Abstract This paper examines August Wilson play "Joe Turner's Come and Gone" as symbolic of loss and redemption after the abolition of slavery. The author points out that Wilson uses Bynum's "bindingsong" as a main point of reference for the characterization of Bynum and Loomis.
From the Paper " In Joe Turner's "Come and Gone" the audience is faced with characters who are most certainly out of place in their surroundings. By setting his work during that period of American History known as The Great Migration, he opens our ..."
Tags: joe turner, august wilson, bindingsong, bynum, loomis
Abstract The paper discusses the ancient Chinese "Book of Songs," a book of poems each of which is set to music so it can be sung. The book consists of 305 poems categorized into folk songs, ceremonial songs, and sacrificial songs, based on their content and the style of the music. The paper examines the various styles of songs that make up the book and how these songs were used to celebrate many occasions.
From the Paper "Chinese literature has a long history that begins with Shi Jing, or the Book of Songs. The original title of the work was Shi (Poems) and later Shi Sanbai (Three Hundred Poems). Each of the poems was set to music so it could be sung. The book finally consisted of 305 poems categorized into folk songs, ceremonial songs, and sacrificial songs, based on their content and the style of the music. Folk songs were popular among the people and made up the best part of the book. Ceremonial songs and sacrificial songs were sung primarily on sacrificial or ceremonial occasions as a means of eulogizing the merits and virtues of the Son of Heaven and of his forefathers (Churchill paras. 1-2). Shi Jing is one of the seminal works of Chinese Civilization, serving this role along with the Book of Changes (Yi Jing), the Book of History (Shu Jing),.."
Abstract Songs often contain spiritual messages that can help those who are either victims of unpleasant circumstances or lack the courage to overcome misfortunes. The lyrics of many such songs urge people to face life with a cheerful and positive attitude. This paper discusses three such songs, which contain substance because they transcend any particular space or time and thus carry a universal message of wisdom and courage. The paper also focuses on such things as tone of the song, its central theme, rhyming, significance of oft-repeated lines etc.
Abstract This paper discusses two of Marley's songs: "Redemption Song" and "Get Up, Stand Up" and examines the protest behind the songs. Additionally, the paper focuses on why Marley chose to present his protests against the political system, racism and social inequality through his music and how Marley's unique style characterizes his works. Finally, the paper discusses how Marley's songs altered the conventional ideas of reggae style and the religious movement known as Rastafari and discusses how Marley's music was able to inspire a nation and her people.
From the Paper "Throughout history, expressions of protest have come from a variety of sources and through a vast plethora of mediums. From paintings to poetry, protest works have helped to shape many causes, and have in many cases even influenced the outcome of the cause for the protest. This type of influence and the ability to affect masses of people simultaneously is perhaps best shown in the world of music."
Abstract This paper examines the economy of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE). It discusses its changes, successes, failures and the influence of Wang Anshi and his reforms. The paper also explores the factors that led to increased economic growth.
Tags:Song Dynasty, China, Northern Song, Southern Song, economics, Wang Anshi
Abstract In this article the writer provides an exploration of the use of the memory-street metaphor in song lyrics, from the 1960's to the present. The writer examines how the metaphor of roads is used in in different ways. The writer also presents various songs that illustrate and support the discussion.
From the Paper "The exploration of memory in song lyrics and the metaphor of roads memories and roads or streets have been the subject matter of numerous world famous songs. The use of roads as metaphors for human memory is effective because the two have a number of things in common, despite the reality that memory exists only metaphysically. Three features shared by memories and roads are the inevitability of change perspective and a linkage which allows the physical road to lead to an emotive response in the memory. "
Abstract This paper describes the CD recording "John Dowland Songs for Tenor and Lute", and notes that the tenor voice is the fundamental part and focal point while the lute acts as a background instrument, which adds variety and frills to the compositional piece. The paper also points out the similar sound of the historical lute to that of the contemporary Spanish guitar. The paper also points out that the performer of the lute in this recording is Paul O'Dette, born in 1954, who is both a musician and composer specializing in playing the lute and early music. In addition, the paper describes the various tracks, many of which sing of love, and the song "When Phoebus First Did Daphne Love". The writer believes that this recording is authentic recording and offers many insights into the music of its time period.
From the Paper "In this CD, almost every single track is set up the exact same way. The tenor is the only voice and is the main compositional piece of the music. The lute is there to add some background to the tenor voice. I also noticed that there is very little set rhythm through each piece. Each song on this recording is a song about love. Even though the recording is performed in English, the performer sings in way that makes it extremely difficult to understand and discern the words that he is actually singing. Out of 20 tracks, fifteen of the track's titles have to do with love."
