Abstract This paper examines the factors that effect liquidity, bid-ask spreads, in the "options" market. As investors try to develop a profitable stock option trading strategy, often they find that their actual trading capital is less than expected. This occurs because of bid-ask spreads. A trader can buy options at an ask price and sell it at a bid price, but the actual bid-ask spread can be 100% or more. The paper discusses various factors and the bid-ask process itself to provide a comprehensive understanding of the options market.
From the Paper "In examining the bid-ask quotes offered by specialists (or dealers) who face indirect competition from other specialists who trade in related assets, some specialists may control more than one asset. In a simple factor model, the optimal specialist control structure depends on whether the assets trade as substitutes or complements. In some situations it is beneficial to have specialist power concentrated within industries, in other situations, across industries, and in yet other situations, not to be concentrated at all (Ackert & Church, 1998)."
This paper addresses eBay Live Auctions. It discusses what eBay auctions are, how to participate, how to register to be part of the eBay auctions, how to bid from a computer, what are corrigenda, and trouble shooting when it comes to eBay auctions.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 12 sources, 2002, $ 97.95
Abstract This paper addresses eBay Live Auctions. It discusses what eBay auctions are, how to participate, how to register to be part of the eBay auctions, how to bid from a computer, what are corrigenda, and trouble shooting when it comes to eBay auctions. How to contact the seller after the sale is important once the bid is accepted.
Tags: BUSINESS / BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY, the ebay auction
Abstract This paper discusses Oracle's hostile takeover bid for Peoplesoft which was one its main competitors in the enterprise software industry. It provides an overview of Oracle and Peoplesoft, as well as the general industry background. The paper then discusses the benefits of the merger for Oracle, as well as their strategic tactics in the takeover process.
Table of Contents:
Oracle Overview
Peoplesoft Overview (pre Oracle)
Industry Background
Situational Overview
Merger Benefits & Market Perception
Financing Structure of the Takeover
Bid Tactics of Oracle
Conclusion
From the Paper "The financing structure of the Oracle takeover bid for PeopleSoft was, on the surface, initially a cash offer because Oracle had such a large pool of cash reserves at the time. The final offer for PeopleSoft was for $26.50 per share which placed PeopleSoft at a market value at the time of $10.3b. This final price that Oracle is paying for PeopleSoft is $2.50 per share more than Oracle's previous final offer which Oracle accomplished through cash and stock offerings for existing PeopleSoft shares tendered by December 10, 2004 in which 120,600,093 shares had been tendered and, according to Oracle, not withdrawn which completed the final acquisition. While most analysts agree that Oracle overpaid for PeopleSoft the benefits and market advantages that the company gained by acquiring PeopleSoft has paid dividends in the mid term because of the new customers the company has acquired as well as the host of other acquisitions that Oracle has undertaken since its PeopleSoft hostile takeover."
Abstract The paper discusses the landmark Supreme Court decision "Weyerhaeuser Company versus Ross-Simmons Hardwood Lumber Company," which has had a significant effect on the judicial landscape pertaining to antitrust law. The case involved the legal issues of antitrust laws and monopolies, specifically regarding what test was to be utilized should a predatory bidding occur. The paper discusses that essentially the Supreme Court held that the test used for over a decade to govern predatory pricing was the same test that should be applied to incidences of predatory bidding. The paper states that without competition, there is no check on prices and thus the consumer is the one who suffers. The paper relates that Congress enacted various laws in order to prevent monopolistic business practices from occurring.
Outline:
Introduction
Summary of the Case
Factual Background
Decision
Consequences of the Weyerhaeuser Decision
From the Paper "Antitrust laws came into existence in the 1800s as a way of protecting the free enterprise value of American capitalism. The need arose during the later part of the century when great industrial corporations, such as Standard Oil and JP Morgan, were able to create monopolies over their industry and thus force out competition. Without competition, there is no check on prices and thus the consumer is the one who suffers. Thus, congress enacted various laws in order to prevent such monopolistic business practices from occurring."
