Abstract
This paper examines Sima Qian's historical accounts of the biographies of Lin Bo and Lin Xiang-ru, referring to biographical information to impart allegorical and moral understanding. The paper describes the story and how a strongly Chinese theme is present of, amid chaos, the ruler or reputable man responding in good faith and in principle.

From the Paper
"Biographies of Lian Bo and Lin Xiang-ru", Historical Records (Shi-ji) - and Confucian Ideals of Conduct and Exchange. The source to which this paper refers exemplifies the use made of biographical histories in presenting allegorical and moral examples. Sima Qian opens by explaining that Lian Bo was the ruler of Zhao's finest general, and his quandary when the ruler of Qin wrote to say that he had heard of Zhao's jade disk of Bian He of Chu, a bi thought to be very powerful or otherwise auspicious. In 283 BC, the Qin rule very much wanted it and offered an exchange of fifteen walled cities."

Tags:history, simaqian, hejadedisk

Abstract
The paper discusses the characteristics that can be discerned in various biographies about people from different fields and different times in history. The paper looks at how biographers find ways of making an individual's area of expertise understandable to the reader so the achievement of the subject can be measured. The paper also shows how biographers find ways to link the life of the individual to the society that produced them as well as to how their field advanced because of the tenor of the times.

Outline:
Introduction
Science and Technology
Other Disciplines
Biographical Section
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Historians writing about figures in science and technology have the particular requirement of explaining the necessary scientific concepts so the lay reader will understand the scientific concepts involved and place them in the continuum of discoveries in the given field. Rosenberg (1996) notes some of this element when discussing the growing interest in science in America and suggests certain aspects of biography in the sciences. He also considers some of the proper uses of biography in learning about any subject, considering the nature of the individual life and what it might say about the larger subject in which it occurs. This discussion comes as part of Rosenberg's consideration of the scientist as actor in the larger drama of science, meaning the context in which the scientist develops his or her ideas."

Tags:expertise, achievement, influence, personality, tenor

Abstract
This paper is on the subject of Gabriel Garcia Marquez work titled "The Autumn of the Patriarch", and a novel by Ralph Waldo Ellison titled "Invisible Man". In many respects, both works are autobiographical. However, it can be said at the same time that the names and the places of the individuals involved, have changed within the content in question. Further, it can also be said that both works are highly 'stylised'. The focus of this paper will be directed toward connecting their biographies with the novels in question.

Abstract
This paper describes and examines biography, a category within the larger subject of historical writing. According to the paper, the historian writing a biography must understand the nature of the individual who is the subject of the biography as well as knowing much about that person's time and place. Additionally, the writer of a biography must convey the interconnectedness of this data, of the personality of the subject and the tenor of his or her times, making the reader understand what this person did, why it was important, how great the achievement really was, and how lasting the influence has been through time.

From the Paper
"Biography is a category within the larger subject of historical writing. The historian writing a biographer must understand the nature of the individual who is the subject of the biography as well as knowing much about that person's time and place. The writer of a biography must convey the interconnectedness of this data, of the personality of the subject and the tenor of his or her times, making the reader understand what this person did, why it was important, how great the achievement really was, and how lasting the influence has been through time. These characteristics can be discerned in various biographies about people from different fields..."

Tags:biographies, sciences, politics

Abstract
The paper provides a biography of Abe Lincoln, the times from which he came and how that influenced his fight, his ideas and the influence they had. The paper offers a discussion of the legal changes that resulted from his efforts and the changes to society as a whole that resulted. The paper includes a short analysis of this writer's thoughts on the changes and challenges that followed and includes a legal analysis of the 13th and 14th amendments.

From the Paper
"Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, on Nolin Creek in Kentucky. His father, Thomas Lincoln, was a poverty-stricken farmer, and his mother Nancy died while Abe was a child. Lincoln spent his childhood learning how ensconced in toiling farmwork, like many of his fellow countrymen at the time. Later on during his Presidential campaign, he and his supporters would exploit this rustic upbringing to show his authenticity and tenacity. Indeed, his birth in Kentucky makes him the first President to be born outside of the original 13 colonies. The family traveled around what was then pioneer areas, in Indiana, Missouri and Illinois. Left with two children to support, Thomas Lincoln remarried Sarah Bush."