Abstract This paper discusses the term 'double bind', first introduced by Gregory Bateson et al in their work entitled, "Towards a Theory of Schizophrenia". The paper explains that a double-bind describes a contradiction of sorts, especially between familial relations, and characteristically communicates a negative tone towards the subject or victim. The paper attempts to offers a more informed perspective on Bateson's double-bind theory in order to provide insight as to how people use language in order to communicate order(s) and tone. The paper uses MLA style footnotes and in-text citation but does not include a works cited page.
From the Paper "A double bind has three basic requirements: a first order (premise 1), a second order (premise 2), and a conclusive tone (conclusion). In the aforementioned example, the premise 1 is "go ahead, criticize me," the premise 2 is "strongly hints," and the conclusion is that "all effective criticism...will be very unwelcome." It should be noted that the second order or the premise 2 does not have to be a verbal command/order, but can be communicated in any sort of linguistic communication (by gestures, tones, and the like). This is the basic formula for a double bind, which is can obviously be seen as a part of daily interaction between people. "
This paper presents electron paramagnetic resonance and oxygen binding studies of -nitrosyl hemoglobin - a novel oxygen carrier having NO (Nitric Oxide) assisted allosteric functions.
Abstract This paper shows that Nitric Oxide (NO) is a very popular compound to investigate in the scientific community today. It is physiologically ubiquitous as a potent vasodilator, neurotransmitter, and immuno-active agent at low concentrations and it is produced and recycled in the respiratory tract to regulate the airway. This paper discusses in detail the mechanism behind oxygen binding and release by hemoglobin as it relates NO bound to the Hemoglobin. The oxygen affinity dynamics of native Hemoglobin and nitrosylated Hb are compared. The research also reveals that although NO has a much higher affinity than oxygen or carbon monoxide for Hemoglobin, NO behaves differently than these other ligands and is not as toxic to normal Hb oxygen binding as previously assumed.
From the Paper "Small, unicellular aerobic organisms can obtain oxygen required for metabolism by simple diffusion from the environment. Most multicellular organisms have too great a surface area and many cells not in contact with the environment. They require circulatory systems that transport oxygen from gas-exchange organs to other tissues. In vertebrates, oxygen is bound to molecules of Hemoglobin (Hb) or transport in Red Blood Cells. Mammalian Hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of four polypeptide chains; two a and two b. Six ligands are coordinated to the ferrous iron, with the ligands in octahedral geometry around the metal cation (figure 1). In aqueous solution, free heme does not does not reversibly bind oxygen. Instead the Fe(II) is rapidly oxidized to Fe(III) when it gives up an electron to oxygen. The quaternary structure of hemoglobin prevents formal transfer of an electron and allows it to reversibly bind O2. Positively charged amino acid residues stabilize to negatively charged diatomic oxygen without an ionic bond. Hemoglobin unbound to oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin and has a low affinity for oxygen. Once one oxygen molecule binds to the Fe, the proximal Histadine (figure 1) moves closer to the porphyrin ring because the Fe is now bound to six ligands instead of five. This disrupts the stabilizing ions that interact with Hb. The remaining Heme groups have an increased affinity for Oxygen. In addition to this positive cooperatively of binding, allosteric interactions regulate the binding and release of oxygen by Hb (Horton, 1996)."
Abstract This paper examines the ancient Chinese custom of foot binding. The paper details the history of this ritual and the socio-cultural role it played in Chinese society. Then the paper turns to an analysis of the metaphoric significance of foot binding in literature and on film. Works studied include the James Michener epic novel "Hawaii" and the film "The Hawaiians", which is based on the novel and the film "The Inn of the Sixth Happiness".
From the Paper "James Michener explored the Chinese culture in his epic novel Hawaii, which was made into two films, the second of which, The Hawaiians, dealt with the Chinese woman Char Nyuk Tsin, and her husband, Kee Mun Ki. While the practice of foot binding is never a central theme or issue of either the novel or the film, it is an underlying element in the plot structure and character development. Char Nyuk Tsin is a peasant woman of Hakka, a mountain village that traditionally does not bind the feet of their women, since they are required to carry heavy loads up and down steep and rocky terrain. A rival neighboring village practices the custom, considering it a mark of ignorance that their neighbors leave their women's feet to grow naturally.When the Chinese are imported to Hawaii to work in the fields, the first women allowed on the islands are the women with strong, unbound feet. Chinese women with bound feet are not among the early Chinese allowed to relocate in the Hawaiian Islands, since their usefulness as laborers is limited."
Abstract This paper comments that the "The Song of Solomon" is one of the most controversial pieces in the Old Testament due to its erotic nature and references to sexuality. The paper then relates that many believe the Song of Songs does not belong in the Bible, and certain faiths refuse to include it, while others believe it is an essential part of the Bible with an important message. The paper also relates that still others feel it is essential as a sexual primer for a committed, married, heterosexual couple. The paper then examines arguments for including the Song of Songs in Holy Scripture, but acknowledges that the reasons are varied and yet all are valid to the people who support them.