Tags: judicial, landscape, predatory, bidding, market, power
This paper discusses the design-build method of construction whereby a single company is in charge from the projects inception to its completion including planning, design and construction.
Abstract This paper, in addition to explaining the design-build method, presents an overview of the history of construction and some of the traditional methods used for bidding on construction projects. The design-build method is ideal for parking garages, hospitals, banks, shopping malls or any other repetitive structural buildings because these types of structures are not architecturally driven and rely on predictable components. The author believes that most developers do not understand or appreciate the full range of benefits that design-build offers them.
From the Paper "Since developers often choose design-build for accelerated project schedules, contractors need a way to ensure they will have enough skilled workers when they are needed and that they can attract them within the budget that has been established. Design-build project delivery greatly improves constructability and overall worker satisfaction. Many design-builders consult extensively with their subcontractors during the proposal stages and those firms have great sway on how their part of the project will be designed and built. Some union officials see problems with design-build project delivery because they think that this method simply adds one more layer of project management to the process and actually is slower than the design-bid-build delivery method. ?We are at the mercy of the construction manager much more often than before because of design-build,? says Rob Trenkle, director of the construction department of the Laborers International Union of North America. ?When a general contractor is in control of the whole job, there is less confusion and less steps you have to go through.? "
This paper analyzes the EBS/EBPS advanced management system, which was conceived to standardize, economize and effectively manage the procurement and bidding process for government entities.
Abstract This paper identifies some of the causative factors, system identifiers, possible solutions, tools, and recommendations for improving, without retooling or redevelopment, the EBS/EBPS system. The author believes that the current system is too costly in time, money, and manpower despite the perceived and demonstrated inherent value to such a system. The author points out that the advent of the personal computer has reduced the drudgery and alleviated many of the error prone aspects of estimating and lists many recommendations for improving the system by using the computer.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
General Discussion of the Background of Bidding Problematic Nature of Current (Manual) System
Scope and Limitations of EBS Studies
Methodology
Information Collection - History
Information Collection ? Process Methodology for EBPS
Applied Tools
Advanced Management Analysis Tools and Techniques
Analysis
Objectives
Enterprise Integration
Discussion
Recommendations
Appendices
Take-off Viewers
Dictionary
From the Paper "Procedures for handling IFBs (invitations for bids) are also subjective when they must be objective. The information included in the IFB must be complete and uniform for all bidders without display of preferential selection, the procedures for submitting bids must be standardized as much as possible, the requirements for opening and evaluating bids and awarding contracts must be clear and unambiguous, and two-step sealed bidding procedures must be monitored and managed uniformly across all divisions."
Abstract Proponents of Toronto's Olympic bid argue that it will be an economic windfall for the city directly and indirectly. Its opponents argue that it will be economically costly and that it represents misguided public policy and expenditure. The experience of another Olympic venue (Barcelona, 1992) is outlined and then the debate about potential costs and benefits for Toronto is examined.
Tags: CANADIAN STUDIES AND ISSUES / SPORTS, toronto olympic bid
Abstract In this outline, previous experiences of hosting the Olympic Games are analyzed and used to develop an argument for examining the costs and benefits of contemporary bids to host the Olympics.
Abstract This paper looks at the Mitchell report which was the result of a commission that was formed to take a hard look at U.S. cities' bidding practices for the olympic games.
Abstract This seven-page undergraduate paper consists of the one argument for, and the many arguments against Toronto's bid for the Olympic Games. The main argument is that the Olympics only benefit the small rich group in a city.
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of the company, eBay, with a focus on what it needs to do in order to maintain competitiveness and profitability. The paper compares eBay to other online companies, such as "Ask Jeeves", which did not survive the post-dot-com boom and shows how eBay could follow in the same footsteps unless it makes changes.
