Abstract
The novel, "Bright Lights, Big City", by Jay McInerney, pivots around the idea of idolizing the Mother, whether it be the main character's actual mother or any number of maternal figures in his life. This paper makes the claim that all the female figures mentioned in the novel are really meant to displace the idea of 'mother'. Only when the protagonist realizes this can he truly grow up.

From the Paper
"Again she makes her motherly nature apparent by parentally comforting him when he comes back to the office without her bagel, claiming that he's just "fucking everything up" (79) these days. Putting her arm around him gently, she tells him to "take it easy" (79) and that "everything is going to be all right" (79). That is not the talk of a concerned friend, but rather the reassuring words of a mother to a child after a bad day at school. Finally, Megan makes her last appearance as "mother" when she invites the main character over to her house for dinner. Instead of the typical date atmosphere one would expect from a woman who presumably has a crush on a man, Megan says that she's going to "teach [him] how to purchase and make a meal" (133) an act that undoubtedly makes her resemble a parent."

Tags:1980s, new, york, Oedipal

Abstract
The writer relates that there are many places in Lugano that can amaze the urban viewer with its natural fauna and beautiful geography. This writer personally prefers to spend most of his/her free time sitting close to a really large and beautiful tree, which grows in the Parco Ciani.

Tags:moscow, life, lugano

Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews the book "A Theology as Big as the City" by Raymond Bakke. The paper discusses Bakke's inspiration for his book and his perception of how cooperation and working together can neutralize the negative aspects of cities. The paper explains Bakke's reasons for moving him and his family to the city and describes how Bakke relates the individual books in the Bible to that of the city. In closing, the paper adds that, although readers of Bakke's book might get a negative feeling from Bakke and his views on how a city can be integrated with theology and religion, Bakke's ultimate goal was to stress the importance of an appropriate attitude towards ministry in the city by showing how diverse God's work can be.

From the Paper
"Once Bakke's views are capable of being seen and understood, one can start to realize his real agenda behind moving to the city. Bakke plans to bring the communities within the cities together through its programs and people, and although both are putting forth an effort to make a difference, the cultural barriers is what ultimately separates groups, and therefore communities. It's no question that change is hard work, but to Bakke, its how one comes to change someone or something that affects the city and its surroundings. By looking for the solutions and not the problems, Bakke's perspective about the city in his book starts to take form."

Tags:religion, lifestyle

Abstract
As America developed in the nineteenth century, large cities sprang up across the nation. In particular, by the twentieth century with the help of an influx of immigration, New York City had become a bustling city with well over one million people. Opinions on the quality of city life were mixed, especially among artists. This paper refutes the arguments put forth by cultural historian, Alan Trachtenberg, in his book "Reading American Art", that artists, specifically photographers like Alfred Stieglitz, manipulated their art to convey their individual feelings toward the big city. The paper argues that Trachtenberg unfairly groups all artists that presented urban imagery into the same category. The photography Trachtenberg refers to differs substantially from other photographers and painters that portrayed city life. The paper includes several reproductions of photographs and paintings.

From the Paper
"However, most often, the Ashcan artists focused on the city as a collection of individual "microneighborhoods" 4 rather than a larger entity. This differs again from Trachtenberg's assertion that the city is most often depicted as picturesque. Again, by inserting people into the picture, the picturesque nature is lost. In comparing Sloan's A Woman's Work to Hine's Playground in a Tenement Alley there are parallels that can be drawn. Both show low class tenements with their laundry hanging out to dry over an alley. Sloan's painting portrays the house work that women must do and suggests that the woman is the one who keeps the house in order. Hine's photo proposes that while the children live in a run down rookery tenement, they are quite satisfied playing baseball."

Tags:Jessie, Tarbox, Beals, Arnold, Genthe, Lewis, Hine, Ashcan, School

Abstract
There are many expository strategies one can employ in pursuing a study of this sort, but I chose a strict chronological strategy - for the most part. At the same time, I decided it best to follow an informal autobiographical approach - I am writing in the first person - because that allowed me to capture first impressions that might be suppressed or lost if I assumed a more formal tone.

From the Paper
A Qualitative Study of the Honest Lawyer Bar in Windsor, Ontario: A look at the Pop Music Culture in Windsor and Detroit - and How the Small Town Differs from the Big City A Summary of the experiment: Step by step There are many expository strategies one can employ in pursuing a study of this sort, but I chose a strict chronological strategy - for the most part. At the same time, I decided it best to follow an informal autobiographical approach - I am writing in the first person - because that allowed me to capture first impressions that might be suppressed or lost if I assumed a more formal tone.

