Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the past few decades, emerging new technologies have threatened the existence of the traditional bicycle. However, even with such threats, the bicycle has survived and has even grown in numbers, sales and use. Many poorer countries whose citizens do not have widespread access to cars or buses utilize the bicycle for travel, work and entertainment, while in richer countries such as the United States, the bicycle still maintains its common popularity. The writer maintains that the bicycle industry appears to be a viable industry despite the competition presented by technology. This paper discusses the manufacturing process of the bicycle, taking into account the history of the bicycle and the manner in which this process developed. The writer examines the present impact of the manufacturing process and concludes with a projection of the future usage of the bicycle.

Outline:
Introduction
History of the Bicycle
Early Manufacturing Process of the Bicycle
Early Placement in the Market & Present Impact of the Manufacturing Process
Projections of the Future Usage of the Bicycle
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The present manufacturing process greatly differs from the early processes utilized by companies such as Schwinn. In the present, frame manufacturers buy tubing from one source, frame fittings from others, and then fabricates a frame. Some companies outsource frame subassemblies and bicycle painting to other countries where the labor is cheaper. This differs greatly from the manufacturing process where all of the operations to produce a frame were manufactured in-house. The early manufacturing process consisted of making the tubing, the frame fittings, and joining the tubes and fittings into a frame and painting it. The only products the early manufacturers bought were coils of 1010 steel strip, as compared to buying separate pieces for each segment of the bicycle. This present manufacturing process will bring additional jobs to poorer countries, that will benefit from the domestic manufacture of bicycles. This outsourcing is positive because many of these poorer countries rely on bicycles as their primary means of transportation."

Tags:retail, sales, bikes, rider, wheels

Abstract
This paper gives a critical analysis and review of "Beijing Bicycle," a film that deals with many issues relevant to the development process in modern day China. For example, the film highlights class differences, which make migration to the cities difficult for young people from rural areas, because they are usually of a lower class. The protagonist Guei migrates from the rural areas to the big city of Beijing, where he stands out from the city dwellers, who are of a higher social class, and more sophisticated than he. The film develops this theme by tracing Guei's attempts to make a living in the city, despite difficulties such as his bicycle being stolen.

From the Paper
" ' Beijing Bicycle' deals with many issues relevant to the development process in modern day China. For example, the film highlights class differences, which make migration to the cities difficult for young people from rural areas, because they are usually of a lower class. The protagonist Guei migrates from the rural areas to the big city of Beijing, where he stands out from the city dwellers, who are of a higher social class, and more sophisticated, than him. The film develops this theme by tracing Guei's attempts to make a living in the city, despite difficulties such as his bicycle being stolen. Many people are prejudiced against unsophisticated..."

Tags:beijing, migrant, workers

Abstract
In this paper, the author focuses on two scenes from "The Bicycle Thief:" The restaurant scene and the final scene in which Antonio attempts to steal a bicycle. By focusing on these scenes, Bruno's role in the film as an ethical counterpoint to Antonio is made clear.

From the Paper
"In Victor de Sica's The Bicycle Thief (1948), the main character is Antonio, a working-class Italian living in Rome after the end of WWII and trying to support his family. However, equally important to the story is Antonio's son, Bruno. Throughout the film, there are many events, but it is through Bruno and the relationship between him and his father that they are given value and meaning. In some ways, de Sica uses Bruno as a "barometer of the condition of Antonio's spirit as he pursues his agonizing search for the lost bicycle (http://www.enl.umassd.edu/InteractiveCourse/Ethompson/bicyclethieves.html).""

Tags:andre, antonio, bazin, bruno, cinema, film, italian, italy, movie, neo, realism, victor, vittorio

Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the methods in which the films "Citizen Kane" and "Bicycle Thieves" deal with the artistic representation of reality. The paper describes how "Citizen Kane" has left a lasting impression and legacy on filmmaking history by its artistic representation of reality through its innovative cinematography techniques. The paper then shows how "Bicycle Thieves" is remembered in film history for artistically representing reality as reality that uses real life experiences as the 'plot'.

From the Paper
"Citizen Kane and Bicycle Thieves are two of the most prominent movies of all time in film history. Even though the 1941 American film Citizen Kane was originally considered mediocre, it was to eventually gain fame over time and received the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1941. The 1948 Italian film, Bicycle Thieves, on the other hand, was an immediate success. This film received the Academy Award in 1949. (wiki) Both films have captured the audiences' heart, attention, and soul for generations by using realism as their base. In fact, according to film history terms, they are known as realist films. The methods in which these two classic films deal with the artistic representation of realism is remarkably different and has fascinated lovers of the cinema for ages."

Tags:realism, innovation, cinematography, neorealism

Abstract
The paper argues that in certain cases, environments which are safe for pedestrians and bicycle commuters have healthier populations but this is not necessarily always true. The paper asserts that if a person is walking, bicycling or exercising in open spaces during times of heavy smog, for instance, they will not benefit and may be harming themselves, but when environments are safe, pedestrians and cyclists are free from the danger of injury or death and can enjoy the benefits of exercise for health and for simple recreation. The paper asserts that the key is having sufficient numbers of people involved in walking and cycling because this will reduce vehicle accidents and pollution. The paper relates that city planners and the public in cities around the world are now aware that walking and cycling results in a very healthy population compared to those people who do not use outdoor exercise.