Contents
Enhancing eBay's e-commerce strategy
Four positional factors of e-commerce
Three bonding factors of e-commerce
Utilizing e-commerce strategies
From the Paper "eBay has led the internet revolution as a company which is made possible by the internet and e-commerce. The auction site links buyers and sellers together, and has turned the ideas of a neighborhood garage sale into a global multi-million dollar industry. eBay is a host that provided access for individuals and businesses to reach willing buyers who set their own prices for the goods they want to purchase. But without a strategy, plan, and the technology support the vision and bind it together into a working business, the eBay of tomorrow could be the Ask Jeeves of today."
Tags: commerce, online, internet, bid, auction, dot, com
Abstract The paper presents a review of buy-side company performance in relation to stock price in and around the time various corporations have made their hostile takeover bids. The paper reviews the literature and collection of research data from companies around the world that have been involved in both successful and failed takeover bids. The paper then attempts to determine whether companies ought to consider hostile takeovers as viable tools in their competitive toolboxes. The paper concludes that it appears that successful hostile bidding in itself is neither a guarantor nor a hindrance to performance, as measured by stock prices.
Outline:
Review of the literature
Statement of the problem
Data Collection and Analysis
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper "The subject of hostile takeovers has been frequently considered in the American research literature since the 1980s (Yang, 2003). After a large number of such takeovers occurred in the United States during that time, businessmen, academics, and legislators began to look for ways to deal with hostile takeovers with rational, research-supported solutions. One major development in the literature revolved around the ways the American economy has responded to block most attempts at hostile takeovers, with public policy and optimal defense strategies that corporations could use in order to fend off unwanted takeover bids. Subramanian (2003) provides a review of the major trends in buyer takeover strategies, and shows how legislative responses and corporate defense measures such as poison pill and effective staggered board management structures have made target-side corporations very difficult to acquire against their will."
Analyzes the specific marketing, advertising, & promotion campaigns for the most important products of BT from 1996 through 1997. Assesses the impact of its bid for MCI & the consequences if that bid fails.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 32 sources, 1997, $ 135.95
From the Paper " Introduction
The present world of telecommunications is fast-moving, amorphous and unpredictable. British Telecommunications (BT) had recognized the importance of developing an aggressive, world-wide marketing strategy in such an environment when it contemplated a purchase of MCI.
BT bought a 20% stake in MCI in 1993. In November of 1996, BT attempted to consummate the relationship with a $24 billion bid for the 80% of MCI it did not own. This bid was reduced to $19 billion in July of 1997 when MCI revealed large losses in the U.S. local telephone market.
When the BT-MCI union was first proposed, it was suggested by many analysts that while BT might be a touch staid and slow-moving, MCI, as the maverick among phone companies, was just the.."
Abstract Bidding for the right to host the Olympics is a subject of debate as a result of recent scandals and Toronto's direct involvement in an Olympic bid. Montreal's experience (1976) with the Olympics (costs and benefits) is examined initially. The Toronto process, in light of Canada's previous experience is then examined. Potential costs and benefits are identified.
Abstract The goal of this study is to refine our current understanding of how nutritional supplements can effect wound healing, in general, and pressure ulcers, in particular. This research paper will explore the healing rates of pressure ulcers in patients who have been given multivitamin supplements alone, multivitamin supplements with Arginine, or supplements of 500 mg Vitamin C BID and 50 mg zinc. This paper hypothesizes that healing rates of Stage II and III pressure ulcers are similar in patients receiving multivitamin supplements alone or patients receiving 500 mg Vitamin C BID and 50 mg zinc and improved in patients receiving arginine supplements.
Contents
Background
Pressure Ulcers and Wound Healing
Vitamin C
Zinc
Multivitamins
Arginine
Summary
From the Paper "Pressure ulcers are a common problem among patients in acute and long-term care facilities. Pressure ulcers can vary significantly in severity and condition. According to Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines, stage II pressure ulcers consist of "Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis or both (e.g., abrasion, blister, or shallow crater)" (Folkedahl, Frantz & Goode). Stage III pressure ulcers consist of wounds that involve skin loss of full thickness that may extend to underlying fascia, but not through the fascia. Clinically, a stage III pressure ulcer presents as a deep crater that may or may not undermine adjacent tissue (Folkedahl, Frantz & Goode)."
