Abstract
This paper examines the ancient Chinese custom of foot binding. The paper details the history of this ritual and the socio-cultural role it played in Chinese society. Then the paper turns to an analysis of the metaphoric significance of foot binding in literature and on film. Works studied include the James Michener epic novel "Hawaii" and the film "The Hawaiians", which is based on the novel and the film "The Inn of the Sixth Happiness".

From the Paper
"James Michener explored the Chinese culture in his epic novel Hawaii, which was made into two films, the second of which, The Hawaiians, dealt with the Chinese woman Char Nyuk Tsin, and her husband, Kee Mun Ki. While the practice of foot binding is never a central theme or issue of either the novel or the film, it is an underlying element in the plot structure and character development. Char Nyuk Tsin is a peasant woman of Hakka, a mountain village that traditionally does not bind the feet of their women, since they are required to carry heavy loads up and down steep and rocky terrain. A rival neighboring village practices the custom, considering it a mark of ignorance that their neighbors leave their women's feet to grow naturally.When the Chinese are imported to Hawaii to work in the fields, the first women allowed on the islands are the women with strong, unbound feet. Chinese women with bound feet are not among the early Chinese allowed to relocate in the Hawaiian Islands, since their usefulness as laborers is limited."

Tags:Chinese, culture, torture, lame, feet, hawaii, inn, sixth, happiness, michener

Abstract
In a representative democracy, the passage of a non-binding resolution expressing congressional opposition to a presidential policy should influence a president to change that policy, especially when the resolution reflects the opposition of a significant majority of the people to that policy. Unfortunately, representative democracy in the United States has been seriously undermined by the degeneration of the political system into a corporate oligarchy presided over by corrupt politicians and led by a president who violates the Constitution and federal laws whenever he feels like it.

From the Paper
Troop Surge in Iraq: An Analysis of Non-Binding Resolution Issues In a representative democracy, the passage of a non-binding resolution expressing congressional opposition to a presidential policy should influence a president to change that policy, especially when the resolution reflects the opposition to that policy of a significant majority of the people. Unfortunately, representative democracy in the United States has been seriously undermined by the degeneration of the political system into a corporate oligarchy presided over by corrupt

Tags:iraq, resolution, issues

Abstract
The paper asserts that representative democracy in the United States has been seriously undermined by a President who violates the Constitution and federal laws whenever he feels like it. The paper discusses the non-binding resolution against the troop surge passed by the House of Representatives that had no chance of preventing the surge. The paper argues that unless the current president is impeached and removed from office by the Senate, no other resolution or bill passed by Congress will prevent him from implementing any policy he chooses.

From the Paper
"The non-binding resolution passed by the House on February 16 did not prevent the troop surge, and if the past seven years are any indication, no other resolution or bill passed by Congress will prevent the current president from implementing any policy he chooses, for he has and will continue to invoke what he calls "unitary executive" powers in order to authorize and justify his actions. At some point, Democrats in Congress may finally figure out that Impeaching this president is the only way to restore responsibility to the White House, will do so, and will call upon the Senate to convict him for multiple Impeachable offenses."

Tags:corruption, manipulation, propaganda, democracy, media, Constitution

Tags:ancient, chinese, customs, footbinding, tradition, culture, ceremony

From the Paper
"Mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP), found in the saliva of the house mouse, or Mus musculus, has been found to have an interesting polymorphism. The alpha subunit of ABP has been found to be monomorphic for each of three subspecies of Mus musculus (domesticus, musculus, and castaneous), designating each subspecies with a different allele of ABPa (ABPa a, ABPa b, and ABPa c, respectively). ABP is thought to have evolved separately as Mus musculus radiated from the origin near the Punjab river valley about 500,000 years ago. Structural studies of this protein have shown that ABP is a dimer composed to two subunits, alpha and beta. Variations in the amino acid and DNA sequences of the alpha subunit have been found to exist between subspecies, but hardly any variation exists within the subspecies, reinforcing the idea that ABP is diagnostic of the subspecies. Behavioral studies involving mice and ABP have determined that female mice chose male saliva of their own ABP type significantly more frequently than male saliva of another ABP type. Therefore, ABP possibly acts as a pheromone and may play some role in mate and/or subspecies recognition in Mus musculus. If ABP's function has been determined correctly, then ABP is contributing to the speciation of Mus musculus, despite close contact of subspecies at the hybrid zones, where subspecies come into contact again after divergence from the origin."

Tags:abp, hybrid, mus, musculus, polymorphism, zone, mice

Abstract
This paper discusses the term 'double bind', first introduced by Gregory Bateson et al in their work entitled, "Towards a Theory of Schizophrenia". The paper explains that a double-bind describes a contradiction of sorts, especially between familial relations, and characteristically communicates a negative tone towards the subject or victim. The paper attempts to offers a more informed perspective on Bateson's double-bind theory in order to provide insight as to how people use language in order to communicate order(s) and tone. The paper uses MLA style footnotes and in-text citation but does not include a works cited page.

