Abstract
This paper discusses genetic modification (GM) farming and analyzes the problems associated with the use of genetically modified food crops by a study of some recent scientific articles, which espouse this viewpoint. The paper contends that the rapid advancements in genomic science have created new possibilities in the fields of agriculture and in the treatment and management of diseases. The biotech revolution characterized by genetically engineered food products is regarded as a boon to the human society, a life-saving solution to manage the food crisis of our globe.

From the Paper
"Altering specific sequences of DNA allows plants to develop resistance to pesticides, resulting in increased yield. Using genetic engineering methods such as electroporation, gene gun, gene silencing and vector mediated transfer, scientists are now able to insert a new gene or control the expression of an already present gene in a plant. [UCS] In a special report from the 'New scientist' the author discusses some of the possibilities of applying genomic science into farming practices. Using these biotech processes scientists have created disease and herbicide resistant crops promising huge increase in productivity. The result of this biotech revolution was amazing. Vitamin boosted rice, Onions without tears, potatoes enriched with proteins, Soya built resistant to pesticides, and even caffeine free coffee became a reality and bio-engineered products offered endless possibilities."

Tags:biotechnology, genomics, electroporation

Abstract
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of genetically engineered crops and food. The author argues that they have a potentially negative impact on the ecosystem and human health.

From the Paper
"While the twentieth century may be known as the century of chemistry and physics, the twenty-first century may well be known as the century of biotechnology. Current technologies enable scientists to create genetically engineered organisms by using the basic building blocks of living matter genes. This ability offers the world a number of advances from curing diseases to human cloning. One of the biggest advances according to some is already here --- genetically engineered crops and foods Genetically engineered crops are new kinds of ..."

Tags:cancer, insecticide, herbicide, toxins, resistance, agriculture, genetics, genes, scientists, Africa, Monsanto, hunger

Abstract
This is a detailed descriptive, persuasive paper about the effects of genetically modified crops. The author discusses genetic engineering and clearly defines many difficult biological terms, and how the Food and Drug Administration plays a major role in the legalization of genetically modified crops.

From the Paper
"Genetically engineered crops have killed dozens of people throughout the United States of America and Europe , and have harmed thousands of others. Governments of the world should outlaw genetically modified agricultural products to ensure that no other lives will be susceptible to the same type of danger. Scientists first designed genetically altered crops to resist herbicides. Genetically modified crops were also not intended for human consumption. In fact, they were intended for better yields, resistance to herbicides, and cheaper feed for livestock, such as cattle, sheep, poultry, etc. The FDA is now investigating genetically modified crops to see if they should ban them in the United States of America ."

Tags:corn, engineered, genetic, modified, plants, fda, dna, bio

Abstract
This paper examines how genetically engineered food is food that is produced from genetically engineered crops or animals and how the process of genetic engineering occurs when genes from one organism are spliced into the DNA of another organism, creating a new organism that could no come to pass through traditional breeding methods. In particular, it looks at how, because GE foods can be produced in larger quantities and at lower costs than traditional foods, the trend to embrace them seems inevitable and how opponents of GE foods are pushing to ban them, arguing that these foods are dangerous to human health and to the environment.

From the Paper
"The argument that GE foods are potentially dangerous, that they may possibly be harmful in some unknown way at some unknown time cannot support the proposal to ban GE foods. For example, recent charges that a type of GE corn found in corn snacks could cause nausea and anaphylactic shock failed to provide the necessary evidence to support this accusation. No clinical case demonstrating such allergic reactions was ever reported. In addition, the quantity of this type of GE corn found in Taco Bell tacos was only one percent an amount too small to be of any consequence."

Tags:dna, breeding, crops

From the Paper
"For thousands of years, farmers have bred crops and animals to produce better outcomes in terms of crop yields, pest or drought resistance, speed of ripening, or growth rate. Now they are doing it with the aid of biotechnology by using genetically modified organisms to produce their desired results (Maynard, 2000). For instance: a stalk of corn that breeds pest-resistant corn, a potato that becomes resistant to the protein beetle, a strawberry that can withstand frost, and a soybean whose DNA is spliced with that of a petunia to produce a plant engineered to survive otherwise toxic doses of herbicide, are all products of genetically modified plants.
Traditional crossbreeding in plants requires the mixing of thousands of genes in the hopes of developing a plant with the desired trait. With biotechnology, characteristics can be ..."

Tags:GENETICS

Abstract
This paper argues for the rights of consumers to know which food products they purchase have been genetically engineered. The writer first explains this concept and examines the potential health hazards that people are afraid of when buying such foods. It also looks at opinion of the food producer who is against such labeling due to unbiased fears amongst the consumer population. The paper also addresses the benefits of bio-engineering in certain fields which helps the production process of many food-groups.

From the Paper
"In the twenty-first century, with all the pressing issues at hand, there is bound to be controversy and disagreement. There are many important issues, which face the world today, issues like abortion, the death penalty, gun control, censorship, women in combat and even genetically engineered food. With all the modern scientific advances we are making now, especially in the United States there are positive effects as well as negative effects. Genetically engineered foods are very controversial because there are just as many experts who say they are safe as there are experts who say they are unsafe. In the United States about two thirds of all produce on supermarket shelves is genetically engineered; now the problem we, as a nation, face is awareness. Our most relevant issue is whether it should be required to label these unnatural, possibly unsafe foods. And, the answer is yes; the public has a right to know what they are eating and choose whether they want to eat genetically engineered foods, mainly produce."

Tags:bio-engineering, consumer, production, health, nature, agriculture

Abstract
This paper examines the technology behind genetically modified crops, the potential risks of GMCs, the benefits of GMCs, the criticisms of the arguments used to oppose GMCs, and the general worldwide opinion regarding the use of GMCs.

From the Paper
"But are these crops really so dangerous? The issue of genetic modification of crops is perhaps so vexing and problematic because the United States and the European Community pursue completely different policies regarding the issue. Unlike so many issues of health, both countries have completely different views as to the safety of genetic modification, the US allowing the process, the EU condemning it."

Tags:natural, engineered, healthful, genetic, structure, frankenstein, food, fda

Abstract
The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .

From the Paper
"Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."

Tags:department, of, defense, casualties, anthrax, combat, air-borne, bio-terrorist, threats

Abstract
The paper looks at France and at its changing demography, growing economy, and steadily-growing energy needs. The paper focuses upon France's massive consumption of bio-fuels and what the future holds for this country as its demand appears to be out-stripping domestic supplies.

From the Paper
"Before delving too deeply into the matter of bio-fuels and their relationship to France, it is vital to present an overview of the country in question. As most people are well-aware, France is located in Western Europe, bordering the Pacific Ocean, with Germany to its immediate East and Spain to the West (a map outlining France's location can be found in the appendix to this paper). The population of France, according to one online source was, as of late 2006, 60,742,000 ("Population of France" 2006). France's GDP (as of 2006) stood at around US$1.9 trillion and its per-capita GDP stood at US$31,200 (Central Intelligence Agency 2007,...)"

Tags:france, bio, fuels, europe

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at Toronto's burgeoning bio-tech industry. In particular, the writer focuses on where these companies are located, what they are and what they look like and where they rank internationally. Further, the writer concentrates on Affinium Pharmaceuticals due to its work in the field of medicine.

From the Paper
"The paper will also focus particular attention upon Affinium Pharmaceuticals because of its path-breaking work in developing anti-infective medicines and because of its close ties to the University of Toronto. Ultimately, the paper will reveal a great deal about Toronto's bio-tech sector as well as illustrating Toronto's growing profile among the bio-technology centers of North America.

Tags:bio, tech, Toronto, geography