Outline:
Classifying the Books of the Bible
Song of Solomon as Allegory
Song of Solomon as a Message of Love
The Song of Solomon and Symbolism in Literature
The Denial of Desire
Conclusion
From the Paper "Why is the Song of Solomon included as scripture? One conjecture is that, purportedly embarrassed by the frank sensuality in the Song of Songs, "many (ancient) commentators have labeled the work an allegory - a fictional narrative in which characters, objects, and actions symbolize some higher truth. To Jews, the Song became an allegory of Yahweh's love for Israel; to Christians, it became an expression of Christ's love for his "bride," the church" (Harris, 2007, p. 263). These labels indicate that the erotic nature of the poem is actually a spiritual, rather than physical, element. The "higher purpose" the ancient commentators placed on the Song of Songs belies the frank sexual nature of the poems (the Songs are a collection of poems)."
Abstract The paper asserts that representative democracy in the United States has been seriously undermined by a President who violates the Constitution and federal laws whenever he feels like it. The paper discusses the non-binding resolution against the troop surge passed by the House of Representatives that had no chance of preventing the surge. The paper argues that unless the current president is impeached and removed from office by the Senate, no other resolution or bill passed by Congress will prevent him from implementing any policy he chooses.
From the Paper "The non-binding resolution passed by the House on February 16 did not prevent the troop surge, and if the past seven years are any indication, no other resolution or bill passed by Congress will prevent the current president from implementing any policy he chooses, for he has and will continue to invoke what he calls "unitary executive" powers in order to authorize and justify his actions. At some point, Democrats in Congress may finally figure out that Impeaching this president is the only way to restore responsibility to the White House, will do so, and will call upon the Senate to convict him for multiple Impeachable offenses."
Abstract This paper explains that, on "Disney Songs the Satchmo Way", Louis Armstrong re-interprets the music of very familiar songs associated with Disney by adding a jazz flair to each song resulting in a more enjoyable sound than in their original format. The author points out that the new style actually makes the songs a much mellower flavor, which flows along nicely instead of being choppy in places as in the original Disney style. The paper analyzes the songs "Chim Chim Cher-ee", "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo", "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" and "When You Wish upon a Star", all of which definitely have that New Orleans flavor with trumpets, trombones and various brass instruments playing Disney tunes.
From the Paper "Another aspect that struck me was my attitude towards the kind of songs being performed. I had always thought of these tunes as children's songs, just funny, cartoon type lyrics and music. The way, in which these tunes were performed by Louis Armstrong, I could actually see some of them making it onto the charts. Even though they are suppose to be fun songs, the new format somehow gave them a little more seriousness. "
Abstract By comparing Irving Berlin's song, "God Bless America", to Woody Guthrie's song "This Land is Your Land", this paper attempts to determine if Guthrie's song was a patriotic song or was intended as a way to open our eyes to what America had become. The paper relates that while Berlin's "God Bless America" projects a sense of pride, joy and gratification for a land of freedom, Guthrie's "This Land is Your Land", in addition to beginning with the same delight and honor in America, also describes the heartache and devastation that America faces in her own land. The paper concludes that the two songs were not written to convey the same emotions even though both use the poetic sightings of imagery, symbolism, visual connotations to express their feelings and tone.
From the Paper "Although, there are different concepts that Guthrie and Berlin used for America are quite simply stated in reading both poems, they both place focus on love for America as well as an undying devotion to her. Berlin placed great focus on the superior side of America and what she has to offer. While Guthrie, started off in the same manner, he turned it to asking the question "was this land made for you and me"? And if so then why do we have people hurting here? Why do we have signs to keep people out when in deed the other side was made for you and me? "
Abstract The writer looks at the song "Money", and raises the following points - Roger Waters? references to our social hierarchy, how his ideas relate to Thorstein Veblen's 'Theory of the Leisure Class', and class discrimination. This song brings to light concerns about our current economy. Bob Seger's song, "Feel Like A Number," also deals with the social hierarchy from the perspective of the workers that make up the majority of our society. This song has been related to Merton's Strain Theory for sociological purposes.
From the Paper The song "Money" seems to deal with people and their desire to possess more money. The song also implies that money is not such a wonderful thing to attain beyond a certain amount based on the fact that it gives the person too much power, or rather the belief that he has power. It seems to be broaching the idea of capitalism with skepticism. The message seems to be claiming that those with money and power let it get to their heads and do very little to help change the situations for those less fortunate. In a sense, Waters is disagreeing with the functionalist view that our society will work itself out. He words it as though he feels that it is dysfunctional in our society to allow the wealthy to hold their earnings with an iron grip.