Tags:detroit, windsor, qualitative

Abstract
This paper explores one of the Big Move's ten strategies for enhancing the quality of live, environmental sustainability and economic competitiveness of Greater Toronto; the strategy to be examined is strategy number two or the enhancement and expansion of the city's active transportation. If this strategy is pursued (in conjunction with other strategic initiatives highlighted in the Metrolinx report), then the city of Toronto will solve one of its chief problems - crowded, congested streets - and also cut down (or at least begin the process of cutting down) on pollution and carbon emissions.

From the Paper
Evaluating the Big Move: Expand and Enhance Active Transportation This paper explores one of the Big Move's ten strategies for enhancing the quality of live, environmental sustainability and economic competitiveness of Greater Toronto; the strategy to be examined is strategy number two or the enhancement and expansion of the city's active transportation. If this strategy is pursued (in conjunction with other strategic initiatives highlighted in the Metrolinx report), then the city of Toronto will solve one of its chief problems - crowded, congested streets - and also cut down (or at least begin the process of cutting down) on pollution and carbon emissions. At the same time, adoption of this one strategic investment

Tags:big, move, transportation

Abstract
This paper discusses the decline of the urban, inner-city retail strips and the rise of the suburban economic power centers featuring the massive commercial developments known as "big box" or "category killer" retailers. The paper examines this phenomenon and focuses on the experience of the greater Toronto area. It looks at the range of variables that have contributed to this phenomenon, the most significant of which is the explosive levels of growth in North American suburbs as immigrants bypass the traditional inner-city reception areas and settle directly in the suburbs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Death of the Inner-City Retail Strip
Immigration and Growth
Characteristics of Suburban Retail Growth: The Big Boxes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Rather, as this essay has attempted to show, demographic factors have also played an important role in both diminishing the local clientele for inner-city retail strips and fuelling the growth of not only the suburbs but the "big box" retailers situated in the suburbs. Immigrants have been central in this dynamic, as migration from overseas bypassing the traditional immigrant reception areas in Toronto's downtown core, as well as intra-city migration of already established immigrants, are not only resulting in the collapse of retail strips such as Chinatown East, but are accentuating the growth of Chinese suburbs and malls. In this analysis, while the suburban power-centres and inner city retail strips are not in direct competition, they are twin poles of an economic dynamic that is reshaping the retail and settlement patterns of cities such as Toronto."

Tags:suburban, chinatown, internationalization, immigrants

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that one of the defining features of the economies of North America cities has been the decline of the urban, inner-city retail strips and the rise of the suburban economic power centers featuring the massive commercial developments known as "big box" or "category killer" retailers. This paper examines this phenomenon with a particular focus upon the experience of the Greater Toronto area.

From the Paper
"As will be argued, in order to fully understand this phenomenon we must appreciate the range of variables that have contributed to it; the most significant of which is the explosive levels of growth in North American suburbs as immigrants bypass the traditional inner-city reception areas and settle directly in the suburbs. This change in the traditional migratory process has been paralleled by moves of immigrant communities from downtown ethnic enclaves to enclaves in the suburbs; inter-city migrations which have contributed to the destruction of the inner-city retail strip and fueled the growth of suburban economic power centers."

Tags:urban, suburban, retail

Abstract
"The Big Easy" is a 1989 film about police corruption in New Orleans, a city that is known for its high crime rate as well as its high percentage of black residents. This paper looks at how the black race is presented throughout the film as being involved in both petty and serious crimes and how this is a recurring motif throughout the film.

From the Paper
"The first representation of blacks as criminals occurs early in the film, when the prosecuting attorney is mugged as she walks down the street in the French Quarter, known as a hotbed of petty street crime. It is doubtful whether a savvy prosecutor would walk be herself in this district at night, and the scene is included as a means of establishing the background of the story. However, it would seem that white muggers (or Asian, Hispanic or Middle Eastern) could have been used to the same affect. While it is true that New Orleans has a large black population, it also has a large immigrant segment originating from many cities and areas of the world, as most urban areas in the United States do."

Tags:new, orleans, police, corruption

Abstract
This paper explains that Big Dig, a state-of-the-art eight-to-ten-lane expressway, for the most part underground or underwater, will run through downtown Boston and the Ted Williams Tunnel to Logan Airport. The paper reviews three areas of environmental concern: The digging and dumping of the dirt, mitigation and air quality. The author points out that the mitigation aspect of the project protects the city from devastating noise disruption, dust, traffic gridlock and economic damage.

From the Paper
"There are other benefits as well. According to Daniel Wood of Public Roads Magazine, the Big Dig will be "good news for the local shellfish population because of the construction of an artificial reef in Boston Harbor" (Public Roads). The reef, created in collaboration with the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is designed to compensate for filling in over one acre of blue mussel habitat in the harbor during the closing and capping of the former municipal landfill on Spectacle Island. Wood also says that, "As the northernmost artificial reef system in the United States, the complex is expected to become home to lobsters, crabs, and finfish, as well as the displaced blue mussels" "

Tags:underground, underwater, downtown, parks, airport