Abstract
This paper discusses the decline of the urban, inner-city retail strips and the rise of the suburban economic power centers featuring the massive commercial developments known as "big box" or "category killer" retailers. The paper examines this phenomenon and focuses on the experience of the greater Toronto area. It looks at the range of variables that have contributed to this phenomenon, the most significant of which is the explosive levels of growth in North American suburbs as immigrants bypass the traditional inner-city reception areas and settle directly in the suburbs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Death of the Inner-City Retail Strip
Immigration and Growth
Characteristics of Suburban Retail Growth: The Big Boxes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Rather, as this essay has attempted to show, demographic factors have also played an important role in both diminishing the local clientele for inner-city retail strips and fuelling the growth of not only the suburbs but the "big box" retailers situated in the suburbs. Immigrants have been central in this dynamic, as migration from overseas bypassing the traditional immigrant reception areas in Toronto's downtown core, as well as intra-city migration of already established immigrants, are not only resulting in the collapse of retail strips such as Chinatown East, but are accentuating the growth of Chinese suburbs and malls. In this analysis, while the suburban power-centres and inner city retail strips are not in direct competition, they are twin poles of an economic dynamic that is reshaping the retail and settlement patterns of cities such as Toronto."

Tags:suburban, chinatown, internationalization, immigrants

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that one of the defining features of the economies of North America cities has been the decline of the urban, inner-city retail strips and the rise of the suburban economic power centers featuring the massive commercial developments known as "big box" or "category killer" retailers. This paper examines this phenomenon with a particular focus upon the experience of the Greater Toronto area.

From the Paper
"As will be argued, in order to fully understand this phenomenon we must appreciate the range of variables that have contributed to it; the most significant of which is the explosive levels of growth in North American suburbs as immigrants bypass the traditional inner-city reception areas and settle directly in the suburbs. This change in the traditional migratory process has been paralleled by moves of immigrant communities from downtown ethnic enclaves to enclaves in the suburbs; inter-city migrations which have contributed to the destruction of the inner-city retail strip and fueled the growth of suburban economic power centers."

Tags:urban, suburban, retail

Abstract
This paper examines the two sides of the 'big-box' controversy as to whether or not one should support the practice and formation of big-box retailing in terms of the effects that these outlets, which include large stores such as Target and Wal-Mart, have on local communities, as well as the effects that they have on suburban sprawl and the associated argument between downtown and suburban development. The position of this thesis is that big-box retailing does have adverse effects on local communities, which causes many of these communities to form a reaction against the retailers; consumers would be more likely to support a more aesthetically pleasing paradigm in which these retailers are held more accountable for expansion and sprawl.

Paper Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Retail Trends
Super Stores
Power Centers
Effects of the Big Box
Economic
Environmental
Social
Cultural/Aesthetic
Parking
Relationship to Surrounding Community
Hypothesis
Research Design/Methodology
Findings and Recommendations
Case Study Research
Quantative
Qualitative
Policy Structure Examples
Case Study on 'Sprawlternatives'
Planning and Zoning Strategies
Design and Land-use Standards
Urban Growth Boundaries
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"For example, in some areas, states and communities have banded together to introduce legislation regarding big box retailers and their presence, often with extensive conditional modifiers when the establishments are allowed. Moratoriums on big box type architecture are also common. But there is a lot of difference in between different states and communities in terms of the costs and benefits of either prohibiting big box superstores or drawing them towards the area. For
example, some states have been very prohibitive towards superstores, power centers, and other categories of big box retail mentioned above. At the same time, however, other states have situations that are totally different, with tax incentives being offered to direct investors in a way that seems to break down a communication barrier in terms of community goal alignment, or install a barrier, depending on one's perspective."

Tags:mart, wal

Abstract
This paper examines a number of media discussions of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region in the context of scholarly analyses of this phenomenon. The thesis is argued that urban sprawl must be understood in terms of an economic geography analysis that would not only explain the factors contributing to this trend, but also explain its costs in environmental terms as well as its implications for continuing change in land use and economic development in terms of Weberian locational principles. As is seen, the acceleration of urban sprawl risks transforming the equations that have fostered economic growth across the region. The paper shows how unchecked sprawl may result in congestion and increasing transportation costs that, if not addressed by political and business leading, may throttle economic development in the region in the years to come.