From the Paper
"A double bind has three basic requirements: a first order (premise 1), a second order (premise 2), and a conclusive tone (conclusion). In the aforementioned example, the premise 1 is "go ahead, criticize me," the premise 2 is "strongly hints," and the conclusion is that "all effective criticism...will be very unwelcome." It should be noted that the second order or the premise 2 does not have to be a verbal command/order, but can be communicated in any sort of linguistic communication (by gestures, tones, and the like). This is the basic formula for a double bind, which is can obviously be seen as a part of daily interaction between people. "

Tags:order, Gregory, Bateson

Abstract
This paper shows that Nitric Oxide (NO) is a very popular compound to investigate in the scientific community today. It is physiologically ubiquitous as a potent vasodilator, neurotransmitter, and immuno-active agent at low concentrations and it is produced and recycled in the respiratory tract to regulate the airway. This paper discusses in detail the mechanism behind oxygen binding and release by hemoglobin as it relates NO bound to the Hemoglobin. The oxygen affinity dynamics of native Hemoglobin and nitrosylated Hb are compared. The research also reveals that although NO has a much higher affinity than oxygen or carbon monoxide for Hemoglobin, NO behaves differently than these other ligands and is not as toxic to normal Hb oxygen binding as previously assumed.

From the Paper
"Small, unicellular aerobic organisms can obtain oxygen required for metabolism by simple diffusion from the environment. Most multicellular organisms have too great a surface area and many cells not in contact with the environment. They require circulatory systems that transport oxygen from gas-exchange organs to other tissues. In vertebrates, oxygen is bound to molecules of Hemoglobin (Hb) or transport in Red Blood Cells. Mammalian Hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of four polypeptide chains; two a and two b. Six ligands are coordinated to the ferrous iron, with the ligands in octahedral geometry around the metal cation (figure 1). In aqueous solution, free heme does not does not reversibly bind oxygen. Instead the Fe(II) is rapidly oxidized to Fe(III) when it gives up an electron to oxygen. The quaternary structure of hemoglobin prevents formal transfer of an electron and allows it to reversibly bind O2. Positively charged amino acid residues stabilize to negatively charged diatomic oxygen without an ionic bond. Hemoglobin unbound to oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin and has a low affinity for oxygen. Once one oxygen molecule binds to the Fe, the proximal Histadine (figure 1) moves closer to the porphyrin ring because the Fe is now bound to six ligands instead of five. This disrupts the stabilizing ions that interact with Hb. The remaining Heme groups have an increased affinity for Oxygen. In addition to this positive cooperatively of binding, allosteric interactions regulate the binding and release of oxygen by Hb (Horton, 1996)."

Tags:binding, hemoglobin, nitric, oxide, oxygen

Abstract
The paper discusses whether a patient's irrational decision to refuse treatment is binding to a health care professional. The paper explores the arguments for and against the rights of irrational patients and brings several case studies to light. The paper reveals that the health care professional is bound to treat irrational patients who cannot be held accountable for their actions. The paper therefore shows that if there is no other family member or responsible party available, the health care professional must make some difficult and demanding choices, for if they do not, they could put themselves and their facility at risk of court action and liability.

Outline:
Introduction
Argument
Counterargument
Response
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Patient's rights are a critical concern in the health care profession today, and few will argue that a competent patient has the right to free will and to choose what happens to their own body. Some patients with religious convictions may choose to refuse certain treatments, such as abortion, and some patients from other cultures may refuse certain types of treatment that do not agree with their cultural beliefs. However, anyone who consciously desires treatment should be treated by the health care professional."

Tags:parents, guardians, liability, lawsuits

Abstract
This paper discusses the legal elements of a contract and the aspects that determine if a contract is binding or not. The paper discusses issues related to simulation and revision. It describes the performance, project structure and communication that must be present in a simulated case. It also addresses the importance of communication between companies.

From the Paper
"To address these issues the contract should be renegotiated to include provisions of expectations for performance that allow for some degree of error. Yet, these errors must also be corrected within a reasonable period of time that is agreeable to both corporations (Collins, 1999, p. 251). In regard to the project structure, it would be more beneficial for both companies if there were specific points during the project in which the company leaders met to discuss the progress of the project and make alterations as needed to conform to change (Collins, 1999, p. 250). It is suggested that these meetings take place monthly, with adequate documentation being provided by all parties in order to ensure that the efforts of the leaders are worthwhile (Collins, 1999, p. 253)."

Tags:corporations, negotiations, conflict, resolution

Abstract
The paper explains that contract law has been developed as part of common law and is used to define the necessary parts of the contract and analyze risk in the contract situation. The paper looks at the requirements of a valid and legally binding contract and lists the various types of contracts. The paper also presents an example of an individual making an offer to acquire a property. The paper then looks at the function of communicating and reporting as part of the process of management and risk. Finally, the paper discusses the reasonable person test that can be included as a clause in a contract to help decide potential disputes.

From the Paper
"There are certain elements required of a valid and legally binding contract. A contract is an agreement that involves an offer made and accepted. It is an agreement that is voluntarily created by persons with the capacity to contract. The objectives of the agreement must be legal, and usually the agreement must be supported by some consideration, or a bargained-for exchange of legal value. The law also requires written evidence of the existence of some agreements before they can be enforced, but there are other types of contract that may be valid without a written agreement."

Tags:communicating, reporting, dispute, resolution, bargaining, risks