic creation."

Tags:contemporary, talent, painting

Abstract
The following paper examines Frances Payne Bolton's life as a youngster and a young adult and the factors which led her to the nursing career she made such a difference in. The writer describes the improvements that Bolton made as well as the positions that she held during her illustrious life.

From the Paper
"The field of nursing has seen some major changes over the years. Before the era of WWII nurses were viewed with about the same level of expertise as a candy striper. Nurses were dispensing meds and cleaning out bedpans but their skills and intelligence were not really utilized on the job. Because of the inability to expand their job or the expectations of their job the filed stagnated for many years. Then Frances Payne Bolton entered the scene. France Payne Bolton was a nurse who took the bull by the horns and brought about changes that would revolutionize the nursing industry".

Tags:lifetime, achievements, accomplishments, health, care, industry, childhood, experience, banker, retailer