Abstract
The paper provides a biography of Abe Lincoln, the times from which he came and how that influenced his fight, his ideas and the influence they had. The paper offers a discussion of the legal changes that resulted from his efforts and the changes to society as a whole that resulted. The paper includes a short analysis of this writer's thoughts on the changes and challenges that followed and includes a legal analysis of the 13th and 14th amendments.

From the Paper
"Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, on Nolin Creek in Kentucky. His father, Thomas Lincoln, was a poverty-stricken farmer, and his mother Nancy died while Abe was a child. Lincoln spent his childhood learning how ensconced in toiling farmwork, like many of his fellow countrymen at the time. Later on during his Presidential campaign, he and his supporters would exploit this rustic upbringing to show his authenticity and tenacity. Indeed, his birth in Kentucky makes him the first President to be born outside of the original 13 colonies. The family traveled around what was then pioneer areas, in Indiana, Missouri and Illinois. Left with two children to support, Thomas Lincoln remarried Sarah Bush."

Tags:lincoln, biography, civil war

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that for all of the minor problems that this biography contains, however, Rutt's biography of James Scarth Gale makes for interesting reading. The writer discusses that it is a good resource for anyone who might be interested in studying the work of missionaries to Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This report gives a brief summary and commentary on Richard Rutt's book.

From the Paper
"Nearly the first one hundred pages of Richard Rutt's lengthy book is devoted to the biography of James Scarth Gale. At least twice as much could have been used on that topic and it would have remained interesting. Gale was an indefatigable and humble missionary, who never stopped working but rarely acknowledged the import of his work. Rutt does a good, if uneven, job at conveying just who James Scarth Gale really was. Gale was a Canadian-born Scot, born in 1863 to a Scottish father, John, who immigrated to Canada in 1832. His father married James' mother in 1848. James Gale's mother, Miami Bradt Gale, was an American Dutch ..."

Tags:missionary, gale

Abstract
Jazz is the dynamic tension between the expected and the improvised. Miles Davis was brought up torn between his well-to-do white-emulating upbringing and his black heritage. Davis not only bridged this gap but helped create entire new musical vocabularies throughout his long and varied career as a jazz trumpeter. This report shows his evolution and his continuing influence on other musicians, as described in his biography, "Miles Davis: A Biography," written by Ian Carr.

Paper Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Childhood
Further Development
Evolution, Addiction, & Resurrection
His Influence on Music Today
Concluding Remarks
References

From the Paper
"He worked with and was a catalyst for Tony Williams, Jack DeJohnette, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea, Wayne Shorter, Ron Carter, and countless others(p234). Many times in his career it had been declared that he already "peaked" and was a remnant of the 50's, of bebop, of cool jazz, of fusion jazz. But he never let himself grow complacent and become an icon of the past. By not producing unless he had something new to say, he was able to continually stay relevant, and re-invent himself every few years (p183). "

Tags:African, American, blues, musician, bebop

Abstract
This paper discusses "George Washington: A Biography" by John R. Alden, in which he not only focuses on Washington's success as an outstanding general, but also tries to show his readers Washington's personality, his nationalist character, lifestyle and experiences. The paper shows how, in his book, Alden gives his readers a variety of perspectives of the American Revolutionary War and how the victory related to Washington and his way of managing his troops.

From the Paper
"Alden thinks that Washington had grown enormously in stature during the Revolutionary War. He calls Washington "a man of unquestioned integrity" and a man who quickly learned to trust his own judgment. Alden also gives and example of the relationship between the Congress and Washington himself by indicating that Washington sometimes railed at Congress for its failure to supply troops and for the bungling fiscal measures that frustrated his efforts to secure adequate material. At the same time, though, Alden describes that Washington's relations with Congress and with the state governments "exemplary" during the Revolutionary War, which was strongly related to his ability to deal with the civil authority."

Tags:military, president, virginia

Abstract
This paper presents a brief biography of the dancer, Isadora Duncan, as well as a description of her philosophy of the dance form. The paper also discusses her influence on and contribution to modern dance.

From the Paper
"Duncan's personal success as a dancer should not diminish what is perhaps her greater contribution, her success as a teacher and a creator of her own tradition. She began her first school in Grunewald, Germany in 1904, selecting children from the poorer classes and providing completely for all their physical and materials need from her own pocket. Later, she established schools in both Russia and Paris. Interestingly enough, these schools are proudly proclaimed as providing an unbroken legacy of tradition with their founders. "The existence of Isadora's dances lies in the transmission of the choreographies from one dancer to another in an unbroken line of generations of Duncan dancers," writes Lori Belivoe in the periodical and press release of the foundation that bears Isadora's name. (Belivoe, Isadora Duncan Foundation for Contemporary Dance, "Isadora Duncan Legacy and Schools") Duncan's indefinable, inexact balance between classicism and personal, inner artistic poetic expression manifested in dance thus became a "tradition" in and of itself."