From the Paper
"Arguably no land use trend in the Greater Golden Horsehoe region has received more media attention in recent years than has urban sprawl. However, one of the defining characteristics of media representations of this issue has been the tendency of media to focus on isolated aspects of this trend - i.e., the loss of farm land to development or the environmental degradation of the Oak Ridges Moraine - without explaining the broader economic forces that contribute to this trend. In the absence..."

Tags:land, sprawl, canada

Abstract
The following paper will look at suburbanization and sprawl in the City of Brampton - a part of the GTA that has seen enormous growth in recent years - and discuss the population and population density measurements which illuminate and underscore this phenomenon. The paper will similarly discuss the form the urban sprawl appears to be taking - in Brampton, anyways - and what the current and future consequences of all of this will be if it is left unchecked. Finally, some approaches being undertaken at the provincial and local levels to combat this will be examined and my own recommendations will follow. Ultimately, I feel that a curb on residential licensing and population intensification policies are the best way for urban sprawl to be overcome in Brampton.

From the Paper
Suburbanization and Sprawl in the Greater Toronto Area: the Case of Brampton The following paper will look at suburbanization and sprawl in the City of Brampton - a part of the GTA that has seen enormous growth in recent years - and discuss the population and population density measurements which illuminate and underscore this phenomenon. The paper will similarly discuss the form the urban sprawl appears to be taking - in Brampton, anyways - and what the current and future consequences of all of this will be if it is left unchecked. Finally, some approaches being undertaken at the provincial and local levels to combat this will be examined and my own

Tags:sprawl, toronto, brampton

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth discussion of urban sprawl and its many negative impacts on urban areas. These include increases in traffic related problems, negative environmental impacts, greater demand on the resources and services provided by municipalities and even social segregation. Toronto is used as an example of a city that has been experiencing urban sprawl.

From the Paper
"Urban sprawl has had many negative impacts on urban areas, like increase traffic related problems, negative environmental impacts, greater demand on the resources and services provided by municipalities and even social segregation. Toronto has been experiencing urban sprawl. A more sustainable city development would include concepts such as revitalizing the city core, developing more high-density housing and mixed-use land planning, more focus on public transit or other environmentally friendly modes of transportation."

Tags:briefing note, urban sprawl, toronto

Abstract
This third year environmental planning course assignment discusses urban sprawl in the greater Toronto area. The paper examines urban sprawl, the Oak Ridges moraine, planning problems and planning solutions. The paper further examines the implementation of the greenbelt plan.

From the Paper
"There are many environmental, social and political issues that can be solved through effective planning. However, some environmental, urban and political problems have been caused by a lack of planning. One of the most potentially disastrous environmental, urban and political issues is urban sprawl. According to William Norton in Human Geography, The term urban sprawl is often used to describe the deconcentration that involves low-density expansion of urban land uses into surrounding rural areas (Norton 418). This rather clinical definition is misleading because it treats urban sprawl as if it is not problematic."

Tags:sprawl, oak, ridges

Abstract
This paper discusses what is known as the 'urban sprawl'. According to this paper, the urban sprawl is the shifting trend of young adults that were raised in the suburbs by parents who left the city for a more suburban lifestyle, returning to the city to make their home.

From the Paper
"In the latter half of the 20th century the phenomenon of urban sprawl came to define the urban and suburban landscapes of North America. However, towards the end of the 1990s and in the early 21st century geographers began to take note of shifting trends regarding urban sprawl as formerly suburbanized populations, such as the children of the "baby boom" generation, began returning to the cities."

Tags:geography, urban, sprawl

Abstract
This paper analyzes an article about the issue of urban sprawl in Montreal. The author points out that urban sprawl is a continuing problem, which has devitalizing the city center of Montreal. The paper relates that this is the result of several factors, but the article alleges that the most relevant factor is the fact that the regional government does not really have a voice in this issue.

From the Paper
"The Canadian city is changing, mostly as a result of urban sprawl, and not enough is being done to stem the flow of this change or to direct it in more desirable directions. This is the emphasis of the article which forms Chapter 14 of the text The Changing Canadian Metropolis (Volume 2), edited by F. Frisken. The chapter, entitled "Urban Sprawl in the Montreal Area - Policies and Trends" by Charbonneau, Hamel and Barcelo of the University of Montreal, gives us a comprehensive picture of what is going on in Montreal in recent times with regard to its city planning - or, more relevantly, the lack of urban planning."

Tags:urban, sprawl, montreal