Abstract
This paper gives a documentary type exposition of the 1973 Billie Jean King-Bobby Riggs match held in the Astrodome and televised to an audience of nearly 509 million viewers. The paper highlights how King's victory impacted the development of female marketability as a result.

From the Paper
"Sports for the most part has always been thought of as a man's field. Baseball, football, basketball, hockey -- all men. Only tennis has some meaningful women athletes now. And their prize money doesn't come close to what the men tennis pros earn. However Billie Jean King was the ranking female tennis pro. This year she won Wimbledon for the fifth time. And then a different kind of fame became hers when an old pro well past his prime, Bobby Riggs, claimed that he could beat..."

Tags:Billie Jean King, Bobby Riggs, feminism, female athletes ABC-TV, Astrodome, Howard Cosell

Abstract
This paper discusses how Abel Meeropol, a Jewish schoolteacher from New York, saw an image of the lynching of two African - American men 1937 and was motivated by these terrible events to write a poem about the incident. The poem was adapted to song and sung by jazz luminary Billie Holiday and went on to become an iconic attack on racial injustice and prejudice in America. The paper attempts to present the history of the song as well as relevant aspects in the lives of Abel Meeropol and Billie Holiday. Insight is also be given on the history of racial lynching in America.

Outline:
Introduction
Overview: Abel Meeropol and "Strange Fruit"
The Song
Reaction to "Strange Fruit"
The Practice of Lynching
Billie Holiday
Conclusion

From the Paper
"However from a very different perspective the song was hailed as revolutionary in many senses. In the first instance it was revolutionary because this was the first time that such explicit lyrics had been used in relation to the subject of racial prejudice and injustice. It was also seen as being revolutionary in that it succeeded in effectively "...reversing the black singer's relationship with a white audience. " This view is based on the fact that usually the black singer was expected to entertain and "serve" the white audience with music and song that did not upset or create discomfort. However, in the case of Strange Fruit, the white audience was shocked and had to listen to an uncomfortable message about severe prejudice and injustice committed against Black people in America. In singing this song, Holiday "...found a means by which she could demand that the audience stop and listen to her, and she was able to force them to take on board something with which they were not comfortable." "

Tags:racial, lynching, blacks

Abstract
The paper relates the successes of Billie Holiday, an African-American jazz vocalist. The paper describes her gradual downturn due to her drug and alcohol abuse that caused her to be arrested several times and negatively impacted her voice. The paper concludes, however, that Billie Holiday was one of the best jazz vocalists ever, with her musical influence felt long after her death.

From the Paper
"Billie Holiday was born on April 7, 1915, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her real name was Eleanora Fagan and she was also known as "lady Day". She named herself Billie Holiday after the film star, Billie Dove. Many of the details about her early childhood years are unknown. What is known is that she spent much of her early youth living with relatives and that she later resided in New York with her mother. There is also evidence from various sources that "...she had experienced abuse and prostitution by her mid-teens" (Billie Holiday1915 - 1959: BBC)."

Tags:performance, singer, album, drugs, alcohol

Abstract
This paper charts the life and successes of Billie Holiday, one of the most well-known Jazz singers of the twentieth century. The paper describes her early years, her career successes, and her turbulent personal life. The paper also discusses her drug addiction and, briefly, her influence on the world of Jazz.

From the Paper
"Billie was born in 1915 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; her father, Clarence Holiday, was a guitarist, and her mother was Sadie Fagan. Her parents never married, and Billie Holiday was born Eleanora Fagan Gough; some suggest that "Sadie was allegedly only 13 at the time" (Hollywood Graves); in addition, the father's name on her birth certificate is that of Frank DeViese - the mystery and controversy of her birth would later be an echo of much of her later life. . Like many children during the depression, Holiday suffered many years of neglect, culminating in being sent to Catholic Reform school, apparently after it emerged that she had been raped. After only two years, she escaped, and (according to her autobiography), began working as a teenage prostitute."

Tags:neglect, addition, recorded

Abstract
This paper is a critical comparison and contrast of Billie Holiday and Bessie Smith. Their lives are similar in many respects; the main contrast is that Smith achieved a high degree of financial success.

Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines Herman Melville's novel "Billy Budd" as a Christian allegory. It shows the ways in which the characters of Vere, Billy, and Claggart parallel biblical figures of Pilate, Jesus, and Satan and how the allegory is developed thematically.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Herman Melville's novel "Billy Budd" as a Christian allegory. The plan of the research will be to set forth the pattern of ideas in the novel and then to discuss means by which the allegorical elements of the narrative surface in respect of not only ways in which the characters can be analyzed as analogues of specific biblical figures but also how the theme of redemptive and otherwise sociologically unmerited suffering defines the moral scope o faction and enables the..."

Tags:allegory, Melville, Billy Budd, Claggart, Jesus, Christian, Pilate, Satan, character analysis

Abstract
This paper describes Herman Melville's novel "Billy Budd" as a non-allegorical story of the intersection of three characters (Billy Budd, Claggart and Captain Vere). The paper argues that each man is compelled to act as he does by internal and external forces.

From the Paper
"While many critics tend to read Herman Melville's "Billy Budd" as an allegory, this is but one possible approach to what can also be understood as a realistic story of how human nature and human psychology functions under conditions of crisis and stress. Melville's allegory rests upon the assumption that Billy Budd represents some type of Noble Sailor or handsome Sailor who must be sacrificed to the common good. Conversely, examining the characters of Budd, Captain Vere and Claggart, Billy's nemesis, one..."

Tags:Herman Melville, Billy Budd, Sailor

Abstract
This paper discusses why Herman Melville's novel "Billy Budd" is not an allegory. The paper examines various interpretations of the novel, from repressed homosexuality, to the conflict between good and evil, to Marx and Darwin.

From the Paper
"There are many different approaches taken by literary critics to a close reading of Herman Melville's "Billy Budd" among which Eric Goldman includes the Manichean portrayal of conflict between good and evil, an illustration of the dialectical materialism of Marxism, a modern allegory of the Crucifixion and a psychodrama about repressed homosexual desire. The book has also been interpreted more recently by examining the significance of Darwinian discourse which Thomas Hove says is particularly important because the book explores a..."

Tags:Herman Melville, Billy Budd, allegory

Abstract
The paper offers an analysis of the conflict between the individual and society as it is portrayed in Melville's story, "Billy Budd." The paper explains the story of an innocent sailor who is condemned to death due to his vulnerability to the forces of evil.

From the Paper
"The idealism in Melville's "Billy Budd" revolves around the conflict between the individual and society and the vulnerability of innocence. Billy Budd is a twenty-one-year-old sailor who is idealistic, innocent and incapable of perceiving evil intentions in others. Good looking and emitting a virtue of character sugaring the sour of his nature, Billy is vulnerable to the evil on board the H M S Bellipotent in the form of the Master-at-Arms Claggart."

Tags:law, order, liberties, death, naivety, control, war, Melville, Billy Budd

Abstract
The debate raging about whether or not Billy Bishop is a war hero or a war fraud has driven deep divisions into the historical field. This paper explores the enduring controversy and argues that while the arguments against Bishop appear compelling at first they are met by thoughtful opposition by respected scholars who are quick to note that Bishop's critics hardly have the sort of unambiguous information they need to make sweeping denunciations about the man and his legacy.

Tags:billy, bishop, legacy