Tags:barefoot, grecian, gown, strangled, spokes, vehicle, classical, movement, calliope

Abstract
This biography includes details of childhood, family life, professional life, personal life and drug addictions, successes and failures, criticisms, and connections between his personal life and his works, namely how his characters were inspired by his family members. Also included are quotes from Williams himself.

From the Paper
"Some authors, throughout their lifetimes, continue to produce good novels and publications until their death. Tennessee Williams, however, wrote a few good plays, including The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire. After 1962, Williams wrote very little that earned him money or respect. Although critics were nearly unanimous in later years with negative criticism, Williams was still considered to be a great American writer. His career could be justified by analyzing his family background and the "emotional currents" in his life, as well as the events in his life that led to such unsuccessful writing ("Williams, Tennessee" DISCovering Biography)."

Tags:desire, glass, menagerie, named, play, streetcar

Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Absolut : Biography of a Bottle" by Carl Hamilton and discusses the story of how Absolut Vodka emerged as an unknown product and with a unique marketing strategy managed to conquer the United States market.

From the Paper
"The first step in the story is the proposal Gunnar Broman, head of Sweden's top advertising agency, made to New York executives in 1978. At this time the belief was that all good vodka came from Russia. In reality, vodka had been being produced in Sweden for centuries, but the cultural belief in America was that vodka came from Russia."

Tags:sweden, russia, broman, alcohol, advertisements

Abstract
Biography of the World War II Japanese leader. Japan's need for expansion. Political rather than military decisions by Tojo. Tojo's empire building. Internal turmoil in Japan. Roles of industrialists and the military. Tojo's rise to power. East-West Axis with Germany. Pearl Harbor. World War II. Tojo's resignation, he arrest and death for war crimes.

From the Paper
"Hideki Tojo


To most students of World War II, especially those who read the Allied propaganda publications and see some of the anti-Japanese movies made in the Nineteen Forties, Tojo is Japanese War Criminal Number One -- always seen somehow leering with buck teeth. The basic biographical facts are these: Born in Tokyo In December 1884. Coming from a family long identified with the army, he graduated at the military college and forthwith entered upon a martial career. He passed through the army staff college in 1915 and four years later went to Germany as military attache at the embassy in Berlin (Enc. Americana, 1956, p. 669). As Japan was about to enter the war, in 1941, Tojo was chief of the war ministry under the then premier, Prince Konoye, and, upon the latter s resignation, became premier. Both Japan and Tojo were far more complicated..."

Abstract
This essay is a detailed biography of the American novelist, Bernard Malamud. It describes some of his most famous works and the themes behind them. The essay speaks about Malamud's hard childhood and upbringing in Brooklyn, New York. It describes his family and how they are portrayed in his novels.

From the Paper
"Bernard Malamud was an American novelist and short-story writer. Born to poor parents in Brooklyn, New York he was educated at the City College of New York and the infamous Columbia University. Making something of himself, from 1961 he taught at the Bennington College. A Jew, Malamud has touched upon them in every novel and short story in great detail. Although his first novel, The Natural released in 1952 is a fantasy about a star baseball player, most of Malamud's writing as in his second novel, The Assistant written in 1957 is concerned with Jewish themes and reflects the sad, impoverished Brooklyn scenes of his childhood. The Fixer (1966), for which Malamud received a Pulitzer Prize, is a poignant novel (based on a true story) of the suffering of a Russian Jewish workman sentenced unjustly to prison. "

Tags:Bernard, Malamud, America, novelist, Jew, Brooklyn, NY

Abstract
The paper relates that Vlade Divac was born on February 3, 1968 in Prijepolje, Yugoslavia and has attained worldwide fame as an NBA and Olympics basketball player. The paper discusses how his professional career began in Yugoslavia's capital when he played center on the Partizan Belgrade team, and his talent and aggressive playing style impressed NBA scouts so he was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in 1989, where he played for seven years until being traded to the Charlotte Hornets. The paper relates that from 1998 until 2004, he played for the Sacramento Kings, and then returned to the Lakers the following year.

From the Paper
"Vlade Divac was born on February 3, 1968 in Prijepolje, Yugoslavia and has attained worldwide fame as an NBA and Olympics basketball player. His professional career began in Yugoslavia's capital when he played center on the Partizan Belgrade team. His talent and aggressive playing style impressed NBA scouts and he was drafted by the Los Angeles Lakers in 1989, where he played for seven years until being traded to the Charlotte Hornets. From 1998 until 2004, he played for the Sacramento Kings, and then returned to the Lakers the following year."

Tags:vlade, divac, biography