Abstract
The paper examines how the binary relationship between males and females has been constructed and also how that construction has specific and demonstrable effects on gender equity for ordinary people, specifically in the workplace. The paper discusses deconstruction, traditional feminism and binary construction of gender.

From the Paper
"The binary conception of gender is well understood by just about everyone, even if only on an unconscious and implicit level. Academics of varying disciplines routinely take the matter much farther than the general population, but nevertheless binary male/female is a well-known aspect of everyday life permeating throughout the all parts of life. The purpose of this brief essay is not only to examine how this binary relationship has been constructed (and hence understood by academics) but also how that construction has specific and demonstrable effects on gender equity for ordinary people, specifically in the workplace."

Tags:sociology, binary, workplace

Abstract
The following paper analyzes the process of adding binary numbers by making reference to an addition algorithm as an example of this process. Background information to binaries is included.

From the paper:

"The binary number system was based on the decimal system, but uses only two digits, 1 and 0, instead of the 10 digits used by the decimal system. The system was developed for computer systems because they are more economical and precise when writing code. All digital computers use binary as their primary code. Each binary digit represents either "on" or "off" to the computer."

Tags:combinations, numbers, circuits, code, decimal, system, computer, systems, hexadecimal, conversion, chart

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that society is based on a gender binary system and that certain attributes are regarded as quintessentially masculine, and others as feminine. The writer maintains that deviation from this is not well tolerated by mainstream society, possibly because it threatens the patriarchal status quo. This essay discusses the challenges faced by female athletes due to the gender binary system.

From the Paper
Our society is rigidly structured on the basis of a gender binary system, which stipulates and prescribes that there must be two - and only two - genders, and moreover that these two genders are the opposites of one another. This system commonly posits the male as the norm, and the female as merely the "other," or simply the opposite of the norm. Within this system,

Tags:sports, women, society

Abstract
This paper examines the restrictive binary gender system in light of Virginia Woolf's novel, "Orlando," with insight from Kate Bornstein's "Gender Outlaw" and Leslie Feinberg's "Transgender Warriors". The paper shows that Virginia Woolf's character, Orlando, on becoming a woman, maintains the same personality and memories that she had as a man. Orlando's gender identity, then, is somewhere between man and woman, but she must choose to present herself as either a man or a woman when she interacts with society. The paper shows that Orlando, and countless less-visible individuals in the same situation, must tailor gender expression to the closest acceptable model in the binary gender system.

From the Paper
"In a culture that hinges so critically on clearly defined gender roles, it seems significant that Orlando was accepted back into her life and the English culture on her return. At her estate, which she left as a man years ago, "No one showed an instant's suspicion that Orlando was not the Orlando they had known." Even that evening after meeting Orlando as a woman, Mrs. Grimsditch, a housekeeper, mentioned that "for what with the towels wanting mending and the curtains... being moth-eaten round the fringes, it was time they had a Mistress among them." It is in this comment that the frame of mind of the Englishman and Englishwoman becomes clear: While Orlando may have been a man, that does not matter, so long as Orlando fully assumes her role as a woman. For her to be accepted back into English society, she must function as a woman, for she looks like one. If she were to look like a man, then she must function as one. Orlando wishes to be part of society (as she always has wished), but her nature is at odds with the way society now expects her to behave."

Tags:transgender, transsexual, freedom

Abstract
The paper deals with the question of whether environment or nature defines sex and explains that it is impossible to know. The paper discusses that certainly there is compelling evidence against either of these factors being totally responsible for gender. Gender is something that a person feels--it is not defined by how a person appears. The paper emphasizes how even then, a person only ascribed themselves an emotional gender based on traditional assumptions about the binary gender. The paper concludes that with the abolition of these traditional assumptions, gender, in a way, has become obsolete.

Tags:sexuality, binary, gender

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of how the valuation of beauty is a social construction, reinforced by the social institutions of the dominant ethnicity in society that typically "marginalizes" other groups. The paper focuses on African Americans.

From the Paper
"In the video series Race The Power of Illusion we are provided with DNA evidence that questions the very core of our assumptions about race. Race remains a fundamental concept in society ..."

Tags:African Americans, slavery, racism, social institutions, ethnicity, oppression, identity, binary, white, black, norms

Abstract
This paper discusses how traditional assumptions about sexuality are rooted in the rigid concept of the gender binary. This gender binary generates and sustains an iniquitous power imbalance between the two genders. The paper explains how the gender binary, sexuality and power are so interwoven that it is hard to imagine one without the other - contrary to the general assumption that sexuality is assigned by biology. However, the paper notes that it is not a chicken-and-egg situation, for it is possible to ascertain which came first.

Tags:feminism, sexuality, gender

Abstract
This essay examines the binary opposition evident in the characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story, "The House of the Seven Gables". The paper explains that Hawthorn'es message, that posterity would benefit more from a strong set of plebeian values and ideals than from patrician inherited gold, was conveyed through his structured use of binary opposition in his characters.

From the Paper
"With the Revolutionary War only sixty-eight years removed, aristocratic thinking is being challenged by the new democratic mind-set. During this turbulent, yet exciting, growth spurt in American history, Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes The House of the Seven Gables (1851). His masterful use of binary characters subtlety argues for the wholesomeness of plebeian democratic values rather than keeping the patrician aristocratic power structure. Hawthorne creates several characters that are in binary opposition to one another. Among other themes, these characters represent the theme of the rise of the plebeian over the ashes of the patrician."

Tags:colonel, pyncheon, matthew, maule, puritan, aristocrat, persecution, hanging, witchcraft, salem, witch, trials, property, land, stream, running

Abstract
This paper explains how female athletes face tremendous obstacles and prejudice because by definition they are in opposition to the twin pillars of our patriarchal society: the gender binary system, and compulsory heterosexuality. The paper shows that many athletes and athletic organizations spend a great deal of energy on countering suspicions that women athletes are not "natural," "real," heterosexual, feminine women. The writer suggests that women stop wasting their energy on counteracting societal prejudices, and concentrate on being the best athletes they can be. The paper concludes that society has to change, and acknowledge and affirm the new ways in which 21st century women are choosing to express themselves. The writer believes that in this way, women's sports will some day command the same respect and money as men's sports do.

From the Paper
"Our society is rigidly structured on the basis of a gender binary system, which stipulates and prescribes that there must be two - and only two -genders, and moreover that these two genders are the opposites of one another. This system commonly posits the male as the norm, and the female as merely the "other," or simply the opposite of the norm. Within this system, certain attributes are regarded as quintessentially masculine, and others as feminine. Deviation from this is not well tolerated by mainstream society, possibly because it threatens the patriarchal status quo."

Tags:female, athletes, male, athletic, feminine, masculine, society

Abstract
Discusses conceptual binary of culture and nature in the three plays: Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure" and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "Eastward Ho" by George Chapman, Ben Jonson, and John Martson.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this brief report is to examine three plays - Shakespeare's Measure for Measure and A Midsummer Night's Dream, as well as Eastward Ho by George Chapman, Ben Jonson, and John Marston - ..."