Tags:lincoln, biography, civil war

Abstract
Jazz is the dynamic tension between the expected and the improvised. Miles Davis was brought up torn between his well-to-do white-emulating upbringing and his black heritage. Davis not only bridged this gap but helped create entire new musical vocabularies throughout his long and varied career as a jazz trumpeter. This report shows his evolution and his continuing influence on other musicians, as described in his biography, "Miles Davis: A Biography," written by Ian Carr.

Paper Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Childhood
Further Development
Evolution, Addiction, & Resurrection
His Influence on Music Today
Concluding Remarks
References

From the Paper
"He worked with and was a catalyst for Tony Williams, Jack DeJohnette, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea, Wayne Shorter, Ron Carter, and countless others(p234). Many times in his career it had been declared that he already "peaked" and was a remnant of the 50's, of bebop, of cool jazz, of fusion jazz. But he never let himself grow complacent and become an icon of the past. By not producing unless he had something new to say, he was able to continually stay relevant, and re-invent himself every few years (p183). "

Tags:African, American, blues, musician, bebop

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that for all of the minor problems that this biography contains, however, Rutt's biography of James Scarth Gale makes for interesting reading. The writer discusses that it is a good resource for anyone who might be interested in studying the work of missionaries to Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This report gives a brief summary and commentary on Richard Rutt's book.

From the Paper
"Nearly the first one hundred pages of Richard Rutt's lengthy book is devoted to the biography of James Scarth Gale. At least twice as much could have been used on that topic and it would have remained interesting. Gale was an indefatigable and humble missionary, who never stopped working but rarely acknowledged the import of his work. Rutt does a good, if uneven, job at conveying just who James Scarth Gale really was. Gale was a Canadian-born Scot, born in 1863 to a Scottish father, John, who immigrated to Canada in 1832. His father married James' mother in 1848. James Gale's mother, Miami Bradt Gale, was an American Dutch ..."

Tags:missionary, gale

Abstract
Biography of the World War II Japanese leader. Japan's need for expansion. Political rather than military decisions by Tojo. Tojo's empire building. Internal turmoil in Japan. Roles of industrialists and the military. Tojo's rise to power. East-West Axis with Germany. Pearl Harbor. World War II. Tojo's resignation, he arrest and death for war crimes.

From the Paper
"Hideki Tojo


To most students of World War II, especially those who read the Allied propaganda publications and see some of the anti-Japanese movies made in the Nineteen Forties, Tojo is Japanese War Criminal Number One -- always seen somehow leering with buck teeth. The basic biographical facts are these: Born in Tokyo In December 1884. Coming from a family long identified with the army, he graduated at the military college and forthwith entered upon a martial career. He passed through the army staff college in 1915 and four years later went to Germany as military attache at the embassy in Berlin (Enc. Americana, 1956, p. 669). As Japan was about to enter the war, in 1941, Tojo was chief of the war ministry under the then premier, Prince Konoye, and, upon the latter s resignation, became premier. Both Japan and Tojo were far more complicated..."

Abstract
This essay is a detailed biography of the American novelist, Bernard Malamud. It describes some of his most famous works and the themes behind them. The essay speaks about Malamud's hard childhood and upbringing in Brooklyn, New York. It describes his family and how they are portrayed in his novels.

From the Paper
"Bernard Malamud was an American novelist and short-story writer. Born to poor parents in Brooklyn, New York he was educated at the City College of New York and the infamous Columbia University. Making something of himself, from 1961 he taught at the Bennington College. A Jew, Malamud has touched upon them in every novel and short story in great detail. Although his first novel, The Natural released in 1952 is a fantasy about a star baseball player, most of Malamud's writing as in his second novel, The Assistant written in 1957 is concerned with Jewish themes and reflects the sad, impoverished Brooklyn scenes of his childhood. The Fixer (1966), for which Malamud received a Pulitzer Prize, is a poignant novel (based on a true story) of the suffering of a Russian Jewish workman sentenced unjustly to prison. "

Tags:Bernard, Malamud, America, novelist, Jew, Brooklyn, NY

Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Absolut : Biography of a Bottle" by Carl Hamilton and discusses the story of how Absolut Vodka emerged as an unknown product and with a unique marketing strategy managed to conquer the United States market.

From the Paper
"The first step in the story is the proposal Gunnar Broman, head of Sweden's top advertising agency, made to New York executives in 1978. At this time the belief was that all good vodka came from Russia. In reality, vodka had been being produced in Sweden for centuries, but the cultural belief in America was that vodka came from Russia."

Tags:sweden, russia, broman, alcohol, advertisements