From the Paper
"In certain cases, environments which are safe for pedestrians and bicycle commuters have healthier populations but this is not necessarily always true. If a person is walking, bicycling or exercising in open spaces during times of heavy smog, for instance, they will not benefit and may be harming themselves. When environments are safe, pedestrians and cyclists are free from the danger of injury or death and can enjoy the benefits of exercise for health and for simple recreation. The key is having..."

Tags:walk, cycle, health

Abstract
This paper reviews the film 'The Bicycle Thief', which provides a view of Rome in the Post-war period when society became a harsh and uncaring place to exist and in which the poor were battling for a meager form of survival. This struggle for existence emerged through Italy involvement in war and resistance against controlling entities within Italian society. Political parties of the time were attempting to gain control of the lives of citizens while the citizenry was receiving conflicting messages about the ability of the country to regain any form of stability.

Tags:film, history, study

Abstract
This paper presents an experiment in graded exercise testing (GXT), which can be used to measure a person's aerobic capacity and VO2 max. The paper explains that a person's VO2 max is considered the most accurate measurement of the cardiovascular system, and is best measured in incremental exercise on a treadmill or bicycle ergometer. The paper describes the procedures followed by the researchers to monitor the subjects' heart rate, blood pressure, serial ECG, breathing, and exertion. In conclusion, the hypothesis was accurate, and as expected, the results showed that heart rate and blood pressure both continued to increase during exercise and later decreased in the cool down phase. The age predicted heart rate was 199 bpm.

Outline:
Procedure
Results
Conclusions
Questions
References

From the Paper
"First we recorded the subject's weight in kg and measured the resting heart rate and blood pressure. The metronome was set to 100 clicks per minute and the subject was instructed to pedal at 50 revolutions *min^-1. Resistance was determined by weight and resting heart rate. The subject then exercised for three minutes at workload #1. During the second minute of exercise, the blood pressure was recorded. The heart rate was recorded during the third minute. We did the same procedure for workload # 2, adjusting the resistance to the obtained heart rate response in workload # 1. We repeated this procedure for workload # 3 and then determined if a steady state was reached. We then had the subject do a cool down stage and recorded the final heart rate and blood pressure. We used the gathered data to make a graph estimated the maximal workrate."

Tags:VO2, max, work, heart, rate, blood, pressure, exertion, fitness, measurement

Abstract
This paper reviews two examples of avant-garde cinema, Italian neorealist filmmaker Vittorio De Sica's 'Bicycle Thief' and Spanish filmmakers Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali's 'Un Chien Andalou'. According to the paper, avant-garde pushes the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm within definitions of art, culture and reality.

From the Paper
" For example, Lamberto Maggiorani, the actor who played Antonio, was in real life a factory worker in Rome ("Bicycle Thieves"). (In the aftermath of World War II, it is also likely, however, that this casting of "real people", instead of professional actors, was done to save money by not having to pay professional actors). The documentary-style camera work of De Sica's The Bicycle Thief, moreover, further increases for the audience the sense that the film is about true-to-life people and real situations, a characteristic also typical of post-World War II Italian neo-realist cinema. This is, also, an avant-garde filmmaking technique that resists, explicitly and implicitly, the commercialism of Hollywood, while offering, instead, a "purer", more "realistic" (and lower-cost) alternative to film audiences."

Tags:cinematic, techniques, story, commercial, marginal

From the Paper
"Business Description


The "Flying Mane Bicycle Store" will retail and distribute high quality racing and pleasure bicycles throughout Japan and ultimately the entire Pacific Rim. The company will be headquartered in Tokyo. This central location will initially service the entire country and then in the future, serve as a good central location for doing business throughout the Pacific Rim.


The company will also provide a complete service and repair facility for all of its bicycles. A retail bicycle business will be successful in Japan as well as elsewhere in the Pacific Rim due to the increased need, worldwide, for enjoyable aerobic exercise, as well as a viable method for reducing automobile generated pollutants."

Abstract
The paper develops an age and developmentally appropriate lesson plan for a third grade class to promote the use of safety helmets when riding bicycles. The paper describes how the lesson will encourage class participation and will use the inherent developmental characteristics of eight year-olds to belong to a group to provide positive peer pressure. The paper explains that the lesson is also designed to provide reasons why the wearing of helmets is necessary for personal safety and to prevent injury.

From the Paper
"There are 85 million bicycle riders in the United States, and 540,000 of them visited them emergency room, of those 67,000 had head injuries, 27,000 required hospitalization, and 45 to 85 percent of the brain injuries could have been prevented by a helmet. (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute) About half of the bicycle deaths were children under 15. The use of helmets vary greatly in different sectors of society by orders of magnitude, white collar communities helmet use in children is approximately 80%, where inner-city children the use is closer to 10%. (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute) The targeted community of Lacey, Washington would be classified as a white collar community with a white population of approximately 75% and a medium income of $43,848 (year 2000)."

Tags:class, participation, interaction, peer, pressure, injury, prevention